CISC110 > VT Chapter 1 > Flashcards

VT Chapter 1 Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Mainframe

A

Large computers that can perform millions of transactions in a day.
Replaced By Enterprise servers.
Allows thousands of users to utilize the system concurrently.

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2
Q

Wearable

A

Computer worn on the body

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3
Q

Convergence

A

Multi function devices that can do the job of many separate devices.
AKA Integration.

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4
Q

Computers use the ________ system AKA the _________.

A

Binary Number

Base 2

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5
Q

Desktop Computer

A

personal computer that fits into a work space.

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6
Q

Microprocessor

A 
AKA CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Complex integrated circuit that contains processing circuitry which controls all functions performed by other components and process all commands.
Brain of the computer.
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7
Q

Moore’s Law

A

The number of transistors that could be placed on an integrated circuit will double every two years.
Today it is closer to every 18 months.

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8
Q

SIM Card

A

Subscriber Identity Module

Identifies the phone, account info, cellular carrier

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9
Q

Raw Data

A

Numbers, words, pictures and sounds that represent facts about people,events, things or ideas.

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10
Q

First Generation Computers

A

Used vacuum tubes and manual switches to process data.

1930s and 1940s.

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11
Q

Netbook

A

smallest type of notebook designed primarily for internet access.

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12
Q

What does the IPC stand for? What does it do?

A

Information Processing Cycle.

Converts raw data into useful information.

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13
Q

Embedded Computer

A

Specialized computer that is part of another device.

Example: gas pump or traffic light

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14
Q

Convertible Notebook

A

Has a screen that can swivel to fold into what resembles a notepad or tablet. Includes a touch screen.

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15
Q

Transistors

A

Tiny electronic switches

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16
Q

Personal Computer (PC)

A

Small microprocessor base computer used by one person at a time.

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17
Q

Third Generation Computers

A

Used multiple integrated circuits.

1960s

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18
Q

Integrated Circuits

A

Chips that contain large numbers of tiny transistors fabricated into a semi conducting material called silicon.

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19
Q

Server

A

Provide services such as internet access, email, or file and print services to client systems such as your home or office computer.

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20
Q

ENIAC

A

Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer.
Built at University of Pennsylvania
1943-1946
First working, digital, general purpose computer.

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21
Q

Describe how computers represent data using binary codes

A

A single bit has two states on (1) or off (0).

Digital data is represented by 8-bit binary code.

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22
Q

A supercomputer can consist of __________ or can be a ___________.

A

Single computer with multiple processors

Group of computers that work together

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23
Q

All-In-One Computer

A

compact desktop computer with an integrated monitor and system unit.

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24
Q

Bytes (B) are used to

A

Measure file size and storage capacity.

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25
Unicode
Internet standard. Most common extension of ASCII. Codes for most written languages, mathematical systems and special characters.
26
Multiuser Computers
Systems that allow multiple simultaneous users to connect to them. More powerful than personal computers.
27
Ergonomics
The study of the relationship between workers and their work spaces.
28
Turing Test
Test a machine's ability to display intelligent behavior.
29
Who is the father of Computer Science and AI?
Alan Turing
30
Ada Lovelace wrote a program for the Analytical Engine to calculate a series of ________.
Bernoulli Numbers (a sequence of rational numbers used in number theory)
31
Client
A device that connects to or requests services from a server.
32
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. 1960s. 7 bit system. 128 Characters.
33
Geocaching
An electronic scavenger hunt played around the world.
34
Distributed computing using a group of computers in one location is called ___________.
Grid Computing.
35
Turing Machines
Machines that could perform mathematical computations.
36
Volunteer Computing
Harness the idle processing power of hunders or thousands of personal computers.
37
Who designed the Analytical Engine? When?
Charles Babbage | Early 19th century.
38
Supercomputers
Expensive computer systems designed to perform a limited number of tasks as quickly as possible.
39
Operating System
Software the provides the user an interface to communicate with the hardware and software on a computer.
40
Binary Code
Represents digital data as a series of 0's and 1's that can be understood by a computer.
41
A byte represents
One character.
42
Smartphones
Small computers that combine a cellular phone with features such as email, internet, digital camera and mapping tools. Can download additional mobile apps.
43
Bit
Smallest unit of digital data. | Short for binary digit.
44
Second Generation Computers
Used transistors. | 1950s-1960s
45
8 bits =
1 byte
46
Ubiquitous Computing
Ubicomp AKA invisible computing Technology becomes part of the environment Ex: Smart home
47
Binary Number System has how many digits?`
2
48
Workstation
High end desktop computer or one that is attached to a network in a business setting.
49
4 steps of IPC
Input Processing Storage Output
50
Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Aircraft piloted by onbaord computers or remote control. | Ex: drones
51
Who is considered to be the first computer programer?
Ada Lovelace (mathematician)
52
Distributed Computing
Distributes the processing of a task across a group of computers.
53
GPS
Global Positioning System Satellite based navigation system Atleast 24 satellites
54
Mobile Devices
portable handheld computers
55
Ubiquitous
Existing or being present everywhere
56
Notebook (laptop)
portable personal computer
57
Smart Homes
lighting, camera, security and entertainment are automated.
58
Video Game System
Computer designed primarily to play games
59
Analytical Engine could be programmed using _________.
Punch cards
60
Artificial Intelligence
Science of making computers behave like humans
61
Mobile Payment Systems
Using a mobile device rather than cash or credit to pay for items
62
Game Controller
Device used to interact with a video game
63
Grace Hopper coined the term ________ while working on the _________.
Bug | Harvard Mark 1
64
Internet of Things (IoT)
Connection of the physical world and the internet. Something controlled remotely via a web browser or mobile app. Ex: Smart thermostat
65
Computer
Programmable machine that converts raw data into useful information.
66
Explain the functions of a computer
Converts raw data into information using the IPC. | Can be programmed to perform different tasks.
67
Tablet
Handheld mobile device with an LCD screen
68
Bits (b) are used to
measure data transfer rates | ex: internet connection
69
Explain the functions of a computer
A computer is a device that converts raw data into useful information using the IPC. Computers can be programmed to perform different tasks.
70
The _______ is a measure of a computer's ability to display intelligent behavior.
Turing Test
71
First generation computers used ________ to process data.
vacuum tubes
72
A _______ is a complex integrated circuit that contains the CPU of a computer
Microprocessor
73
What is the binary code that can represent most currently used language characters and is the standard used on the Internet?
Unicode
74
What are desktop computers attached to a network in a business setting called?
Workstation
75
What type of portable computer is thin and light, has high-end processing and video capabilities, and a 13-15 inch screen?
Sub notebook
76
______ consists of 24 satellites that transmit signals to determine the receiver's current location, time, and velocity through triangulation of the signals.
GPS
77
_______ perform complex mathematical calculations, such as those used in weather forecasting and medical research.
Supercomputers
78
_______ is a field of study in which information technology is applied to the field of biology.
Bioinformatics
79
A computer is a programmable machine that converts raw _____ into useful _______.
Data, Information
80
The ________ was a mechanical computer designed, but not built, in the early 19th century by mathematician Charles Babbage.
Analytical Engine
81
________ is the branch of science concerned with making computers behave like humans
Artificial Intelligence.
82
Developed in the 1960s, _______ are chips that contain large numbers of tiny transistors fabricated into a semiconducting material called silicon
Integrated Circuits
83
________ design creates a work environment designed to reduce illnesses and musculoskeletal disorders
Ergonomics
84
______ is a system that represents digital data as a series of 0s and 1s that can be understood by a computer.
Binary Code
85
A ______ consists of 8 bits and is used to represent a single character in modern computer systems
Byte
86
_______ are computers that provide services, such as Internet access, email, or file and print services, to client systems.
Server
87
________ shares the processing of a task across a group of computers.
Distributed computing
88
A _______ is a network for delivering electricity to consumers that includes communication technology to manage electricity distribution efficiently.
Smart Grid.

CISC110 (10 decks)

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