Flashcards in Vocab Deck (47)
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Apex
Blunt point on the bottom of the heart
1
Atria
Two upper chambers of the heart
(Receiving chambers)
2
Ventricles
Two lower chambers of the heart
(Discharging chambers)
3
Myocardium
Cardiac muscle tissue on the heart chambers
4
Endocardium
Thin layer of very smooth tissue lining the heart chambers
5
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the heart chamber lining
6
Thrombus
Clot
7
Pericardium
Lining of the heart
8
Visceral pericardium
Inner layer of pericardium
(Covers heart like apple skin)
9
Parietal pericardium
Outer layer of pericardium
-fits heart loosely to allow room for heart beating
10
Systole
Contraction of the heart
11
Diastole
Relaxation of the heart
12
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
Two valves that separate the atrial chambers above the ventricles
13
The left AV valve is
Bicuspid
Mitral
Tricuspid
14
Chordae tendinae
Attach the AV valves to the wall of the ventricles
15
Semilunar SL valves
Located between the two ventricular chambers
16
Superior & inferior vena cava
Two large veins that the blood enters through in the right atrium
17
Pulmonary artery
Artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
18
Pulmonary veins
Any vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
19
Aorta
Artery that gives off oxygenated blood to the body
20
What happens when blood goes through the lungs
Oxygen is added and carbon dioxide is lost
21
Coronary circulation
Delivery of oxygen & removal of waste in the myocardium
22
Coronary arteries
Aortas first branches
Supplies blood to the myocardium
23
Embolism
Blood clot that plugs up some part of the coronary artery
24
Myocardial infarction
Death of cardiac muscle cells resulting from inadequate blood supply as in coronary thrombosis
25
Agina pectoris
Describes chest pains that occurs when the myocardium is low on oxygen
26
Coronary bypass surgery
Where veins are taken from other parts of the body to bypass the partial blockage
27
Sinoatrial node
The hearts pacemaker
Where impulse normally starts
28
Atrioventricular node
Small mass of specialized cardiac tissue
29
AV bundle
Fibers in the heart that relay a nerve impulse from the AV node to the ventricles
30
Purkinje fiber
Relays impulses from the AV node to the ventricles causing them to contract
31
Electrocardiogram
Record hearts electrical activity
32
Tunica externa
Outermost layer (arteries & veins)
Made of connective tissue fibers which reinforce the wall of the vessel so that it will not burst under pressure
•thinner in arteries
• thicker in veins
33
Tunica media
Middle layer
•thicker in arteries to push blood out & maintain blood pressure
•thinner in veins of elastic fibrous tissue
34
Tunica intima
Inner layer
Single layer of squamous epithelial cells
35
Precapillary sphincters
Guard the entrances to the capillaries and determine how much blood will flow into each capillary
36
Arteries & arterioles
Distribute blood from the heart to capillaries all over body
•help maintain blood pressure at normal level
37
Venules & veins
Collect blood from capillaries and return it to the heart
•carry blood under lower pressure
38
Capillaries
Functional exchange vessels
39
Systemic circulation
Blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium
40
Pulmonary circulation
Venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium
41
Hepatic portal circulation
The route of blood flow through the liver
42
Blood pressure gradient
The difference between two blood pressures in the body
43
Hypertension
Abnormally high blood pressure
44
Peripheral resistance
Describes any force that acts against the flow of blood I'm a blood vessel
45
Vasomotor mechanism
Factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing the tension of smooth muscle in the vessel walls
46
