Vocabulary 141 final

Question 1

Normal constriction of the pupils when bright light shines on the retina

Answer 1

Pupillary light reflex

Question 2

Reflex direction of the eye toward an object attracting a person’s attention

Answer 2

Fixation

Question 3

Adaptation of the eye for near vision

Answer 3

Accommodation

Question 4

Decrease of the lens ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision

Answer 4

Presbyopia

Question 5

Clumping of proteins in the lens

Answer 5

Cataract formation

Question 6

Increased intraocular pressure

Answer 6

Glaucoma

Question 7

The breakdown of cells in the macula of the retina

Answer 7

Macular degeneration

Question 8

Two different pupil sizes

Answer 8

Anisocoria

Question 9

Dropping of the upper lid

Answer 9

Ptosis

Question 10

When shining a light towards someone’s eyes, the light should be reflected at exactly the same place in both eyes

Answer 10

Corneal light reflex

Question 11

Technique to relax the muscle and enhance response for testing tendon reflex

Answer 11

Reinforcement

Question 12

An excessive passage of urine output

Answer 12

Polyurea

Question 13

Blood in the urine

Answer 13

Hematuria

Question 14

Large proteins found in the urine

Answer 14

Proteinurea

Question 15

Produced by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell production, maturation and prolongs life of mature red blood cells. Patients with chronic kidney infection do not make enough of this hormone, therefore they are prone to anemia.

Answer 15

Erythropoietin

Question 16

Loss of voluntary control of micturition/urination

Answer 16

Reflex incontinence

Question 17

Bladder is overly full and bladder pressure exceeds sphincter pressure, resulting in involuntary leakage of urine. Caused by abnormal stretching of the bladder.

Answer 17

Overflow incontinence

Question 18

Painful, difficult urination

Answer 18

Dysuria

Question 19

Involuntary urination during the night

Answer 19

Enuresis

Question 20

Frequent need to urinate at night (can interfere with sleep and creates a fall risk)

Answer 20

Nocturia

Question 21

A diminished amount of urine output in a given time

Answer 21

Oliguria

Question 22

Inability to urinate even when the bladder is full

Answer 22

Retention

Question 23

Unusually large amounts of urine output

Answer 23

Diuresis

Question 24

Any uncontrolled leakage at any time; not a normal part of aging

Answer 24

Incontinence

Question 25

Involuntary leakage of small amounts

Answer 25

Stress incontinence

Question 26

Leaking large amounts of urine when there is a perceived need to urinate but unable to get to the bathroom in time

Answer 26

Urge incontinence

Question 27

Involuntary, unpredictable passage of urine

Answer 27

Functional incontinence

Question 28

Routine passage of hard, dry stools

Answer 28

Constipation

Question 29

Eye staggers as they move it

Answer 29

Nystagmus

Question 30

The mitral valve does not fully open

Answer 30

Mitral stenosis

Question 31

A condition in which you wake up during the night because you have to urinate

Answer 31

Nocturia

Question 32

A sudden drop in blood pressure when rising to sit or stand

Answer 32

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 33

A swishing sound that occurs with turbulent bloodflow, indicating partial occlusion

Answer 33

Bruit

Question 34

Abnormally elevated heart rate; greater than 100 beats/minutes

Answer 34

Tachycardia

Question 35

Abnormally slow heart rate; less than 60 beats/minutes

Answer 35

Bradycardia

Question 36

The difference between the apical pulse and the radial pulse. Caused from an inefficient contraction of the heart that fails to transmit a pulse to the peripheral pulse.

Answer 36

Pulse deficit

Question 37

An early, late or missed beat; irregular rhythm

Answer 37

Dysrhythmia

Question 38

The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during systole

Answer 38

Stroke volume

Question 39

The amount of blood left in the ventricle at the end of diastole

Answer 39

Preload

Question 40

The resistance to left ventricular ejection

Answer 40

Afterload

Question 41

Decrease of oxygen in the blood

Answer 41

Hypoxemia

Question 42

Increase of carbon dioxide in the blood

Answer 42

Hypercapnia

Question 43

The process involved in supplying the body with oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide

Answer 43

Respiration

Question 44

Air rushes into the lungs as the chest size increases

Answer 44

Inspiration

Question 45

Here is expelled from the lungs as the chest recoils. This is primarily passive.

Answer 45

Expiration

Question 46

Coughing up blood or streaks of blood in sputum

Answer 46

Hemoptosis

Question 47

Shortness of breath

Answer 47

Dyspnea

Question 48

Difficulty breathing when supine; runflat they lose alveoli use

Answer 48

Orthopnea

Question 49

Awakening from sleep with SOB and needing to be upright to achieve comfort

Answer 49

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 50

Excessive sweating

Answer 50

Diaphoresis

Question 51

A palpable vibration

Answer 51

Fremitus

Question 52

A low pitched, clear, hollow sound that predominates in healthy lung tissue

Answer 52

Resonance

Question 53

Rate and breathing is normal but abnormally rapid; greater than 20 breaths per minute

Answer 53

Tachypnea

Question 54

Rate breathing is normal but abnormally slow; less than 12 breaths per minute

Answer 54

Bradypnea

Question 55

Increase in both rate and depth of breathing; normally occurs with extreme expression, fear or anxiety; excessive breathing creates low levels of carbon dioxide in your blood

Answer 55

Hyperventilation

Question 56

Respiratory rate is normally low and depth of ventilation is depressed. The bodies carbon dioxide level rises. This causes a buildup of acid into little oxygen in the blood.

Answer 56

Hypoventilation

Question 57

Heavy breathing increased both in rate in depth; greater than 20 breaths permanent

Answer 57

Hyperpnia

Question 58

Respirations cease for several seconds; can result in respiratory arrest

Answer 58

Apnea

Question 59

Respiration rate and depth are irregular; alternating apnea and hyperventilation

Answer 59

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

Question 60

Respirations are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate

Answer 60

Kussmaul's Respiration

Question 61

Respirations are normally shallow for 2 to 3 breaths followed by irregular period of apnea

Answer 61

Biot's Respiration

Question 62

The movement of gases in and out of the lungs

Answer 62

Ventilation

Question 63

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the red blood cells

Answer 63

Diffusion

Question 64

The distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries

Answer 64

Perfusion

Question 65

The normal rate and depth of ventilation

Answer 65

Eupnea

Question 66

The percent of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen

Answer 66

Oxygen saturation

Question 67

The volume of blood pumped the heart in one minute; normal is 4 to 6 L per minutes

Answer 67

Cardiac output

Question 68

The peripheral arteries constrict limiting blood supply and sending it to a major organ that needs it

Answer 68

Peripheral resistance

Question 69

The volume of blood circulating within the cardiovascular system

Answer 69

Blood volume

Question 70

The thickness of blood affects the ease with which blood flows through small vessels; the hematocrit determines the thickness of blood

Answer 70

Viscosity

Question 71

Percentage of red blood cells in the blood

Answer 71

Hematocrit

Question 72

The stretching of the artery walls; when the vessel wall looses its stretch, it is replaced with fibrous tissue they can't stretch. No stretch equals increased resistance and increased blood pressure

Answer 72

Elasticity