Voice

Question 1

Inhalation

Answer 1

diaphragm contracts for inhalation flattens downward increasing thoracic area and lung volume

Question 2

Tidal volume

Answer 2

normal breathing cycle in and out at rest

Question 3

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 3

air you can inhale beyond the TV

Question 4

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 4

air you can exhale beyond TV

Question 5

Reserve Volume

Answer 5

air in body that we have no access too it just sits there

Question 6

Vital Capacity

Answer 6

all the air you can take in and exhale

Question 7

Thryrohyoid

Answer 7

pulls the larynx up slightly and reduced the space between hyoid bone and the larynx

Question 8

sternohyoid

Answer 8

pulls down on the hyoid and squeezed larynx down

Question 9

sternothyroid

Answer 9

pulls down the larynx

Question 10

omohyoid

Answer 10

pulls down the hyoid together w/ the larynx

Question 11

Digastric

Answer 11

Anterior belly pulls hyoid lifts up and forwardPosterior (hyoid to temporal) belly pulls hyoid up and back

Question 12

Stylohyoid

Answer 12

pulls hyoid up and back

Question 13

mylohyoid

Answer 13

pulls hyoid up and forward

Question 14

geniohyoid

Answer 14

pulls hyoid up and forward

Question 15

interarytenoid

Answer 15

adduct arytenoidsheld adduct vocal folds

Question 16

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 16

adducts vocal processes of the arytenoidsadducts vocal folds

Question 17

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Answer 17

abduct the vocal processes of the arytenoidabduct vocal folds

Question 18

Cricothyroid

Answer 18

lengthen and tense the VFsincreasing pitch

Question 19

Thyroarytenoid

Answer 19

shorten vocal folds and decrease tension decrease pitch

Question 20

pharyngeal branch cn x

Answer 20

resonance e.g. hypo hyper nasality

Question 21

superior laryngeal nerve CNX

Answer 21

movement of the cricothyroidsensation of areas above VFs

Question 22

Recurrent laryngeal nerve CNX

Answer 22

movement of all intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except CTsensation of areas below VFs left RLN is longer than the right RLN

Question 23

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Answer 23

interarytenoid, Lateral cricoarytenoid, Posterior cricoarytenoid, Cricothyroid, Thyroarytenoid

Question 24

VF Histology

Answer 24

epithelium (sausage casing)superficial layer of lamina propria (Jell-o) reinke’s spaceintermediate layer of lamina propria (rubber band)deep layer of lamina propria (cotton thread) ILLP and DLLP Vocal ligamentVocalis muscle (medial portion of TA)

Question 25

jitter

Answer 25

variations in frequency of successive VF vibratory cycles

Question 26

shimmer

Answer 26

variations in amplitude of successive VF vibratory cycles

Question 27

mean flow rate

Answer 27

amount of air passing through the glottis per second; higher if the VF aren't closing

Question 28

subglottal pressure

Answer 28

how much air can you keep under the VF without blowing them apart; lower if the VF aren't closing

Question 29

glottal resistance

Answer 29

the force that can hold the air under the VFs; weaker if the VF aren't closing

Question 30

puberphonia

Answer 30

symptoms:instable falsetto high pitch breathy (male) juvenile immature quality (female)tx: eliciting low-pitch voice cough-phonation

Question 31

dysphonia/aphonia

Answer 31

symtptoms: excessive muscle tension, VF adduct/abduct hyperfunctiontx:eliciting phonation, increasing intensity; masking listen to music and talk

Question 32

Somatization Dysphonia

Answer 32

symptoms: dysphonia and additional complaints of paintx: refer to counseling, psychiatric management

Question 33

Muscle Tension Dysphonia MTD

Answer 33

symptoms: consistent symptoms across tasks e.g. strained/ strangle quality, lacking breathtx:reduce tension yawn-sigh, laryngeal massage

Question 34

Traumatic Laryngitis

Answer 34

symptoms: low-pitch, hoarse, breathy, strainedtx: voice rest

Question 35

Reinke's Edema

Answer 35

etiology: smokingsymptom: fluid filled lesion in SLLP superficial layer lamina propriatx: surgery, vocal hygiene

Question 36

polyp

Answer 36

etiology: vocal overuse symptoms:roughness, breathiness, voice/pitch breaks, or diplophonia tx: surgery, post op voice therapy Grows from active blood supply

Question 37

nodules

Answer 37

etiology: vocal abusesymptoms: breathy strained low pitch; hourglass glottal closure; anterior 1/3 posterior 2/3tx: surgery, voice therapy

Question 38

laryngomalacia

Answer 38

soft epiglottissymptom: stridortx: education if no impairment, surgery if impairment

Question 39

Congenital Webbing

Answer 39

Embryonic development Stridor, high pitch cry, shortness of breath Surgical separation if necessary

Question 40

Acquired Webbing

Answer 40

Scaring from surgery Mostly anterior Surgical if necessary

Question 41

Contact ulcer

Answer 41

Smoking and acid reflux Cup and saucer appearance Posterior larynx

Question 42

Cyst

Answer 42

Fluid filled sacs from blocked mucosal gland ducts | Egg like white oval