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vulva, vagina, cervix Flashcards

Describe endocervical polyps Describe common diagnostic methods for cervicitis Define the T-zone and its impact on cervical pathology Describe PAP smears (how they work and what selected diagnoses look like) Describe HPV and its role in squamous dysplasia \ carcinoma (Applies to vulva and vagina as well) Describe lichen sclerosis and lichen simplex chronicus as it presents in the vulva Describe Paget’s disease and vulvar melanoma as they present in the vulva, and ways to tell them apart D (48 cards)

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1
Q

non-neoplastic growth from the endocervix

A

endocervical polyp

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2
Q

why endocervical polyps are clinically importanr

A

can mimic malinancy and cause postcoital bleeding

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3
Q

how to diagnose acute cervicitis

A

DNA probe tests for gonorrhea or chlamydia, wet mount for trichomonas

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4
Q

how to diagnose chronic cervixitis

A

biopsy shows lymphoid follicles

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5
Q

normal cause of chronic cervicitis

A

chlamydia

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6
Q

“transformation zone” def

A

area where new squamous and mucinous epithelium in the cervix comes from

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7
Q

why the T-zone is important

A

comminly infected by HPV, giving rise to dysplasia

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8
Q

cause of all squamous dysplasia in the cervix

A

HPV

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9
Q

risk factors for cervical dysplasia

A

same as STD (early sex, multiple partners, early pre, smoking, immunosupression, OCP, vit deficiencies)

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10
Q

low risk HPV serotype

A

6,11

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11
Q

high risk HPV type

A

16,18

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12
Q

big risk for vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal cancaers

A

HPV 16,18

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13
Q

HPV E4 gene does what

A

encodes for protein that binds and disrupts cytokeratin network

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14
Q

HPV E6/E& genes do what

A

disable tumor supressors - leading to cell immortality

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15
Q

E6 binds to

A

p53

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16
Q

E7 binds to

A

RB

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17
Q

proteins in the 16,18 HPV

A

E6, E7

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18
Q

“raisin” cells

A

kolilcytes - low grade squamous epithelial lesion (LGSIL)

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19
Q

small cells with enlarged dark nucleus and scant cytoplasm

A

high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions

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20
Q

important about the appearance of high grade lesions

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A

if they are in a pap smear they have reached the top of the cervical epithelium

21
Q

atypical mitotic figures, nuclear crowding, near or total lack of maturation

Study These Flashcards
A

HGSIL CIN III

22
Q

marked nuclear pleomorphism, dirthy backround, orange keratin cells

Study These Flashcards
A

squamous cell carcinoma

23
Q

histological definition of cervical SCC

Study These Flashcards
A

when cells invade stroma

24
Q

nests of keratin under the cervical surface

Study These Flashcards
A

invasive carcinoma of the cervix

25
cause of 90% of invasive cervical cancers
HPV
26
most often kind of invasive cervcal cancer
SCC
27
smooth white "cigarrette paper" plaques,strophic stiff labia, constriction of vaginal orifice
lichen sclerosis
28
cause of lichen simplex chronicus
itch-scratch cycle
29
causes of lichen simplex chronicus
dermatitis, infectious processes, other inflammatory
30
histological charicteristics of lichen simplex chronicus
hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, acanthosis
31
cause of condyloma acuminatum
HPV 6 and 11
32
branching architecture, koilcytosis, hyper/parakeratosis, aconthosis
condyloma acuminatum
33
big player in high grade vulvar lesions
HPV 16
34
def of high grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia
SC dysplasia of the vulva affecting most layers of epithelium, but w/o stromal invasion
35
most common site of extramammary paget's
vulva
36
solitary or multiple well demarcated foci of red crusted areas
extramammary paget's
37
why extramammary paget's is hard to excise
microscopically extends past grossly evident lesion
38
histologic dx of extramammary paget's
mucin stain
39
large pleomorphic cells surrounded by abundant pale cytoplasm
extramammary paget's
40
ddx of extramammary paget's
vulvar melanoma
41
s-100 protein
vulvar melanoma
42
prognosis of vulvar melanoma
poor
43
why vulvar melanoma has poor outomes
often lesion is non-pigmented
44
HPV strain causing vaginal cancer
HPV 16
45
risk group for vaginal cancer
over 60
46
most cases of vaginal cancer are from
cervical cancer
47
"cluster of grapes", mostly in kids
sarcoma botryoides
48
DES chemical =
risk for clear cell adenocarcinoma

GU (12 decks)

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