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Step 2 CK > Vol. 1 > Flashcards

Vol. 1 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What are GI alarm sxs?

A

Melena, hematemesis, anemia, persistent vomiting, weight loss, dysphagia/odynophagia

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2
Q

Bad prognostic GI risk factors

A

Male >age 50 with chronic (>5 yrs) sxs

Tobacco use

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3
Q

Small-Intestine bacterial overgrowth sxs

A

Abd. bloating, flatulence, diarrhea

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4
Q

Bac. overgrowth dx

A

jejunal aspirate >10^5 organisms/mL

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5
Q

Progression of DM nephropathy

A
  1. Glomerular hyperfiltration
  2. Thickening of GBM
  3. Mesangial Expansion
  4. Nodular Sclerosis
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6
Q

steroid induced folliculitis

A

looks like pimples but no comedones. found on face, trunk, and extremities

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7
Q

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura pathophys

A

IgA mediated, leading to IgA nephrpathy

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8
Q

HSP labs

A

Nl plts, coags, nl to Inc. Cr, hematuria +/- RBC casts +/- proteinuria

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9
Q

HSP tx

A

supportive (NSAIDs and hydration)

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10
Q

HSP cause

A

after mild infection

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11
Q

HSP sxs

A

arthralgias, colicky abd. pain, renal dz, ?dependent purpura

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12
Q

Hep B and nephrotic

A

Membranous nephropathy

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13
Q

PCOS tx

A

First line: Weight loss + Combo OCTs for hyperandrogenism by blocking LH. Add metformin

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14
Q

S. bovis is also

A

Strep gallolyticus. Colorectal CA.

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15
Q

PMS sxs

A

bloating, fatigue, headaches, and breast tenderness that begin 1-2 week prior to menses and go away when menses start

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16
Q

Chagas dz cause

A

Trypanosoma cruzi. Protozoal

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17
Q

Chagas dz sxs

A

megaesophagus, megacolon, and cardiomegaly

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18
Q

When to biopsy for AUB

A

Persistent sxs, age >45, RFs for endometrial cancer

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19
Q

SBO sxs

A

N/V
Abd. bloating
Dilated loops on X-ray

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20
Q

Beck’s Triad

A

Distant Heart Sounds
Distended Jugulars
Hypotension

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21
Q

Which drug for hyperthyroidism

A

Use methimazole, PTU associated with hepatic failure risk

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22
Q

Intrahepatic cholestasis dz

A

PBC

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23
Q

Midgut Volvulus sxs

A

Neonate (

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24
Q

Tx for spontaneous abortion

A

Expectant management, but if hemodynamically unstable do D&E

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25
Spontaneous abortion and Misoprostol?
can use??
26
Craniopharyngioma appareance on mri
cystic calcified parasellar mass
27
Craniopharyngioma tx
surgery
28
Craniopharyngioma sxs
young boy with inc. ICP and bitemporal hemianopsia
29
epiglottitis bugs
H. flu and Strep pyo
30
diffuse esophageal spasm on x-ray
corkscrew esophagus, nl LES tone
31
MEN1 diseases
Pituitary adenomas, Gastrinomas, and Primary PTH
32
MEN2a diseases
Pheochromocytomas, Medullary Thyroid Ca, Parathyroid adenoma
33
MEN2b diseases
Pheos, Medullary Thyroid Ca, Marfanoid habitus and neuromas
34
Hydatid cyst cause
Echinococcus granulomas
35
Hydatid cyst source
Dogs, also from sheep?
36
Hydatid cyst appearance
Cystic, unilocular cysts with eggshell calcifications
37
Hydatid cyst tx
Surgically resect under albendazole to prevent anaphylactic shock
38
Hydatid cyst vs. Amebic liver abscess
Ameba have fever, RUQ pain, no eggshell calcifications on CT
39
When to tx COPD
PaO2
40
Meniere's sxs
Low freq., sensorineural hearing loss Tinnitus Vertigo
41
Meniere's prevention
Avoid alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, high salt foods
42
Meniere's tx
low salt diet
43
Follicular thyroid CA under microscope
looks like follicular adenoma, only difference is invasion of capsule and blood vessels
44
Follicular thyroid CA spread
hematogenous, to lung, brain, and bone
45
Follicular thyroid CA encapsulated or not?
Encapsulate
46
Papillary Thyroid CA epi
MCC thyroid CA
47
Papillary Thyroid CA spread
lymphatic, lymph nodes
48
Papillary Thyroid CA histo
large cells with ground glass, pale nuclei with inclusion bodies. These cells look Nasty
49
Papillary Thyroid CA prog.
very good
50
Papillary Thyroid CA encapsulated?
Unencapsulated
51
Papillary Thyroid CA key histo sign
Psammoma Bodies
52
Medullary Thyroid CA secretes
Calcitonin
53
Hurthle Cells and Thyroid CA
Either follicular or papillary CAs.
54
Hurthle Cell CA
variant of Follicular Cell CA
55
primary amenorrhea
no menses by age 15
56
tx for rosacea
metronidazole topical
57
Major depression dx
>/= 5 of 9 SIGECAPS including anhedonia or bad mood for >2 wks
58
Kartagener's triad
Situs inversus, Recurrent sinusitis, Bronchiectasis
59
Preeclampsia definition
New-onset elevated BP at >20 wks gestation AND proteinuria OR end-organ damage
60
Elevated BP before 20 wks gestation =
Preexisting HTN
61
Gestational HTN
HTN >20 wks, so like preeclampsia, but no significant proteinuria
62
Elevated BP in pregnancy causes
Placental abruption, IUGR, preterm birth, C-section inc. rates
63
Cri-du-Chat deletion
5p deletion
64
Wolf-Hirschorn mutation
deletion of 4p
65
Wolf-Hirschhorn appearance
Greek helmet facies
66
DiGeorge Syndrome mutation
22q11.2 deletion
67
DiGeorge Syndrome mnemonic
CATCH-22
68
CATCH-22 stands for
Conotruncal cardiac defects, abn. facies, thymic aplasia/hypoplasia, cleft palate, hypocalcemia
69
Pericardial knock cause and sound
Constrictive pericarditis: sounds like middiastolic sound

Step 2 CK (6 decks)

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