W11 The Territorial North

Question 1

-Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut represent Canada’s last frontier.
-It is a region rich in ______ ______ but slow to ______.
- Of the 6 regions in Canada, it is the largest in _____ but the smallest in ______.
- It is one of the most ______ populated areas on Earth.
-⛺️ are the majority of the population.
-__ ______ ___ _____ is what they used to draw the territorial borders

Answer 1

-Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut represent Canada’s last frontier.
-It is a region rich in natural resources but slow to develop.
- Of the 6 regions in Canada, it is the largest in area but the smallest in population.
- It is one of the most sparsely populated areas on Earth.
-Indigenous Peoples are the majority of the population.
-^60 degree north latitude is what they used to draw the territorial borders

Question 2

Governing the Region
What is the difference between a province and a territory?
-P🔋
-T👮‍♀️🔋
-T🙅🪵👮‍♀️💰

Answer 2

Governing the Region
What is the difference between a province and a territory?
-Provinces have powers that cannot be interfered with by the federal government.
-Territories have delegated powers that are under the supervision of the federal government.
-Territories do not have control or ownership of their natural resources and heavily depend on the federal government for transfer payments

Question 3

Physical Geography
-The Territorial North extends over 4️⃣ of the physiographic regions: C🛡️I🩻C🔌A 🧊(need to know where these are in Canada).
-Vegetation mostly consists of ™️, and some g,s
- In the Arctic Archipelago, most of the land is ____.
- r,sl

Answer 3

-The Territorial North extends over four of the physiographic regions: Canadian Shield, Interior Plains, Cordillera, and Arctic Archipelago (need to know where these are in Canada).
-Vegetation mostly consists of tundra, mosses, and some grasses and shrubs.
- In the Arctic Archipelago, most of the land is bare.
- The region contains many major rivers and thousands of small lakes.

Question 4

Climate
- Much of the area is officially classified as a ______ because precipitation is less than 250 mm per year.
- ☀️🩳and snowfall is possible at ___ ___of the year.
-In the_______ more populated parts of the region, daytime high temperatures often exceed 20 degrees celsius in June, July, and August.
-Much of the region is located north of the _________ (the ✡️✡️.⭐️°N line of latitude). What is the significance of this line?
● Any location north of it will experience at least one day in a year when the Sun does not ____ and at least one day when the Sun does not ___.
- The _____ _______ is commonly seen at night.

Answer 4

Climate
- Much of the area is officially classified as a desert because precipitation is less than 250 mm per year.
- Summers are short and snowfall is possible at any time of the year.
-In the southern more populated parts of the region, daytime high temperatures often exceed 20 degrees celsius in June, July, and August.
-Much of the region is located north of the Arctic Circle (the 66.5°N line of latitude). What is the significance of this line?
● Any location north of it will experience at least one day in a year when the Sun does not rise and at least one day when the Sun does not set.
- The Aurora Borealis is commonly seen at night. (Think of christian boreli always late night with striper)

Question 5

Climate Change
-☀️🌡️📍.
-Summers are forecasted to mostly be ice-free in the _____ ______ and _____ ______ by 2050*.
-The populations of polar bears and _____ will likely be greatly reduced.
-☀️🧊;🌡️Melting ice and snow leads to even more warming; this is an example of a ____ _____ ______

Answer 5

-Temperatures are expected to warm more in polar regions than any other regions on Earth.
-Summers are forecasted to mostly be ice-free in the Arctic Ocean And Hudson Bay by 2050*.
-The populations of polar bears and caribou will likely be greatly reduced.
-Melting ice and snow leads to even more warming; this is an example of a positive feedback cycle

Question 6

Loss of Sea Ice
-By 2050, the only remaining Arctic sea ice in Summer is expected to be around 😔_______ Island and northern 🟩.
-Since 1980, Arctic sea ice in Summer has declined by _0%

Answer 6

Loss of Sea Ice
-By 2050, the only remaining Arctic sea ice in Summer is expected to be around Ellesmere Island and northern Greenland.
-Since 1980, Arctic sea ice in Summer has declined by 30%

Question 7

Historical Geography
-Most of the area in the Territorial North was formerly known as ______ _________🧸.
-Britain declared _____ of this land;🔭
- The area was granted to the HBC in 1✡️🎲0 to operate💂🏼‍♂️📍.
-Until the end of World War II, the federal government generally _____ the Territorial North leaving the ⛺️Peoples there to live off the land.

Answer 7

Historical Geography
-Most of the area in the Territorial North was formerly known as Rupert’s Land.
-Britain declared ownership of this land as a result of early discovery and exploration.
- The area was granted to the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1670 to operate fur trading posts.
-Until the end of World War II, the federal government generally ignored the Territorial North leaving the Indigenous Peoples there to live off the land.

Question 8

A Strategic Frontier
-After WWII, the Territorial North served as a 🧪 zone between the _____ ________ and the rest of North America.
-In the 19⭐️0s, several ______ ______ were constructed along the *__degree north line of latitude.
-The purpose of these was to 🇷🇺💣;⏰🇺🇸🛩️💥]

Answer 8

A Strategic Frontier
-After World War II, the Territorial North served as a buffer zone between the Soviet Union and the rest of North America.
-In the 1950s, several RADAR stations were constructed along the 70 degree north line of latitude.
-The purpose of these was to detect potential Soviet bombers and to allow sufficient response time for U.S. fighter planes to destroy them.

Question 9

Demographics
-The ⛺️ 📈BR, 📉DR accounting for high population growth that is nearly entirely by ________ ________ since immigration to the region is minimal.
-When the economy in the region _____, the non-Indigenous residents are more likely to move to the provinces for___ __________

Answer 9

-The Indigenous population currently has a high birth rate but a low death rate, accounting for high population growth that is nearly entirely by natural increase since immigration to the region is minimal.
-When the economy in the region stalls, the non-Indigenous residents are more likely to move to the provinces for job opportunities.

Question 10

Economy
-The economic performance of the Territorial North is dependent on _________________ resources.
-This makes the region vulnerable to sharp fluctuations in both prices and global demand for its exports.
-Historically, the economy has been subject to boom-and-bust cycles.

Answer 10

Economy
-The economic performance of the Territorial North is dependent on non-renewable resources.
-This makes the region vulnerable to sharp fluctuations in both prices and global demand for its exports.
-Historically, the economy has been subject to boom-and-bust cycles.

Question 11

European Explorers
-In 15🏀, Martin Frobisher reached ____ Island while searching for a route to 🍚.
-A battle ensued between his crew and the ____ along the coastline.
-Many of the Inuit in the area succumbed to 🦠 soon after.
-The community of Frobisher Bay was renamed to ________ in 19🏑but the bay through which he traveled ______ his name.

Answer 11

European Explorers
-In 1576, Martin Frobisher reached Baffin Island while searching for a route to Asia.
-A battle ensued between his crew and the Inuit along the coastline.
-Many of the Inuit in the area succumbed to disease soon after.
-The community of Frobisher Bay was renamed to Iqaluit in 1987 but the bay through which he traveled retains his name.

Question 12

The Northwest Passage
-After Frobisher’s expedition, many🌍 explorers continued searching for a continuous passage to 🍚 through the TN
- Today, this waterway is referred to as the _________ ______.

Answer 12

The Northwest Passage
-After Frobisher’s expedition, many European explorers continued searching for a continuous passage to Asia through the Territorial North.
- Today, this waterway is referred to as the Northwest Passage.

Question 13

Arctic Sovereignty
-______ _______ have yet to be determined in much of the Arctic Ocean basin.
-There is an increased urgency for Canada to ______ territory and declare sovereignty of it.
Why?
● 🇷🇺📍.
● 🛢️
● Climate change may turn the area into a 🎥shipping route.
-_____ country bordering the Arctic Ocean has made a claim to a portion of the ocean beyond the 200 ______ mile line of their current control.
-Some claims have resulted in ______ which still must be resolved (📍).

Answer 13

Arctic Sovereignty
-National boundaries have yet to be determined in much of the Arctic Ocean basin.
-There is an increased urgency for Canada to acquire territory and declare sovereignty of it.
Why?
● Pressure from Russia staking claim of Arctic areas.
● Vast quantities of oil lie beneath the Arctic sea floor.
● Climate change may turn the area into a commercial shipping route.
-Each country bordering the Arctic Ocean has made a claim to a portion of the ocean beyond the 200 nautical mile line of their current control.
-Some claims have resulted in overlaps which still must be resolved (including claims to the North Pole).

Question 14

Arctic Sovereignty Contd
-It is agreed in the 🌎 community that Canada _____ the islands of the AA
- The ownership of the ________ between these islands is in dispute.
- The 🇺🇸. considers the NwP an 🌍 sea route.
-In 19🎱🎱, Canadian Prime Minister Brian ________ and U.S. President Ronald ____ signed the _____ _____ _______
● ACA: 🇺🇸🗣️🇨🇦👍
-Canada is concerned about the impacts of _____ _______from tankers traversing the Northwest Passage.
-19🎱⭐️: AWPPA
● This act passed by Canada’s______ gives Canada the right to control _____ navigation within its 200 nautical mile economic control area.
-200🔺: *UCotLofS**
● 🗾countries have the right to control shipping navigation within 🦆00 nautical miles.
-Some of the ______ in the Arctic Archipelago are ______ by more than 50 nautical miles of water.

Answer 14

Arctic Sovereignty Contd
-It is agreed in the international community that Canada owns the islands of the Arctic Archipelago
- The ownership of the waterways between these islands is in dispute.
- The U.S. considers the Northwest Passage an international sea route.
-In 1988, Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and U.S. President Ronald Regan signed the Arctic Cooperation Agreement.
● Arctic Cooperation Agreement: The U.S. is always to notify Canada before sending ships through the Northwest Passage and Canada is always to give consent.
-Canada is concerned about the impacts of oil spills from tankers traversing the Northwest Passage.
-1985: Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act.
● This act passed by Canada’s parliament gives Canada the right to control shipping navigation within its 200 nautical mile economic control area.
-2003: UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.
● Coastal countries have the right to control shipping navigation within 12 nautical miles.
-Some of the islands in the Arctic Archipelago are separated by more than 50 nautical miles of water.

Question 15

Indigenous Peoples of the Territorial North
-There are two groups of Indigenous Peoples that have historically inhabited the region:
● Inuit and 🍆____ (a group of First Nations).
-Inuit settlements are mostly located along ______ in Nunavut. They have historically hunted _____ species (seals, walrus, narwhals, fish).
-The _____ primarily live in ______ areas in the Northwest Territories. They have historically hunted ______ in the t-b transition vegetation region.

Answer 15

Indigenous Peoples of the Territorial North
-There are two groups of Indigenous Peoples that have historically inhabited the region:
● Inuit and Dene (a group of First Nations).
-Inuit settlements are mostly located along coasts in Nunavut. They have historically hunted marine species (seals, walrus, narwhals, fish).
-The Dene primarily live in inland areas in the Northwest Territories. They have historically hunted caribou in the tundra-boreal transition vegetation region.

Question 16

Whaling
- In the early 1800s, 🌍🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 set sail for 🦷 Strait and 🦏Bay.
- As the explorers pushed farther ⬅️, it became necessary to spend the ❄️ on the ______ _____.
- There, they met _____ and 🔄 🤝
-_____🏹🥩🔄🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿🔪🔫 .

Answer 16

Whaling
- In the early 1800s, European whalers set sail for Davis Strait and Baffin Bay.
- As the explorers pushed farther west, it became necessary to spend the Winter on the nearby land.
- There, they met Inuit and a trading relationship developed between the two groups.
-Inuit would hunt and provide meat for the whalers in return for knives and rifles.

Question 17

Fur Trade
-Demand rose for the 🦊Afp in Europe in the early 1🐱00s and this led to the establishment of 🔄📍 in the TN.
-_____ were heavily involved in the 💂🏿‍♀️ and by the 19⭐️0s it ________ their economy.
-The continued arrival of Europeans brought _____, _______, and other communicable diseases for which ______ had 🦠🤒

Answer 17

Fur Trade
-Demand rose for the Arctic fox pelt in Europe in the early 1900s and this led to the establishment of trading posts in the Territorial North.
-Inuit were heavily involved in the fur trade and by the 1950s it dominated their economy.
-The continued arrival of Europeans brought measles, smallpox, and other communicable diseases for which Inuit had no immunity.

Question 18

Inuit Relocation to Settlements
- In the 19✡️0s the federal government oversaw the relocation of _____ to 🐜.
This represented a dramatic shift from their previously____-______ lifestyle.
-Why were Inuit relocated to settlements? (government reasons): IC
1. I🛡️⛑️🚢
2. C🧐👮‍♀️🦮.

.

Answer 18

Inuit Relocation to Settlements
- In the 1960s the federal government oversaw the relocation of Inuit to small settlements.
This represented a dramatic shift from their previously semi-nomadic lifestyle.
-Why were Inuit relocated to settlements? (government reasons):
1. It was seen as necessary to protect them from the hardships of living off the land.
2. Concentrating people in settlements allowed the federal government to provide them with services efficiently.

Question 19

Inuit Relocation to Settlements Cont:
What are the Positive impacts for Inuit? FAP
● F🎣
● A🏥.
● P📚.

Answer 19

Positive impacts for Inuit:
● Foodsecurity.
● Access to medical services.
● Public education.

Question 20

Inuit Relocation to Settlements Cont:
What are the negative impacts for Inuit? ARS
● A📉🏹🧫
● R:📉🌾.
●S:🐀

Answer 20

● A sense of cultural devaluation due to the loss of traditional hunting culture.
● Reduction of country food in the diet.
● Social issues related to poverty and unemployment

Question 21

Inuit Settlements
-👮‍♀️💰
-_____ settlements in Nunavut have the 📈🪢🍻.
-A positive outcome of settlement life is the emergence of _______ Indigenous leaders who have helped lead negotiations for ___ _______ agreements across Canada.

Answer 21

Inuit Settlements
-The main source of income is from government assistance.
-Inuit settlements in Nunavut have the highest rates of suicide and alcoholism in Canada.
-A positive outcome of settlement life is the emergence of educated Indigenous leaders who have helped lead negotiations for land claim agreements across Canada.

Question 22

Nunavut
- The territory was established in 1🐱🐱🐱 out of a land settlement agreement between Canada and _______ of the ➡️❄️.
- The name means ‘our land’ in _______. The official languages in Nunavut are 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿🇫🇷, and ________.
- Inuit established a ______ form of government for the territory such that both Inuit and non-Inuit residents have 🟰🎩
-An objective of the Nunavut government is to promote Inuit _______ ________.

Answer 22

Nunavut
- The territory was established in 1999 out of a land settlement agreement between Canada and Inuit of the eastern Arctic.
- The name means ‘our land’ in Inuktitut. The official languages in Nunavut are English, French, and Inuktitut.
- Inuit established a public form of government for the territory such that both Inuit and non-Inuit residents have equal political rights.
-An objective of the Nunavut government is to promote Inuit traditional culture.

Question 23

Inuit Traditional Culture
- The core Inuit values include a 🏞️,🌾:🎣,🤝
- _____ ____ is food that is obtained _______ from the land or water by means of hunting or fishing.
- Hunting is natural to the Inuit, but the European Union has 🥁 the import of their 🦭 ____.
-This is in response to what they believe is ________ killing; it has negatively affected the____ economy.

Answer 23

Inuit Traditional Culture
- The core Inuit values include a strong attachment to the land, country food, and the ethic of sharing.
- Country food is food that is obtained directly from the land or water by means of hunting or fishing.
- Hunting is natural to the Inuit, but the European Union has banned the import of their seal pelts.
-This is in response to what they believe is inhumane killing; it has negatively affected the Inuit economy.

Question 24

Population Characteristics
-^Y🤷🏿‍♂️.
-^BR📈N
-^Most growth is from 👼 increase.

Answer 24

Population Characteristics
-^Yukon is a minority Indigenous.
-^Birth rates are very high in Nunavut.
-^Most growth is from natural increase.

Question 25

Urbanization in the Territorial North
o
-🌲〰️
👲🔪

Answer 25

Urbanization in the Territorial North
-Can see some cities like Yellowknife are below the tree line, while others are above it.

Question 26

Economic Sectors
- 🔋⛏️;🎥
-The economy is based on two major components:ET
1. E🤳
2. 👮‍♀️💰Transfer payments from the federal government (referred to as TF✖️F💰).

Answer 26

Economic Sectors
- Energy and mining (diamonds, zinc, copper, iron ore) are the main commercial elements of the economy in the Territorial North.
-The economy is based on two major components:
1. Extraction of natural resources.
2. Transfer payments from the federal government (referred to as Territorial Formula Financing).

Question 27

Transportation
-📉🚊;📈💰🏗️+🦅
-Nunavut🙅🛣️or🛤️ does not have any highways or railroads.
-⛏️👮‍♀️🏗️🛣️ to their ______.
-_____ ______ connect some mining sites with year-round highways.
● ______: a temporary road over a frozen river or lake

Answer 27

Transportation
-There are few transportation routes in the region due to the high cost of construction and the sparse population.
-Nunavut does not have any highways or railroads.
-Mining companies have lobbied the federal government to build roads to their sites.
-Winter roads connect some mining sites with year-round highways.
● WinterRoad: a temporary road over a frozen river or lake

Question 28

Megaprojects
-__________ are resource development projects that are controlled by large multinational corporations.
-They often have capital costs of more than $1 billion and require ______ years to construct.
-Since all megaprojects in the Territorial North are based on ____-_____________, the projects have a 👵🏻.

Answer 28

Megaprojects
-Megaprojects are resource development projects that are controlled by large multinational corporations.
-They often have capital costs of more than $1 billion and require several years to construct.
-Since all megaprojects in the Territorial North are based on non-renewable resources, the projects have a limited life span.

Question 29

Megaprojects continued:
-While megaprojects create development, they are not necessarily beneficial to the Territorial North.
-Why? TH
● T 🏗️🛸
● H➖
.● Many workers live in ______ and spend their wages in their home communities there.
● Workers from the provinces pay ______ ___ to __________rather than __________ governments.

Answer 29

● The construction equipment and supplies are manufactured outside the region.
● They have a negative impact on the landscape
.● Many workers live in provinces and spend their wages in their home communities there.
● Workers from the provinces pay income tax to provincial rather than territorial governments.

Question 30

What are some examples of megaprojects in the Territorial North: NMN
1:N🤖🛢️
2.M⛽️
3.Nwt💎

Answer 30

● NormanWells Oil Field
● Mackenzie Gas Pipeline Project
● Northwest Territories Diamonds

Question 31

The Mackenzie Gas Pipeline Project
-A (1styr eng bus course) km pipeline to transport _____ ____through the Mackenzie River Valley has been proposed.
-The pipeline is strongly opposed by _______ Peoples in the area.
- As more natural gas deposits have been developed in NA with the emergence of ________, the proposal has been _______ for the time being.

Answer 31

The Mackenzie Gas Pipeline Project
-A1220 km pipeline to transport natural gas through the Mackenzie River Valley has been proposed.
-The pipeline is strongly opposed by Indigenous Peoples in the area.
- As more natural gas deposits have been developed in North America with the emergence of fracking, the proposal has been withdrawn for the time being.

Question 32

The Norman Wells Oil Field
-Extracting oil from the oil field in Norman Wells, Northwest Territories began in 19🦆 and a pipeline to transport the oil to northern _____ was completed in 19☃️⭐️.
-_______ _____ is causing ground subsidence resulting in ________ challenges.

Answer 32

The Norman Wells Oil Field
-Extracting oil from the oil field in Norman Wells, Northwest Territories began in 1920 and a pipeline to transport the oil to northern Alberta was completed in 1985.
-Permafrost melt is causing ground subsidence resulting in maintenance challenges.

Question 33

Northwest Territories Diamonds
- 🥉💎;3⛏️ ➡️NwT
-Diamonds were discovered in the area in 19🐱📍.
-Workers commute to the mines from _______ by air on a ___day in and ___ day out rotation.
-Diamond production is the backbone of the mining industry in the Territorial North; however…

Answer 33

Northwest Territories Diamonds
- Canada is the third largest producer of diamonds in the world due to three mines in eastern Northwest Territories.
-Diamonds were discovered in the area in 1991.
-Workers commute to the mines from Yellowknife by air on a 14 day in and 14 day out rotation.
-Diamond production is the backbone of the mining industry in the Territorial North; however, two of the three mines will be exhausted by 2030

Question 34

Sense of Place
What do geographers believe?
p>c,r,l,e,r

Answer 34

● Despite claims to the contrary, it is not culture, religion, language, ethnicity, or race that is the dominant feature of civilization. It is place

Question 35

A Nation of Regions
-The _____ size of Canada requires a ➗.
-This is not the case for many countries and thus it presents an added ______ for governance.
-Political decisions that address regional _______ are necessary.
-Negotiations and _______ are hallmarks of these decisions.
-Canada’s strength lies in its ability to reconcile_____ and _____ disputes.
-Ep and tt payments are designed to ensure a ______standard of living across Canada.
-The future of these payments is heavily dependent on the _____ economy.

Answer 35

A Nation of Regions
-The sheer size of Canada requires a division into manageable regions.
-This is not the case for many countries and thus it presents an added challenge for governance.
-Political decisions that address regional differences are necessary.
-Negotiations and compromise are hallmarks of these decisions.
-Canada’s strength lies in its ability to reconcile cultural and regional disputes.
-Equalization payments and territorial transfer payments are designed to ensure a consistent standard of living across Canada.
-The future of these payments is heavily dependent on the Ontario economy.

Question 36

A Nation of Regions
-The _____ size of Canada requires a ➗.
-This is not the case for many countries and thus it presents an added ______ for governance.
-Political decisions that address regional _______ are necessary.
-Negotiations and _______ are hallmarks of these decisions.
-Canada’s strength lies in its ability to reconcile_____ and _____ disputes.
-Ep and tt payments are designed to ensure a ______standard of living across Canada.
-The future of these payments is heavily dependent on the _____ economy.

Answer 36

A Nation of Regions
-The sheer size of Canada requires a division into manageable regions.
-This is not the case for many countries and thus it presents an added challenge for governance.
-Political decisions that address regional differences are necessary.
-Negotiations and compromise are hallmarks of these decisions.
-Canada’s strength lies in its ability to reconcile cultural and regional disputes.
-Equalization payments and territorial transfer payments are designed to ensure a consistent standard of living across Canada.
-The future of these payments is heavily dependent on the Ontario economy.

Question 37

Regions of Canada
-Each of Canada’s six regions has …..

Answer 37

-Each of Canada’s six regions has strengths and weaknesses.

Question 38

Ontario
Strength:
● 📈💼,i,a,🔄🇺🇸
Weakness:
● 🛠️..🛸?;🌎

Answer 38

Ontario
Strength:
● It has the most favourable conditions for economic growth, industrialization, agriculture, and trade with the U.S.
Weakness:
● The manufacturing economy has an uncertain future due to continued globalization.

Question 39

Quebec
Strength:
● 🔋💧 SLSIt is home to extensive hydroelectric resources and has access to the St. Lawrence Seaway.
Weakness:
● 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿🔝

Answer 39

Quebec
Strength:
● It is home to extensive hydroelectric resources and has access to the St. Lawrence Seaway.
Weakness:
● There is a struggle to maintain its culture and language in an English dominated continent.

Question 40

British Columbia
Strength:
● It has a culture centred around ______ 📈🥤🔗PR.
_______: a focus on 🟩 living with emphasis on quality of life and sustainability.
Weakness:
● 😥📉🌳

Answer 40

British Columbia
Strength:
● It has a culture centred around ecotopia and a growing population with expanding links to the Pacific Rim.
Ecotopia: a focus on green living with emphasis on quality of life and sustainability.
Weakness:
● Lower demand has weakened the forestry industry.

Question 41

Prairie ProvincesStrength:
Strength:
● 📈nr, 🪴There is an abundance of natural resources (oil, natural gas, potash, uranium) and fertile soil.
Weakness:
● 👽🦖👮‍♀️

Answer 41

Prairie ProvincesStrength:
Strength:
● There is an abundance of natural resources (oil, natural gas, potash, uranium) and fertile soil.
Weakness:
● A sense of alienation from the core has developed partly due to the actions of past federal governments.

Question 42

Atlantic Provinces
Strength:
● 🏝️⛽️;💰,🎣📈👽.
-Weakness:
● 🗾, has a ________ population, and 📉👷‍♀️

Answer 42

Atlantic Provinces
Strength:
● Offshore petroleum deposits have provided revenue; the fishing industry will likely improve in the future.
-Weakness:
● It is isolated geographically, has a stagnant population, and lacks employment opportunities.

Question 43

The Territorial North
Strength:
● 📈NR,📈🥤😇
Weakness:
● CC☀️; 🙊.

Answer 43

The Territorial North
Strength:
● It is rich in natural resources and has a growing population from natural increase.
Weakness:
● Climate change is dramatically impacting the region; social problems are evident in Inuit settlements.

Question 44

Spatial Framework
- The spatial framework of Canada’s regions consists of:
● ⚫️OQ
● Three types of _______regions:
1. Upward transitional (🗻🌾)
2. Downward transitional (⛴️)
3. Rf (_____ ______
-Spatial frameworks are not ___; they can …….

Answer 44

Spatial Framework
- The spatial framework of Canada’s regions consists of:
● Core regions (Ontario, Quebec).
● Three types of periphery regions:
1. Upward transitional (B.C., Prairies)
2. Downward transitional (Atlantic)
3. Resource frontier (Territorial North)
-Spatial frameworks are not rigid; they can always be adjusted.

Question 45

Canada’s Fault Lines
1.Centralist/ Decentralist
*🌾🎩
-2.ndigenous/ Non-Indigenous
*⛓️, 🎣
3.English/ French
* a consistent fault line spanning a time form the _____settlers to qsm.
4.Newcomers/Old-Timers
*🛬 is changing the demographic of Canada’s major cities

Answer 45

Canada’s Fault Lines
1.Centralist/ Decentralist
*Has its roots in the political system
2.Indigenous/ Non-Indigenous
*Struggles over land, rights, environmental concern
3.English/ French
* a consistent fault line spanning a time form the first settlers to Quebec separatist movements.
4.Newcomers/Old-Timers
*Immigration is changing the demographic of Canada’s major cities

Question 46

Canada and the Global Economy
-🇨🇳 🚪WTO in 🛬🛬 had impacts on the Canadian💼
- 📉🛠️; 🤑🇨🇳🃏.
-Resource industries have expanded to meet growing demand from Asia (🗻🌾).

Answer 46

Canada and the Global Economy
-The entry of China into the World Trade Organization in 2001 had impacts on the Canadian economy.
- The manufacturing sector has slowly eroded; low-cost goods imported from China have become common.
-Resource industries have expanded to meet growing demand from Asia (primarily in British Columbia and the Prairie Provinces).

Question 47

The Future
-💼🔀4️⃣.
-🦍.
-As mid-sized cities grow larger, they must make choices between the following:
● at or rt
● ______ expansion or development of ______cores.
-Most 🛢️⛽️->🇺🇸,📈🍚
- ____and _____ will gain more seats in the House of Commons in 🛸 federal elections.
- 🤔 relate to 🛢️💲, the 🛠️ industry in ______, and the impacts of cc☀️ on the _____ ______.

Answer 47

The Future
-The economy is slowly shifting toward the quaternary sector.
-A greater share of quaternary sector employment is found in the largest cities.
-As mid-sized cities grow larger, they must make choices between the following:
● Automobile traffic or rapid transit.
● Suburban expansion or development of downtown cores.
-Most oil and natural gas exports will continue to flow to the U.S. but with increasing amounts flowing to Asia.
- B.C. and Ontario will gain more seats in the House of Commons in future federal elections.
- Uncertainties relate to oil prices, the manufacturing industry in Ontario, and the impacts of climate change on the Territorial North.

Question 48

National Goals for the Future
-A 🟩, 🏙️, where the _____ _____ is encouraged and flourishes.
● ________👩‍🎨cc: people who are attracted to cities that have a progressive and diverse culture.
- Indigenous Peoples becoming more represented in Canada’s parliament and moving toward self-government in _____ and other areas.
- An even more ______ ______ where any tensions that arise quickly subside.
● _______: a society that values _________.
- border open why you acting like it closed idk🔁.
-Regional growth driven by the 🧠 economy.
-A strengthened sense of ____identity and unity among ___ regions.

Answer 48

National Goals for the Future
-A greener, urban country where the creative class is encouraged and flourishes.
● Creative Class: people who are attracted to cities that have a progressive and diverse culture.
- Indigenous Peoples becoming more represented in Canada’s parliament and moving toward self-government in Nunavik and other areas.
- An even more pluralistic society where any tensions that arise quickly subside.
● Pluralistic Society: a society that values multiculturalism.
- A more open border with the U.S. for which trade relationships can grow and expand.
-Regional growth driven by the knowledge-based economy.
-A strengthened sense of national identity and unity among all regions.

Question 49

Exam Info

Answer 49

3 hours. Alumni Hall 201 (main floor). 37 multiple choice (1 Alberta oil sand question). 10 true or false. 6 fill in the blank. 26 written responses (7 questions). ● 6willcomefrom the second half of course (one from each week). ● Question 7 involves a broad theme of the course. ● Manufacturing in Mexico is embedded into the Ontario question. ● 2questions on Power video are embedded in Quebec written questions. 8 map (blank map, may be asked about physiographic regions, climate, vegetation, soil, or drainage basins). Should be different colour pens or pencils for this. 75% of questions are from second half content. 10% are from textbooks. No dates or stats unless emphasized in class (dates that provinces and territories joined, lines of latitude).