Vitamins 24 Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the lipid soluble vitamins?
ADEK
Do deficiencies arise more quickly in lipid soluble or water soluble vitamin deficient patients?
water soluble
-not able to store them
What are four functions of vitamin A?
- visual cycle - rhodopsin, cone opsins
- synthesis of glucoproteins, mucopolysacchs
- retinoic acid is a hormone
- antioxidant
What are five results of a vitamin A deficiency?
- night blindness early, xeropthalmia advanced
- follicular hyperkeratosis
- anemia despite normal iron intake
- poor growth in kids
- inc susceptibility to infection and cancer
What are two groups that are suceptible to vitamin A deficiency?
- poor malnourished
2. premature babies
What is the plant and animal source of vitamin A? Which requires further processing?
- plant - carotenoids - require further processing
2. animal - retinol
What are three functions of vitamin D?
- mantains bone
- calcium homeostasis
- hormone - acts in many tissues
What disease results from Vit D deficiency in kids? in adults?
kids - rickets
adults - osteomalacia
What does vitamin D help protect against?
breast and other cancers
What are three groups of susceptible people to Vit D deficiency?
- poor
- elderly
- alcoholics
What can vitamin D toxicity lead to?
high serum levels of calcium
bone loss
What are two functions of vitamin K?
- localization of enzymes for blood clotting
2. catalyzes the addition of gamma-carboxyglut to clotting enzymes
What are some signs of vit k deficiency?
bruising, bleeding, hemorrhage
What are four groups of people susceptible to vit K deficiency?
- newborn babies
- patients on long term antibiotics
- elderly
4, patients with defects in fat absorption
What medication is a competitive inhibitor of vitamin k?
warfarin
What is the function of Vit E
antioxidant:
- prevents oxidation of LDL
- protects membranes from being oxidized
What organ systems are effected by vit E deficiency?
cardiovascular
neuro
What are two groups of people susceptible to vit E deficiency?
- severe prolonged defects in absorption
2. genetic defects
what are four functions of vitamin C?
- cofactor for oxidases in collagen formation
- required for synthesis of steroids
- aids in absorption in iron
- has antioxidant activity
What are symptoms that result from vit c deficiency?>
- mild - bruising, immunocompromise
- severe - SCURVY:
- dec wound healing
- osteoporosis
- hemorrhage
- anemia
What are some environmental factors / medications that can cause vitamin C deficiency?
smoking
long term treatment with aspirin
oral contraceptives
corticosteroids
What are the energy releasing B vitamins?
- B1 - thiamine
- B2 - riboflavin
- B3- niacin
- Biotin
- Panthothenic acid - B5
- Pyroxidine - B6
Where do symptoms of deficiencies in energy releasing B vitamins occur?
rapidly growing tissues
- skin - dermatitis
- swollen red tongue - glossitis
- GI - diarrhea
Nervous system - high E demand
What is thiamine a cofactor for?
forms TPP:
- transketolase, transaldolase
- pyruvate dehdrogenase
- alphaKG
