✅Vowel Production

Question 1

Are vowels voiced or voiceless?

Answer 1

Voiced

Question 2

Do articulators constrict in the oral cavity?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

Can sound be sustained when producing vowels?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What are vowels described as?

Answer 4

The nucleus of syllable

Question 5

How does ogden (2010) describe vowels?

Answer 5

Vowels are syllabic sounds made with free passage of air down the mid-line of the vocal tract, usually with a convex tongue shape, and without friction

Question 6

How does ladefoged 1996 define vowels?

Answer 6

Vowels are defined by the physiological characteristic of their having no obstruction in the vocal tract, and by their function within a phonologically defined syllable

Question 7

Describe monophthongs?

Answer 7

Constant, unchanging sound quality

Question 8

Describe diphthongs

Answer 8

Gradually changing articulation

Question 9

What are the places of tongue backness?

Answer 9

Front
Central
Back

Question 10

What are the three stages of tongue height?

Answer 10

High
Mid
Low

Question 11

What is another way of describing front - back?

Answer 11

Palatal - velar

Question 12

What is the vowel space shape?

Answer 12

Quadrilateral

Question 13

How do you describe a vowel?

Answer 13

Lips, tongue height, tongue backness

Question 14

How many primary cardinal vowels are there?

Answer 14

8

Question 15

What happens when symbols appear in pairs?

Answer 15

The one to the right represents a rounded vowel

Question 16

Who created the cardinal vowel system?

Answer 16

Daniel Jones

Question 17

What us fixed in the primary cardinal vowels?

Answer 17

Auditory quality

Question 18

Describe the first anchor point? (I)

Answer 18

Highest front vowel
Tongue as high and forward and possible
Lips spread

Question 19

Describe the second anchor point? C[

Answer 19

Mostly open back vowel
Tongue as low and back as possible
Lips spread

Question 20

What are the three more reference points at the Front of the vowel space?

Answer 20

e, a, 3

Question 21

What are the 3 other reference points at the back?

Answer 21

O, c, u

Question 22

What is the 3rd group of vowels called? (Schwa etc)

Answer 22

Spare/ floating

Question 23

Why do most accents differ?

Answer 23

Due to vowel production

Question 24

What are vowels produced with?

Answer 24

OPEN approximation.

Question 25

What do we refer to the area of vowel production in the oral cavity?

Answer 25

The Vowel Space

Question 26

How do describe the position of the tongue in vowel production? ( 3 Steps)

Answer 26

1. HORIZONTAL (is tongue at front or back of vowel space) 2. VERTICAL (is tongue at the top or bottom of vowel space) 3. LIPS (are they rounded or unrounded)

Question 27

When was the CVS devised?

Answer 27

Around the time of the 1st world war

Question 28

Other than the CVS how can we ascertain vowel production?

Answer 28

X-ray photography and Ultrasound

Question 29

Where are the primary cardinal vowels produced?

Answer 29

all produced at the periphery of the vowel space

Question 30

The vowel space sits underneath what parts of the mouth?

Answer 30

Hard palate and velum

Question 31

The 8 reference vowels defined by Daniel Jones are called?

Answer 31

The Cardinal Vowel System

Question 32

What is the term used to describe the height of the tongue in the vowels: /i/ and /u/?

Answer 32

Close

Question 33

What articulators are involved in vowel production?

Answer 33

Tongue and lips

Question 34

Where about in the vowel space is the tongue for the vowels /a/ /e/ and /i/?

Answer 34

Front

Question 35

The vowels /i u e a o/ can all be referred to as?

Answer 35

Primary Cardinal Vowels

Question 36

Ladefoged analysed X-rays of the vowel production of the primary cardinal vowels and found that the front vowels were produced equidistantly, what did he find out about the back vowels?

Answer 36

The tongue is at the same height for cardinal 6&7

Question 37

A diphthong can be described as?

Answer 37

a constantly changing vowel where the beginning and the end are different

Question 38

A monopthong can be described as?

Answer 38

A vowel of constant quality, unchanging

Question 39

What are the three types of lip position in vowel production?

Answer 39

Spread, neutral and rounded