Vocab 8 Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
-cule, -cle (-culus, -cula, -culum)
Diminutive Suffixes
A
‘little’
- molecule, muscle, particle
NOTE: -cule can also form adjectives, like miniscule or majuscule
2
Q
-el (-ellus, -ella, -ellum)
Diminutive Suffixes
A
‘little’
- tunnel, scalpel, morsel, lamella, flagellum, capitellum, cerebellum
3
Q
-ette, -et
Diminutive Suffixes
A
‘little’ (of French origin, but attaching to Latin roots)
- statuette, cornet, lancet
4
Q
-il (-illus, -illa, -illum)
Diminutive Suffixes
A
‘little’
- codicil, pupil, fibril, fibrilla, Priscilla, armadillo
5
Q
-ule, -ole, -le (-ulus, -ula, -ulum; -olus, -ola, -olum; -leus, -lea, -leum)
Diminutive Suffixes
A
‘little’
- globule, granule, arteriole, circle, scruple, gladiolus, formula, cupola, capitulum
6
Q
-uncle (-unculus)
Diminutive Suffixes
A
‘little’
- carbuncle, avuncular, furnuncle, pedunculus, ranunculus
7
Q
AC(U)- (acus)
A
‘sharp’, ‘sour’, ‘needle’
- ACU-PUNCT-ure;
- ACU-ol-ate, beset with small
prickles; - ACUTI-COST-al, having projecting
ribs
8
Q
ADIP- (adeps, adipis)
A
‘fat’
- ADIP-os-ity, corpulence, obesity
9
Q
AMBUL- (ambulo)
A
‘to walk’
- AMBLE;
- AMBUL-ance;
- AMBUL-ant or AMBUL-at-ory,
walking or able to walk, designating
a patient not confined to bed but
requiring medical care; - SOMN-AMBUL-ism, sleepwalking
10
Q
ANS- (ansa)
A
‘jug handle’, ‘loop’
- ANSA, loop, as of certain nerves;
- ANSA CERVIC-alis, a nerve loop in
the neck
11
Q
ARE- (area)
A
‘space’
- ARE-ola, any minute interstice or
space in a tissue; or a pigmented ring
surrounding some central point or
space, as a nipple or a pustule, or the
part of the iris enclosing the pupil; - ARE-ol-et, a small areola
12
Q
AUR- (auris)
A
‘ear’
- end-AUR-al, pertaining to the inner
surface or part of the external
auditory canal; - AUR-icle, any ear-like, lobed
appendage, or the external ear, or the
atrium, or anterior chamber, of the
heart
13
Q
CALC- (calx, calcis)
A
‘limestone’, ‘pebble’, ‘calcium’
- CALC-ulus;
- CALCI-COLE, a plant that thrives in
soils rich in calcium salts; - CALCI-FIC-at-ion, the deposition of
lime salts in tissue; - CALC-ar-eous, containing calcium
carbonate (chalky)
NOTE: don’t confuse with the root CALCAR- ‘spur’
and CALC ‘heel’ of Lists 9 and 10.
14
Q
CALL- (callus)
A
‘hard skin’
- CALL-ous, pertaining to an are of
hardened and thickened skin, a
CALLUS; - CORPUS CALLOSUM, a structure
of white matter in the brain
15
Q
CAPS- (capsa)
A
‘box’
- CAPS-ule;
- en-CAPS-ul-at-ion, the process of
surrounding a part with a capsule; - de-CAPS-ul-at-ion, removal of a
capsule or enveloping membrane
16
Q
CAR(N)- (caro, carnis)
A
‘flesh’
- CARN-al;
- CARN-eous, flesh-coloured; in-
- CARN-at-ive, an agent which
produces flesh or promotes
granulation; - CARNI-VOR-ous
17
Q
CED-, CESS- (cedo → cessus)
A
‘to go’, ‘to yield’
- con-CEDE;
- intro-CESS-ion, a depression, as of a
surface; - pro-CESS, a prominence or
outgrowth; - suc-CED-an-eous, relating to or
acting a substitute; pertaining to that
which follows after, as a permanent
tooth replacing a deciduous tooth
18
Q
CRE-, CRESC-, CRET- (cresco → cretus)
A
‘to grow’
- in-CRE-ment;
- CRESC-ent;
- CRESC-endo;
- con-CRESC-ence, a growing
together of the roots of two teeth; - inter-CRESC-ence, a growing into
each other, as of tissue
19
Q
CUT- (cutis)
A
‘skin’
- intra-CUT-aneous, within the skin
substance (applied to the injection of
substances into the skin); - CUT-in, a substance allied to
cellulose found in external layers of
thickened epidermal cells
NOTE: not to be confused with the homonymous
CUT- ‘shake’ of List 9.
20
Q
DEXTR- (dexter, dextri)
A
‘right’ (direction), ‘right hand’
- DEXTRO-DUCT-ion, movement of
the visual axis toward the right
21
Q
DIGIT- (digitus)
A
‘finger’, ‘toe’
- DIGIT-ule, any small, fingerlike
process; - SEX-DIGIT-ate, with six fingers or
toes
22
Q
FA-, FAT- (fare → fatus)
A
‘to speak’
- af-FA-ble;
- in-ef-FA-ble;
- FA-ble;
- in-FA-nt, a child, usually up to two
years (in Latin, literally ‘not
speaking’ or ‘without speech’)
23
Q
FAC- (-FIC-), FACT- (-FECT-) (facio →
factus)
A
‘to do’, ‘to make’
- FACT-ory;
- FACT; FICT-ion;
- ef-FIC-acious, having the power to
bring about a desired effect; - FAC-ul-tat-ive, voluntary, optional;
having the power to do or not do a
thing
24
Q
FIBR- (fibra)
A
‘fibre’
- FIBR-il, a component filament of a
fibre, as of a muscle or a nerve; - FIBR-in, the fibrous, insoluble
protein in the network involved in
blood clotting
25
FID-, FISS- (findo → fidi, fissus)
‘to split’
* FISS-ure;
* FISS-ion;
* FISS-ile, fissionable;
* FISSI-ROSTR-al, with deeply cleft
beak;
* PENTA-FID, divided in five
divisions or lobes
26
FLU-, FLUX- (fluo → fluxum)
‘to flow’
* in-FLU-ence;
* FLU-ency;
* af-FLUX, flow of blood or other
fluid to a part;
* con-FLU-ent, running together, the
opposite of discrete; in anatomy,
coalesced or blended (applied to two
or bones originally separate)
27
FLUVI- (fluvius)
‘river’
* Fluvial
* FLUVI-al-ist, someone who explains
geological and geographical
phenomenon by the action of
existing streams
28
FOLL(I)- (follis)
‘bag’
* FOLLI-cle, a capsular fruit which
opens on one side only, or a cavity or
sheath (as an ovarian or hair follicle),
or a small secretory cavity or sac (as
an acinus or alveolus);
* peri-FOLLI-cul-ar, surrounding a
follicle
NOTE: not to be confused with the similar FOLI-
‘leaf’ of List 6.
29
FORMIC- (formica)
‘ant’
* FORMIC acid, a colourless acid
occurring in ants and some plants;
* FORMIC-IDE, a substance used for
destroying ants;
* FORMIC-at-ion, an abnormal
sensation of insects crawling on the
skin
30
FOSS- (fossa)
‘ditch’, ‘trench’, ‘to dig’
* FOSSA, a pit or trench-like
depression;
* FOSS-ette, a small pit or a socket
containing the base of the antennule
in arthropods;
* FOSS-ori-al, adapted for digging
(applies to the claws and feet of
animals)
31
FUN- (funis)
‘rope’, ‘cord’
* FUN-ic, relating to or originating in
the umbilical cord;
* FUNI-PENDUL-ous, suspended by a
rope or cord
32
GUST- (gusto)
‘to taste’
* dis-GUST;
* GUST-at-ion, the sense of taste, the
act of tasting;
* de-GUST-at-ion, the act of tasting;
* GUSTO-meter, an apparatus used to
determine taste thresholds
33
HAUST- (haurio → haustum)
‘to draw out’, ‘to drink’
* ex-HAUST-ion;
* HAUST-ellum, a proboscis adapted
for sucking;
* HAUST-orium, an organ of certain
parasitic protozoa by which they
attach themselves to the host
34
INSUL- (insula)
‘island’
* INSUL-ate;
* PEN-INSULA; INSULA, that
portion of the cortex overlying the
corpus striatum
* INSUL-oma, a tumour arising from
the cells of the islets of the pancreas;
* INSUL-in, the antidiabetic hormone
arising from the islets of Langerhans
35
JUNCT-, JUG- (iungo → iunctus; jugum)
‘to join’; ‘yoke’
* JUNCT-ion;
* sub-JUG-ate;
* con-JUG-at-ion, the temporary union
or complete fusion of two gametes or
unicellular organisms, or the pairing
of chromosomes;
* dis-JUNCT-ion divergence of paired
chromosomes at anaphase
36
LEV- (laevus)
‘left’ (direction), ‘left hand’
* LEVO-DUCT-ion, movement to the
left, especially of the eye;
* LEVO-GYR-ate or LEVO-ROT-ary,
rotating the plane of polarized light
to the left
NOTE: don’t confuse with homonymous LEV-
‘light’ of List 9.
37
LOC- (locus)
‘place’
* LOC-al; al-LOC-ate;
* LOCO-MOT-ion;
* LOC-ellus, a small compartment of
an ovary;
* BI-LOC-ul-ar, containing two
cavities or chambers
38
LUN(A)- (luna)
‘moon’
* LUN-ate, crescent-shaped;
* SEMI-LUN-ar, half-moon-shaped;
* LUN-ette, the transparent lower
eyelid of snakes
39
MACUL- (macula)
‘spot’, ‘stain’, ‘blot’
* im-MACUL-ate;
* MACULA, a spot or patch of colour,
or a small pit or depression;
* MACULA LUTEA, the yellow spot
on the retina, the point of clearest
vision;
* MACUL-at-ion, the arrangement of
spots on a plant or animal
TIP: the Latin macula became the modern Italian
macchia. English speakers encounter it most when
ordering a macchiato coffee, so-called because it
looks “blotted”
40
MAGN- (magnus)
‘large’, ‘great’
* MAGN-ate;
* MAGN-ANIM-ous;
* MAGNI-LOQU-ent;
* MAGNI-fy, cause to appear larger;
* MAGN-itude, spacial quality or size
41
MAMM- (mamma)
'breast’
* MAMM-al;
* MAMM-il-itis, inflammation of the
* MAM-illa, or nipple
42
MENT- (mens, mentis)
‘mind’
* MENT-at-ion, the mechanism of
thought, mental activity;
* de-MENT-ia, deterioration or loss of
the intellectual faculties, the
reasoning power, etc.
NOTE: not to be confused with the homonymous
MENT- ‘chin’ of List 6.
43
MORT- (mors, mortis)
‘death’
* MORT-al, liable to death or causing
death;
* MORT-al-ity, the quality of being
mortal or the death rate;
* NATI-MORT-al-ity, the proportion
of stillbirths to the general birth rate
44
NERV- (nervus)
‘nerve’, ‘vein of insect wing or leaf’
* TRI-NERV-ate, having three veins
or ribs running from the bast to the
margin of a leaf;
* ab-NERV-al, away from a nerve (of
the direction of an electric current
passing through muscle fibres away
from the point of entrance of a
nerve)
45
NOC-, NOX- (noxa. cf. nocere “to harm”)
‘harm’
* in-NOC-ent;
* NOCI-FENS-or, efferent fibres
which release chemical substances at
their terminals, thus stimulating pain
endings;
* NOCI-per-CEPT-ion, perception of
pain by the central nervous system
46
NOCT- (nox, noctis)
‘night’
* NOCTI-phobia, morbid fear of night;
* per-NOCT-at-ion, staying up all
night;
* NOCT-VAG-ant, going about in the
night, night-wandering
47
OST- (ostium)
‘door’, ‘opening’
* OSTIUM, any mouthlike opening,
such as the opening of the fallopian
tubes;
* OSTI-ole, the opening of a
conceptacle, perithecium, stoma, or
another sac, or the inhalant aperture
of a sponge
NOTE: don’t confuse with Greek root OST- ‘bone’
of List 1.
48
PAR-, PART- (pario → partum)
‘to give birth to’, ‘to produce’
* MULTI-PAR-ous, bearing more than
one offspring at a time;
* BI-PAR-ous, having two young at a
time;
* RAMI-PAR-ous, producing
branches,
* OCTI-PARA, a woman who has
been in labour eight times
49
PART- (pars, partis)
‘part’, ‘to divide’
* PARTI-CIP-ate;
* PART-ic-ul-ar;
* BI-PART-ite, having two parts;
* DIGITI-PART-ite, having leaves
divided in a hand-like pattern
50
PAT- (patior)
‘to spread or lie open’
* PAT-ent, open, exposed;
* pre-PAT-ent period, the period in
parasitic disease between the
introduction of the organism and its
demonstration in the body
51
PECTOR- (pectus, pectoris)
‘breast’, ‘breastbone’
* PECTOR-al, pertaining to the chest,
in the chest region;
* MEDIO-PECTOR-al, applies to the
middle part of the sternum;
* ex-PECTOR-at-ion, ejection of
material from the mouth
52
PED- (pes, pedis)
‘foot’
* PED-al;
* im-PEDE;
* ex-PED-ient;
* PEDI-cel, any slender stalk,
especially one that supports a
fruiting or spore-bearing organ;
* SCUTI-PED, having the foot or part
of the foot covered by scutella
53
PELL- (pellis)
‘skin’
* PELL-icle, a thin skin or film, such
as a film on the surface of a liquid
NOTE: don’t confuse with PEL(L)- ‘push’ of List 10.
54
PEND-, PENS- (pendo → pensus)
‘to hang’, ‘to weigh’, ‘to pay’
* de-PEND;
* im-PEND;
* ex-PENS-ive;
* com-PENS-at-ion, a psychic
phenomenon in which strong of guilt
or inferiority prompt excessive
defensive reactions
55
PET-, PETIT- (peto → petitus)
‘to seek’
* PET-it-ion;
* com-PET-it-ion;
* PET-ul-ant;
* RECTI-PET-al-ity, the tendency to
rectilinear growth;
* ACRO-PET-al, ascending (applies to
leaves, flowers or roots developing
successively from an axis so that the
youngest arise at the apex)
56
PIL- (pilus)
‘hair’
* PIL-ose, hairy, downy;
* PILI-FER-ous, bearing or producing
hair;
* PILI-MIC-at-ion, the passing of
urine containing hairlike filaments
57
PISC- (piscis)
‘fish’
* PISC-ine, of, relating to, having the
characteristics of fish;
* PISCI-VOR-ous, fish-eating
58
PLUM- (pluma)
‘feather’
* PLUMI-GER-ous, feathered;
* PULVI-PLUME, a powder-down
feather
59
PRED- (praeda)
‘prey’
* PRED-at-ism, the habit or practice of
living by predation;
* PRED-acious, preying on other
animals;
* PRED-ac-ity, quality or state of
being predacious
60
PRESS- (premo → pressus)
‘to press’
* de-PRESS-ion,
* im-PRESS-ion,
* re-PRESS,
* op-PRESS-ion;
* de-PRESSO-MOT-or, any nerve
which lowers muscular activity
61
PROPRI- (proprius)
‘one’s own’
* ap-PROPRI-ate;
* ex-PROPRI-ate;
* im-PROPRI-ety;
* PROPRIO-SPIN-al, pertaining
wholly to the spinal cord (applies to
fibres)
62
RACEM- (racemus)
‘cluster of grapes or berries’
* RACEM-ose, arranged in a cluster,
or bearing flowers in clusters;
* RACEM-ic acid, named from its
being found in the juice of grapes
63
RIM- (rima)
‘crack’, ‘chink’
* RIM-ate, having fissures;
* RIM-iform, in the shape of a narrow
fissure;
* BI-RIM-ose, having two clefts or
slits
64
ROD-, ROS- (rodo → rosum)
'to gnaw’
* ROD-ent;
* cor-ROS-ive, a substance which
destroys organic tissue by chemical
means or by inflammation;
* e-ROS-ion, an eating, gnawing or
wearing away
65
ROT- (rota)
'wheel’
* ROT-ate, shaped like a wheel,
rotiform;
* ROT-ul-iform, shaped like a small
wheel;
* MUTA-ROT-at-ion, a change in
optical rotation of solutions of
certain sugars
66
SALI- (-SILI-), SALT- (-SULT-) (salio;
saltus)
‘to leap’, ‘to jump’
* ex-ULT;
* re-SULT;
* con-SULT;
* in-SULT, trauma or other stress to
tissues or organs;
* SALTI-GRADE, moving by leaps as
some insects
67
SEB- (sebum)
‘grease’, ‘tallow’
* SEBUM, the oily secretion of the
SEB-aceous glands which lubricates
and protects the hair and skin;
* SEBO-RRHEA, a disease of the
sebaceous glands, characterized by
an excessive secretion or disturbed
quality of sebum
68
SEC-, SEG-, SECT- (seco → sectus)
‘to cut’
* in-SECT;
* re-SECT-ion, the operation of
cutting out as the removal of a
segment or section of an organ;
* SECT-or-ial, formed or adapted for
cutting, as certain teeth
69
SED- (-SID-), SESS- (sedo; sessus)
‘to sit’, ‘to settle’
* re-SIDE;
* pre-SID-ent;
* SESS-ion;
* in-SESS-or-ial, adapted for perching;
* re-SID-ual, pertaining to that which
cannot be evacuated or discharged
(as residual air in the lungs, residual
urine in the bladder)
70
SENS-, SENT- (sentio → sensum)
‘to feel’, ‘to perceive’
* SENT-ence;
* con-SENT;
* as-SENT;
* dis-SENT;
* SENS-ile, capable of affecting a
sense;
* SENTI-ent, of cells that are sensitive
and perceptive;
* SENS-illa, a small sense organ
71
SET- (seta)
‘bristle’
* SETA, any bristle-like structure, as
the sporophore of liverworts and
mosses;
* SETI-GER, a segment or process
bearing bristles
72
SOL- (sol, solis)
‘sun’
* SOL-arium;
* in-SOL-at-ion, exposure to the sun’s
rays;
* SOL-ASTER-idae, a family of
starfishes, typically brightly coloured
and having numerous arms
73
SOMN- (somnus)
‘sleep’
* SOMNI-FACI-ent, a medicine
producing sleep, a hypnotic;
* SOMNI-FUG-ous, driving away
sleep;
* hyper-SOMN-ia, excessive
sleepiness
74
SORB-, SORPT- (sorbeo)
‘to suck in’
* ab-SORPT-ion, in physiology, the
taking up of fluids or gases through
osmosis and capillarity, or
infiltration into the skin, or
incorporation into the body through
blood and lymph
75
SQUAM- (squama)
‘scale’
* SQUAMI-FER-ous, bearing scales;
* e-SQUAM-ate, having no scales;
* SQUAM-ul-ate, having minute
scales
76
STRING-, STRICT- (stringo → strictus)
‘to draw tight’
* STRICT, stiffly upright, rigid, erect;
* a-STRING-ent, an agent that
produces contraction of organic
tissues or arrests haemorrhage,
diarrhea, etc.
77
TEN- (-TIN-), TENT- (teneo → tentus)
‘to hold’
* TEN-ant;
* con-TIN-uous;
* de-TENT-ion;
* in-con-TIN-ent, not having the
ability to control the natural
evacuations, as the faeces or urine;
* sus-TIN-acul-ar, supporting (applies
to connective tissue acting as a
supporting framework for an organ
NOTE: this one can look like some of the forms of
TEND- ‘stretch’ of List 10.
78
TER(R)- (terra)
‘earth’
* TERR-aneous, applies to land
vegetation;
* TERRI-COL-ous, living in the earth
NOTE: not to be confused with TER- ‘3’ of List 10.
79
TRACT- (traho → tractus)
‘to draw’, ‘to drag’
* TRACT-or;
* at-TRACT-ive;
* dis-TRACT-ile, widely separate
(usually applies to long-stalked
anthers);
* CEPHALO-TRACT-or, obstetric
forceps
80
TUBER- (tuber)
‘swelling’
* TUBER, a thickened, fleshy
underground stem with surface buds;
* TUBER-iform, resembling or shaped
like a tuber;
* TUBER-in, a simple protein of the
globular type which occurs in
potatoes
81
UTER- (uterus)
‘womb’
* UTER-ismus, uterine contraction of
a spasmodic and painful character;
* UTERO-GEST-at-ion, the part of the
gestation period passed in the uterus;
* UTRI-cle or UTRI-culus, an air
bladder of aquatic plants, or the
membranous sac of the ear labyrinth
82
VACU- (vacuus)
‘empty’
* VACUUM;
* VACU-ole, one of the spaces in cell
protoplasm containing air, sap or
partially digested food;
* VACU-ol-is-at-ion, the formation of
vacuoles
83
VAS- (vas)
‘vessel’
* VASE;
* VAS-cul-ar, consisting of or
containing vessels adapted for
transmission or circulation of fluid;
* CARDIO-VAS-cul-ar, pertaining to
the heart and blood vessels;
* VASO-di-LAT-ion, relaxing or
enlarging the vessels
84
VEH-, VECT- (veho → vectus)
‘to carry’
* ad-VEH-ent, afferent, carrying to an
organ;
* con-VECT-ion, a transmission or
carrying, as of heat;
* VECT-or
85
VIT- (vita)
‘life’
* VIT-al, pertaining to or necessary for
life;
* AQUA VITAE, spirit or eau-de-vie
86
VIV- (vivus)
‘living’
* sur-VIVE; VIV-id;
* VIV-acious;
* VIVI-dif-FUS-ion, passage of
diffusible substances from the blood
of a living animal;
* VIV-PAR-ous, bringing forth the
young alive
87
VOR- (voro)
‘to eat’
* VOR-acious;
* HERBI-VOR-ous, living on
vegetable food;
* FUNGI-VOR-ous, fungus-eating
animals and plants;
* in-SECTI-VOR-ous, living on
insects
