Vitamins Flashcards

Question

what happens if you have too little C?

Answer 1

Scurvy - limeys Poor health

Answer 2

Can get to toxic levels - stored in fat A - retinol - vision, reproduction, bone, immune and skin D - calciferol - absorb calcium, bone and immune E - tocopherol - antioxidant, immune and toxins K - madanione - blood clotting factors and bone health

Answer 3

Stored as rainy esters - pre-form of vitamin A Obtained from plant (beta carotene) and animal sources (retinol) Also some roles in collagen production - teeth and connective tissue Transported in chylomicrons with fat and stored in liver 3rd most common worldwide easy to get into diet

Answer 4

Rare Loss of vision/night blindness Skin issues

Answer 5

Acute - nausea, blurry vision and vomiting Chronic - impact on organs and increases fracture risk

Answer 6

Made from the sun and in skin from cholesterol Activated in kidney and liver Healthy bones/kidneys and intestine Regulates calcium balance Blood and bone calcium levels Urinary excretion Intestinal absorption Can only make enough if have enough cholesterol and sunlight

Answer 7

At risk in winter months esp. in northern hem Rickets - athletes may supplement it as well as children Osteomalacia Osteoporosis

Answer 8

Hypercalcaemia/hypercalcuria Bone demineralisation - draws calcium out of bones

Answer 9

K for coagulation/clotting Synthesised by gut bacteria Antibiotics reduce it - at risk if not synthesising enough Blood clotting (cofactor for prothrombin synthesis) Formation of bone

Answer 10

malnourished/babies/anticoagulants Blood vomit/bleeding into joint capsules/bruising/bleeding gums

Answer 11

Babies - intestines still sterile - no bacteria - more at risk Jaundice/;anaemia/hyperbilirubinemia - formula fed

Answer 12

Nuts (almonds), seeds, wheat germ, veg oils, margarine, salad dressing

Answer 13

Most potent vitamin antioxidant Selenium met

Answer 14

No clear deficiency disease but general feelings of illness High doses of vitamin E can interfere with absorption of V and K LT effects and safety of supplementation unclear

Answer 15

Vitamin deficiencies detrimental to athletic perf and health Excessive doses of fat soluble vitamins accumulate in body and are toxic - too much and little get similar symptoms Excess water soluble excreted in urine Losses of vitamins in sweat negligible Biochem adaptation to ex may increase requirement for some vitamins (B2, 6, A, C, E)

Answer 16

For most part athletes for riboflavin, pyridoxine and C have RDA Supplements unnecessary for athletes consuming balanced diet that meets requirement for energy Supplements don’t improve ex perf when intake adequate Excessive intakes may be harmful

Answer 17

Deficiencies will impair perf Low energy athletes Weight category sports - make/maintain weight Vegetarians - may cut out certain parts of diet that arent being replaced Limited access to fresh fruit and veg Taking additional = no impact on perf

Answer 18

plants manufacture vitamins during p/s animals obtain vitamins from the plants they eat/meats other animals that previously consumed food animals produce some vitamins from precursor substances known as provitamins

Answer 19

8-14h following ingestion

Answer 20

RDIs focus more on promoting health maintenance and risk reduction for nutrient-dependent diseases rather than traditional criterion of preventing deficiency diseases

Answer 21

recommendations that apply to gender and life stages of growth and development based on age and pregnancy and lactation

Answer 22

regulate met fac energy release serve imp functions in bone and tissue synthesis

Answer 23

folate, B6 and 12 an increase in homocysteine levels promote cholesterol's damaging effects on arterial lumen

Vitamins Flashcards

(47 cards)