W2 Protein Folding

Question 1

how is an amino acid a residue in a protein

Answer 1

H2O is removed for peptide bond

Question 2

what is hair made of

Answer 2

keratin helixes

Question 3

what does ammonium thioglycolate do

Answer 3

breaks disulphide bonds to open hair cuticle

Question 4

whats the shape of collagen

Answer 4

triple helix

Question 5

what is the bonds holding together collagen

Answer 5

electrostatic forces

Question 6

what is the key AA in collagen

Answer 6

glycine

Question 7

why is glycine so common in collagen

Answer 7

H r group so much smaller

Question 8

what is collagen seq

Answer 8

G-X-Y

Question 9

where do H bonds form for collagen helix

Answer 9

between strands

Question 10

what is osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 10

brittle bone disease

Question 11

how do fibroblasts repair ECM

Answer 11

mechanical tension

Question 12

how to increase amount of collagen

Answer 12

more proliferation

Question 13

which is the post translation modification is for gene activiation

Answer 13

acetylation

Question 14

how much hydroxyproline is in collagen

Answer 14

14%

Question 15

how is pro collagen triple helix stablised

Answer 15

chaperone proteins to the golgi apparatus

Question 16

what is the intermediate before tropocollagen

Answer 16

procollagen

Question 17

what happens to procollagen

Answer 17

hydroxylated and glycoslyated

Question 18

which side of alpha helix is more favourable

Answer 18

RH helices

Question 19

how many residues per turn for each alpha helix

Answer 19

3.6 residues per turn

Question 20

how much of haemoglobin is alpha helix

Answer 20

60%

Question 21

which AA ends alpha helix chains

Answer 21

proline

Question 22

what are the 2 forms of beta sheets

Answer 22

parallel and anti-parallel

Question 23

which beta sheet form is more stable due to better H bonding

Answer 23

anti-parallel

Question 24

what are transmembrane proteins like porin made of

Answer 24

beta sheets

Question 25

beta sheets are usually made up of what

Answer 25

strands

Question 26

how does acetylation get the acetyl group

Answer 26

transfer of acetyl group from Acetyl-CoA

Question 27

what enzyme assists acetylation

Answer 27

acetyltransferase enzyme

Question 28

where do proteins get acetyled

Answer 28

N-terminal of AA

Question 29

what does N-terminal acetylation do for a protein

Answer 29

protection against aminopeptidases

Question 30

which residues of DNA histones get acetylated

Answer 30

lysine residues

Question 31

what does acetylation of histones do

Answer 31

makes the DNA more -ve and increases transcriptional rate

Question 32

what are the 2 residues that can be hydrolyated and what do they make

Answer 32

Proline -> Hydroxyproline Lysine -> Hydroxylysine

Question 33

what is hydroxylation for

Answer 33

converts hydrophobic molecules into hydrophilic molecules

Question 34

what does Glycosylation do to a molecule

Answer 34

makes it more soluble

Question 34

what's the main AA in collagen

Answer 34

proline

Question 35

when does N-Glycosylation occur

Answer 35

when N of asparagine is replaced with carb molecule

Question 36

when does O-Glycosylation occur

Answer 36

when O of threonine and serine is replaced

Question 37

which enzymes add phosphates to molecules

Answer 37

kinases

Question 38

which enzymes removes phosphates to molecules

Answer 38

phosphatases