W10 Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 1

what does ATP synthase allow for in the matrix

Answer 1

transportation of H+ ions

Question 2

what transports H+/H2PO4

Answer 2

symporter (phosphate translocase)

Question 3

what does H2PO4 combine to form ATP

Answer 3

H+ ions

Question 4

what happens when ATP levels are too high

Answer 4

ATP synthase cannot transport H+ efficently

Question 5

what controls ATP synthase activity

Answer 5

ADP conc

Question 6

what part of the ATP synthase rotates

Answer 6

the C ring sub unit

Question 7

where is the active site in ATP synthase

Answer 7

the Beta subunits

Question 8

what does ATP synthase do

Answer 8

produces ATP from ADP + Pi for cellular respiration

Question 9

where is ATP synthase embedded

Answer 9

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 10

how does the ETC relate to ATP synthase activity

Answer 10

e- from NADH and FADH₂ pump H+ from matrix to the intermembrane space

Question 11

what is found on the a subunit of ATP synthase

Answer 11

access and egress channels for H+

Question 12

which side does access channels allows H+ from

Answer 12

intermembrane side

Question 13

which side does egress channels allows H+ from

Answer 13

matrix side

Question 14

how does ATP get released to mitochondria matrix

Answer 14

movement of H+ from high conc in intermembrane space rotates ATP synthase C subunit and pumps out H+

Question 15

what direction does the C subunit rotate

Answer 15

anticlockwise

Question 16

what are the other 2 complexes in ETC

Answer 16

coenzyme Q10
cytochrome C complex

Question 17

how is e- donated to the ETC

Answer 17

NADH is oxidised to NAD+ releasing 2 e-

Question 18

what happens to e- with the complexes

Answer 18

passes between the 2 complexes to make H2O

Question 19

how much protons does 1 NADH pump into the intermembrane space

Answer 19

10

Question 20

which complex does FADH2 donate e- to

Answer 20

complex 2

Question 21

how much ATP does NADH and FADH2 make

Answer 21

NADH = 2.5
FADH2 = 1.5

Question 22

what is the process of oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 22

ATP is formed from transfers of e- from NADH/FADH2

Question 23

how much ATP is needed a day in kg

Answer 23

80

Question 24

how much ATP is produced from glucose via OP

Answer 24

26 ATP

Question 25

how is the outer membrane described as

Answer 25

permeable (porin)

Question 26

what is the inner membrane impermeable to

Answer 26

ions and polar molecules

Question 27

how is oxidative phosphorylation managed

Answer 27

by a proton gradient

Question 28

what is a negative redox potential

Answer 28

oxidised form has a lower affinity for electrons than H2 H2 is a donor

Question 29

what is a positive redox potential

Answer 29

oxidised form has a higher affinity for electrons than H2 H2 is a donor

Question 30

where does oxidative phosphorylation get its starting molecules for e-

Answer 30

from citric acid cycle

Question 31

what is the name of enzyme complex I

Answer 31

NADH-Q oxidoreductase

Question 32

what is the name of enzyme complex II

Answer 32

succinate-Q reductase

Question 33

what is the name of enzyme complex III

Answer 33

Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase

Question 34

what is the name of enzyme complex IV

Answer 34

cytochrome c oxidase

Question 35

what is UQH2

Answer 35

coenzyme Q

Question 36

what does coenzyme Q do

Answer 36

carries e- from complex I to III

Question 37

what does cytochrome c do

Answer 37

carries e from complex III to IV

Question 38

whats the prosthetic group for complex II

Answer 38

FADH2

Question 39

where do the e- from FADH2 go

Answer 39

into UQH2

Question 40

where are protons pumped from

Answer 40

matrix

Question 41

where does proton pumping not occur

Answer 41

complex 2

Question 42

how is H+ created

Answer 42

- reduction of FMM at complex I - reduction of coenzyme Q at complex III - oxidation of cytochrome C

Question 43

how was testing the chemiosmotic hypothesis done

Answer 43

use a liposome to test H+ affect on ATP synthase

Question 44

which sub unit rotates the c sub unit

Answer 44

gamma (γ) unit

Question 45

how much ATP does 1 full rotation of ATP synthase make

Answer 45

3

Question 46

what rotates and controls the γ sub unit

Answer 46

actin filament

Question 48

what is the F0 in ATP synthase

Answer 48

proton channel to allow H+ flow

Question 49

what is the job of F1 in ATP synthase

Answer 49

actual synthesis of ATP

Question 50

what is the concept of respiratory control

Answer 50

e- will only flow and oxidative phosphorylation will only occur when ATP is consumed and ADP levels increase

Question 51

how is respiratory control regulated

Answer 51

FA activate UCP-1 channels UCP-1 channels stop H+ for ATP synthesis and released H+ as heat