voice lecture 3

Question 1

extrinsic muscles

Answer 1

• paired muscles; referred to as the strap muscles of the neck
• stabilized the laryngeal neck posture
• raises and lowers the larynx

Question 2

intrinsic muscles

Answer 2

-these muscles control pitch and loudness as well as quality of voice

Question 3

suprahyoids

Answer 3

laryngeal elevators (come from up above)

Question 4

infrahyoids

Answer 4

laryngeal depressors (come to hyoid from below)

Question 5

what are the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 5

digastric
mylohyoid
stylohyoid
geniohyoid

Question 6

what are the infra hyoid muscles

Answer 6

sternohyoid
omohyoid
thryohyoid
sternothryoid

Question 7

Digastric

Answer 7

anterior: originates from interior aspect of the mandible and inserts to a tendon in the hyoid bone (pulls hyoid bone forward and raises it)
posterior: originates from the mastoid process (pulls hyoid bone backward and raises it)

Question 8

mylohyoid

Answer 8

the muscle forms the floor of the mouth. fibers originate from medial aspect of the mandible at the symphysis near the last molar
(raises the hyoid bone and pulls it forward)

Question 9

stylohyoid

Answer 9

-long muscle; originates at the stylloid process of the temporal bone
(raises hyoid bone and pulls its backwards; elevates and retracts the hyoid and the larynx)

Question 10

geniohyoid

Answer 10

-originates from the medial aspect of the mandible at the interior medial aspect (chin)
(raises the hyoid bone and pulls it backward)

Question 11

sternohyoid

Answer 11

-strap muscle and lies on the anterior surface of the neck

on contraction lowers the hyoid cartilage

Question 12

omohyoid

Answer 12

narrow, long muscle;located on the anterolateral surface of the neck (on contraction it pulls the hyoid inferiorly(lower))

Question 13

thyrohyoid

Answer 13

located in the anterior neck deep

on contraction raises larynx and decreases distance between thyroid and hyoid

Question 14

sternothyroid

Answer 14

located in the anterolateral aspect of the neck

on contraction it depresses the thyroid cartilage

Question 15

intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 15

• paired muscles; both origin and insertion are inside larynx; control pitch, loudness and quality of voice
• shape glottis; act as tensors to elongate and tighten vocal folds; act as relaxers to shorten the vocal folds and oppose tensors
• controls vibratory nature of vocal folds
• abducts (opens) the vocal folds; separate the arytenoids and vocal folds for respiration
• adducts (closes) the vocal folds; bring the artyenoids together to protect the airway and for phonation; control medial compression, the degree of force in bringing vocal folds together

Question 16

what are the 5 intrinsic muscles

Answer 16

1. thyroarytenoid
2. posterior cricoarytenoid
3. lateral cricoarytenoid
4. interarytenoid
5. cricothyroid

Question 17

thyroidarytenoid

Answer 17

• muscle of the vocal fold; adductor(closes); tensor; and relaxer; fan shaped
• lowers , shortens, thickens, stiffens body of vocal fold
• two parts: thyromuscularis and thyrovocalis

Question 18

posterior cricoarytenoid

Answer 18

• only abductor (opens) muscle of the larynx; protects the airways
• elevates, elongates, thins, stiffens all layers of vocal folds; abuducts vocal folds; involved in breathing

Question 19

lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 19

• antagonist to posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
• lowers,elongates, things (stiffens all layers of vocal fold)
• adductor (closes) vocal folds; can act as a relaxer; slightly fan shaped; located deep to the thyroid cartilage
• contracting unopposed it will shape glottis for a whisper

Question 20

interarytenoid

Answer 20

-adductor (closes); located on the interior surface of the arytenoid cartilage; function to approximate the arytenoid cartilages; has a role in mediating compression of vocal folds; may serve to depress the epiglottis during swallowing

Question 21

what are the 2 parts of the interarytenoid

Answer 21

1. oblique

2. transverse

Question 22

cricothyroid

Answer 22

• broader superiorly than inferiorly; also fan shaped; only other muscle than cricoarytenoid that tenses or elongates the vocal folds (which is necessary to increase pitch)
• lowers; stretches, elongates, thins; stiffens all layers of vocal folds
• originates from the anterolateral arch of the cricoid cartilage

Question 23

What are the adductors of the intrinsic muscles?

Answer 23

CLOSE

• interarytenoids
• lateral cricoarytenoids

Question 24

what are the abductors of the intrinsic muscles

Answer 24

OPEN

-posterior cricoarytenoids

Question 25

what are the glottal tensors of the intrinsic muscles

Answer 25

``` ELONGATION & INCREASE TENSION -cricothryroid muscle -thyrotenoids: thryomuscularis thryovocalis ```

Question 26

what are the glottal relaxers

Answer 26

- thyroarytenoids | - lateral cricoarytenoids