Voluntary Movement

Question 1

the 1st step in voluntary movement

Answer 1

Select a response that will achieve the desired goal of the movement by rapidly analysing all the possible responses and choosing the best one.

Question 2

the 2nd step in voluntary movement

Answer 2

Work out how the movement will physically happening. This includes planning and selecting the sequence of muscle contraction needed.

Question 3

the 3rd step in voluntary movement

Answer 3

Carry out the movement by activating the necessary motor neurons.

Question 4

Basal Ganglia location

Answer 4

a group of structures located between the two hemispheres of the brain.

Question 5

What does the basal ganglia do?

Answer 5

• receives input from the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes
• enables voluntary movement by operating a complex feedback loop
• acts to block movement that doesn’t help achieve that end goal.

Question 6

Cerebellum location

Answer 6

In the hindbrain

Question 7

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 7

Remembers and coordinates smooth well-sequenced movements that are previously learnt by integrating information about movement from other brain areas.

Question 8

Does the cerebellum directly initiate movement?

Answer 8

No, but it ensures accurate and smooth execution

Question 9

Primary motor cortex location

Answer 9

Back of the frontal lobe

Question 10

What does the primary motor cortex do?

Answer 10

• responsible for movement of voluntary skeletal muscles
• activates neural impulses that execute voluntary movement
• the amount devoted to different body parts is proportional to the number of neurons needed to move them

Question 11

Damage to the basal ganglia

Answer 11

• trouble starting or sustaining movement
• may be problems with memory or other thought processes
• involuntary or slowed movements

Question 12

Damage to the cerebellum

Answer 12

• interference with balance, timing, accuracy or coordination of movements (ataxia)
• inability to judge distance or perform rapid alternating movements
• movement tremors

Question 13

Damage to the motor cortex

Answer 13

• damage to the right motor cortex will result in inability to move left body parts and vice versa (paralysis)
• loss of fine motor skills (writing, speaking)
• the specific movement affects depend on the area of the motor cortex damaged