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NUR 230 > Vitamins and Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

are fat soluble or water soluble more dangerous

A

fat-solube
hangs around for longer

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1
Q

what are the water soluble vitamins

A

vit c (ascorbic acid)
thiamin (b1)
riboflavin (b2)
niacin (B3)
pantothenic acid
pyridoxine (b6)
folate
cobalamin (b12)
biotin

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2
Q

major action of vit c

A

antioxidant
tissue building
iron absorption

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3
Q

deficiency of vit c

A

scurvy
decreased iron absorption
bleeding gums

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4
Q

major action of b1

A

muscle energy
energy metabolism

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5
Q

major sources of b1

A

meats
grains
legumes

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6
Q

defieciency of b1

A

beriberi
headache
wt loss
fatigue

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7
Q

major action of b2

A

assists w/ realeasing energy from cells

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8
Q

major sources of b2

A

milk
meats
dark leafy veggies

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9
Q

defiecny of b2

A

skin eruptions
cracked lips
red swollen tongue

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10
Q

major action of b3

A

metabolism of fat, glucose, and alc
synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and steroid hormones

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11
Q

major sources of b3

A

liver
nuts
legumes

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12
Q

deficiency of b3

A

pellagra
skin lesions
GI and CNS findings
dementia

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13
Q

major action of panthothenic acid

A

carbs
fat
protein metabolism

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14
Q

major sources of pantothenic acid

A

meats
whole grain cereals
dried peas and beans

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15
Q

defiecieny of pantotheic acid

A

rare
generalized body system failure

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16
Q

what vitamins affect neuro fxn

A

b vitamins

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17
Q

major action of b6

A

cellular fxn
heme and neurotransmitter synthesis

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18
Q

major sources of b6

A

meats
grains
legumes

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19
Q

deficiency of b6

A

macrocytic anemia
cns disturbances
poor growth

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20
Q

major action of folate

A

synthesis of amino acids and hemoglobin
formation of fetal neural tube

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21
Q

major sources of folate

A

liver
green leafy veggies
legumes

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22
Q

deficiency of folate

A

megaloblastic anemia
cns disturbances
fetal neural tube defect
spina bifida

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23
Q

what is pernicious anemia

A

lacks intrinsic factor to absorb vit b12 from diet

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24
b12 major action
folate activation rbc maturation
25
major sources of b12
meats clams oysters eggs dairy
26
defieciency of b12
pernicious anemia gi findings poor muscle coordination parasthesia of hands and feet
27
major action of biotin
fatty acid synthesis amino acid metabolism glucose formation
28
who is at risk for vit b defiecieny
vegans
29
major sources of biotin
eggs milk dark green veggies
30
deficiency of biotin
rare scaly rash hair loss depression fatigue
31
what are the fat soluble vitamins
vit a vit d vit e vit k
32
major actions of vit a
normal visions tissue strength growth and immune system
33
major sources of vit a
orange/yellow fruits and veggies fatty fish dairy
34
deficiency of vit a
reduced night vision dry/thick corneas mucosa change
35
major actions of vit d
maintain blood calcium and phosphorus aid in bone development
36
major sources of vit d
fish fortified fairy egg yolks sunlight
37
deficiency of vit d
low blood calcium fragile bones rickets osteomalacia
38
major actions of vit e
protects vit a from oxidation
39
veggie oils grains nuts dark green veggies
anemia edema and skin lesions in infants
40
major action of vit k
essential for prothrombin (clotting) synthesis aids in bone metabolism
41
what vitamin is antdote to warfarin
vit k
42
major sources of vit k
green leafy veggies eggs
43
deficiency of vit k
increased bleeding times
44
what are minerals
inorganic elements available in an aundance of food sources used at every cellular level for metabolic exchnages
45
what are the major minerals
sodium chloride potassium magnesium calcium phosphorus sulfur
46
major actions of potassium
maintains fluid volume inside cells muscle action
47
major sources of potassium
oranges dried fruits tomatoes avocados dried peas meats broccoli bananas meats whole grains potato
48
findings of potassium deficiency
dysrhythmias muscle cramps confusion more excitable
49
findings of excess potassium
dysrhythmia muscle weakness irritability confusion numbness in extremities more depressed
50
nsg actions for potassium
monitor cardiac status and ECG give oral preparations w/ meals to minimize gi irritation
51
major actions of mag
bone formation catalyst for many enzyme reactions nerve/muscle fxn smooth muscle relaxation
52
major sources of mag
green leafy veggies nuts whole grains tuna halibut chocolate
53
mag deficiency
weakness dysrhythmias convulsions increased bp anorexia
54
excess mag
diarrhea nausea muscle weakness hypotension bradycardia lethargy
55
nsg actions of mag
follow seizure precautions monitor loc and vs
56
major actions of sodium
maintains fluid volume allows muscle contractions contributes to nerve impulses follows h20
57
major sources of sodium
table salt added salts processed foods
58
sodium deficiency
muscle cramping memory loss anorexia
59
sodium excess
fluid retention htn disorientation
60
nsg actions
monitor loc edema bp
61
major actions of chloride
assists w/ intracellular and extracellular fluid balance and aids acid base balance and digestion bond to sodium
62
major sources
table salt added salts processed foods
63
chloride deficiency
rare muscle cramps anorexia
64
excess chloride
vomiting
65
nsg actions chloride
monitor sodium levels
66
is potassium mostly inside or outside the cell
inside
67
major actions of calcium
bone/teeth formation bp clotting nerve transmission
68
major sources of calcium
dairy broccoli kale fortified grains
69
calcium deficiency
tetany postivie chvostek's and trousseaus signs ecg changes osteoporosis in adults poor growth in children
70
excess calcium
constipation renal stones lethargy depressed dtr
71
nsg actions calcium
monitor ecg and resp status give po tabs w/ vit d
72
major actions phosphorus
energy transfer of rna/dna acid-base balance bone and teeth formation
73
major sources of phosphorus
dairy peas meat eggs legume
74
what 2 major minerals have an inverse relationship
calcium and phosphorus
75
excess phosphorus
decreased blood calcium levels
76
nsg action phosphorus
evaluate use of antacids and use of alc impairs fxn
77
when would you see sulfur deficiency
severe malnourishment
78
what are trace minerals also called
micronurtrients
79
major actions of iodine
synthesizes thyroxine
80
major sources of iodine
seafood table salt
81
iodine deficiency
goiter
82
excess iodine
thyrotoxicosis
83
nsg action idoine
monitor for s/s of deficicney or excess
84
major actions of fluoride
forms bond w/ calcium and accumulates in calcified tissue
85
major sources of flouride
flouridated water toothpaste supplements
86
flouride deficiency
dental carrier increased risk for osteoporosis
87
excess flouride
flourosis itching chest pain
88
nsg action flouride
monitor for signs of excess
89
what are all of the trace minerals
iodine fluoride iron
90
major actions of iron
responsible to transport o2 to hemoglovin and myoglobin
91
major sources of iron
heme iron: meat, fish pourltry non-heme: grain, legumes, veggies supplements
92
iron deficiency
anemia menstrucating pt pregnant pt older infants/toddlers
93
excess iron
toxicity
94
nsg action iron
teach to take supplements w/ food food w/ vit c enhances absorption only take supplements if prescribed by provider side effects: n/v/d, constipation, teeth discoloration
95

NUR 230 (16 decks)

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