W1 intro brain

Question 1

Historical perspective mind-body problem

Answer 1

Dualism
Dual-aspect theory
Reductionalism

Question 2

Dualism

Answer 2

body is separate from the mind
- body - physical and mortal
- mind - non-physical and immortal
interact at the pineal gland

Question 3

dual-aspect theory

Answer 3

mind and brain are different properties of same thing
mental properties - emergent = mind emerges from the brain

but not fully explained by lower-level brain components

Question 4

reductionism

Answer 4

memory, attention eventually replaced by biological descriptions

neuroscience

Question 5

cognitive =

Answer 5

Area of psychology that studies mental processes

thinking, memory, attentinon, perception
encode, store, use information

Question 6

working memory

Answer 6

central executive
- phonological loop
- visuospatial sketchpad
- episodic buffer

Question 7

Neuroscience =

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 7

study of nervous system, function and structure

cog neuro = brain-based account of cognition

Question 8

Visual search

cognitive model

Answer 8

stimuli into visual system
non-selective pathway

Question 9

Visual search through neuroscience

neurobiology

Answer 9

visually guided eye movements = saccades
visual areas
visual maps (Lateral intraP C), FEF frontal eye fields
SC - superior colluculus - decisions of motor responses

Question 10

What is a neuron?

how many in human brain, how develop

Answer 10

= a nervous system cell, communicate directly with other cells

86 billion, more through neurogenesis

Question 11

Parts of neuron

Answer 11

• cell body - soma
• dendrites attatched to body (pick up signal)
  axon tail
  myelin sheath - speed and contain nerve impulse

Question 12

synapse is

axons =, dendrites =

Answer 12

s = where axons and dendrites meet
- axons = SEND electrical signal away from cell body
- dendrites = RECEIVE signals by chemical signal (neurotransmitters)

Question 13

signals are

Answer 13

action potential

Question 14

grey vs white matter in brain

Answer 14

grey = cell bodies of neurons
white = axons

Question 15

corpus callosum is

Answer 15

white matter tract linking the two brain hemispheres

Question 16

Location regions

Answer 16

superior top - dorsal
inferior bottom - ventral
anterior front - rostral (nostril)
posterior back - caudal (tail)
lateral - outside
medial = middle

Question 17

Modularity - domain specificity

Answer 17

different regions of the brain are restricted to type of information processing
eg. Muller-Lyer illusion (lines)
eg. visual perception V1/V2 cells sensitive to colour

Question 18

Interactivity

Answer 18

stages of processing not strictly seperate
- all interacting

Question 19

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 19

2 hemispheres
outside surface of brain with 4 lobes
each lobs has gyri (ridges) and sulci (valleys)

Question 20

Four lobes of brain

Answer 20

frontal - big front
parietal - back top
occipital - back
temporal - bottom

Question 21

cortex understood through

Brodmann’s areas

Answer 21

cytoarchitecture
- different regions of cortex defined by layered composition of cells
- 52 areas (eg BA1)

Question 22

3 subcortical structures

Answer 22

• basal ganglia
• limbic system
• diencephalon

Question 23

basal ganglia

Answer 23

includes caudate and putamen
- movement related (eg parkinsons)
- reinforcement, reward

Question 24

limbic system

Answer 24

amygdala - emotion
hippocampus

Question 25

diencephalon

Answer 25

thalamus - sensory information except smell hypothalamus - homeostasis pituitary gland

Question 26

midbrain

Answer 26

subcortical routes for healing - inferior colluculi - gaze orienting superior colliculi

Question 27

hindbrain

Answer 27

pons medula oblongata | breathing, heart rate

Question 28

cerebellum

Answer 28

primary function - info of motor commands - sensory feedback to smooth movement + dexterity