W6 Ontario Flashcards
- Ontario has the largest _________ of Canada’s provinces and the largest economic ______.
- The economy is evolving toward the _____-based sector as manufacturing has declined over
the past two decades.
- Ontario has the largest population of Canada’s provinces and the largest economic output.
- The economy is evolving toward the knowledge-based sector as manufacturing has declined over
the past two decades.
The Ontario Economy
- The _______ of Canada’s economy will likely always remain anchored in Ontario.
- Why?
● 🦍
● 🥇
● 🏙️
● 🇺🇸
The Ontario Economy
- The centre of Canada’s economy will likely always remain anchored in Ontario.
- Why?
● Large population (39% of Canadians).
● Median personal income is above the national median.
● Greater cluster of cities, universities, and technological/research centres.
● Central location within North America with several high-volume border crossings to the
US.
Physical Geography
- 🔺GHC (go home canada)
-🚤,🩳,🛡️
- 🦍85
- Northern Ontario occupies over __% of the landmass of Ontario but is home to only _% of the
province’s population.
Physical Geography
- Three physiographic regions are found in Ontario.
-Great Lakes-St Lawrence Lowlands, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canadian Shield
- In terms of land area, Ontario is larger than 85% of all countries.
- Northern Ontario occupies over 80% of the landmass of Ontario but is home to only 6% of the
province’s population.
What contains the most variable topography in Southern Ontario?
The Niagara Escarpment
How is the Niagara Escarpment formed?
The escarpment formed as more resistant rock remained while weaker rock weathered and eroded away
Climate
- Summers in Ontario are___and ______ with air masses that often originate over the Se U.S or the Gulf of _____.
- Winters are cold with air masses that often originate over the _____or the _____.
- As these air masses move over the Great Lakes, the lakes can create ______ _____ _______.
-[]Summers in Ontario are hot and humid with air masses that often originate over the Southeast U.S or the Gulf of Mexico.
- Winters are cold with air masses that often originate over the Prairie Provinces or the Arctic.
- As these air masses move over the Great Lakes, the lakes can create localized climatic effects.
Lake Effect Snow
❄️🥋 are found downwind of the lakes (In winter, the wind is often from the northwest).
-Lake effect snow is caused by ____ air moving over relatively warm water. Heavy snow falls ______wind of lakes.
Snowbelts are found downwind of the lakes (In winter, the wind is often from the northwest).
Lake effect snow is caused by cold air moving over relatively warm water.
Heavy snow falls ______ of lakes
Heavy snow falls downwind of lakes
Lake Effect Snow in Southern Ontario
– LK frequently receive lake effect snow from Lake H causing high annual snowfall. W occasionally receives lake effect snow from LM.
Lake Effect Snow in Southern Ontario
– London and Kitchener frequently receive lake effect snow from Lake Huron causing high annual snowfall. Windsor occasionally receives lake effect snow from Lake Michigan.
Lake Effect Clouds
– SO frequently experiences lake effect clouds in W.
-Both lake effect clouds and snow diminish if the lakes ❄️(when this occurs it is not usually until February).
Lake Effect Clouds
– Southern Ontario frequently experiences lake effect clouds in winter.
-Both lake effect clouds and snow diminish if the lakes freeze (when this occurs it is not usually until February).
Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
– Severe thunderstorms and tornadoes in SO can occur when a wind from the southwest brings warm, moist air from the 🇲🇽
. The warm air may then interact with cooler lake breezes which can lead to thunderstorms.
Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
– Severe thunderstorms and tornadoes in Southern Ontario can occur when a wind from the southwest brings warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico.
The warm air may then interact with cooler lake breezes which can lead to thunderstorms.
The Great Lakes
—- Ontario is an_______ word meaning “beautiful water” and is named after LO.
^lakes formed from 🧊 retreat, ice was thicker further north creating deeper lakes.
Combined, the 5 Great Lakes make up the largest body of _____ in the world. Between each lake are connecting straits (though they are referred to as rivers)
.—— Management and care of the lakes is shared by Canada and the U.S. Major ports in the Great Lakes system: Chicago, Toronto, Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, Milwaukee, Hamilton, Toledo, Windsor, Thunder Bay.
—- Ontario is an Iroquois word meaning “beautiful water” and is named after Lake Ontario.
–Ontario is an Iroquois word meaning “beautiful water” and is named after Lake Ontario. ^lakes formed from glacial retreat, ice was thicker further north creating deeper lakes.
Combined, the 5 Great Lakes make up the largest body of freshwater in the world. Between each lake are connecting straits (though they are referred to as rivers)
Major ports in the Great Lakes system:
CTDCBMHTWT.B
Major ports in the Great Lakes system: Chicago, Toronto, Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, Milwaukee, Hamilton, Toledo, Windsor, Thunder Bay.
By volume, Lake Superior is the largest and LE is the smallest cause small asian penis.
By volume, Lake Superior is the largest and Lake Erie is the smallest.
The ____ Canal allows ships to bypass Niagara Falls.
The Welland Canal allows ships to bypass Niagara Falls.
The Great Lakes are important to Ontario’s economy (tourism, recreation, fishing, transportation along the ____________). The ____ ____ ___ connects the GL to the AO.
The Great Lakes are important to Ontario’s economy (tourism, recreation, fishing, transportation along the St. Lawrence Seaway). The St. Lawrence Seaway connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic ocean.
Environmental Challenges
1. H❤️🩹
-E: 🧪.
2. 🦂E
-S,g
3.T🩻
-🏖️❌🥤
Environmental Challenges
1. Health of the Great Lakes
-Eutrophication: the addition of phosphates into lakes from fertilizers and chemicals that runoff from agricultural areas.Water pollution.
2. Exotic species (due to a lack of natural predators and )
-Sea lamprey, goby
3.Toxic contamination
-Occasional beach closures along the Great Lakes shorelines due to high bacteria counts (ex. E. Coli).
Reducing Air Pollution
–The Ontario government recently closed all the CPP in the province
. Natural gas, nuclear plants, and renewable energy methods have replaced the CPP
-Over 2500 wind turbines have been built in Ontario since 2000.
- They currently supply 8% of the electricity demand in the province
Reducing Air Pollution
–The Ontario government recently closed all the coal power plants in the province. Natural gas, nuclear plants, and renewable energy methods have replaced the coal power plants.
-Over 2500 wind turbines have been built in Ontario since 2000.
-They currently supply 8% of the electricity demand in the province
Wind Energy in Southern Ontario
– The provincial government developed a wind ____ before turbines were erected. The best locations for wind turbines are ___ landscapes that are relatively close to lake ______
Wind Energy in Southern Ontario
– The provincial government developed a wind atlas before turbines were erected. The best locations for wind turbines are flat landscapes that are relatively close to lake shorelines
Historic Geography
—- The 🇫🇷 founded the first settlement in what is now Ontario in 17❌9 across the river from Detroit and named it 🐜🧥 (it has been renamed W).
-Originally named Detroit, D’etroit (‘the strait’). In the late 1700s, British Loyalists from the U.S. began settling throughout Southern Ontario.
- In 1794, York became the capital of Upper Canada (now Ontario).
-In 1834 it had a population of 10,000 and was renamed Toronto.
Historic Geography
—- The French founded the first settlement in what is now Ontario in 1749 across the river from Detroit and named it Petite Côte (it has been renamed Windsor).
Historic Geography
- Originally named Detroit, D’etroit (‘the strait’). In the late 1700s, 🇬🇧 from the🇺🇸. began settling throughout SO.
-In 1794, ___ became the capital of Upper Canada (now Ontario).
-In 1834 it had a population of 10,000 and was renamed _____.
Historic Geography
- Originally named Detroit, D’etroit (‘the strait’). In the late 1700s, British Loyalists from the U.S. began settling throughout Southern Ontario.
-In 1794, York became the capital of Upper Canada (now Ontario).
-In 1834 it had a population of 10,000 and was renamed Toronto.
The War of 1812
—- 🇬🇧🛡️🇺🇸 in UC
-A key objective of the US was to a_____x southern parts of Upper Canada.
The War of 1812
—- Tension between Britain and the U.S. resulted in several battles during the War of 1812 in Upper Canada.
-A key objective of the US was to annex southern parts of Upper Canada.
The War of 1812
-🇬🇧 led byMGIB
-⛺️ led by C T. They worked together in battle to hold back the U.S. forces.
The War of 1812
-British forces were led by Major General Isaac Brock.
-Indigenous forces were led by Chief Tecumseh.
They worked together in battle to hold back the U.S. forces.
The War of 1812
🪨 died during the Battle of 👸🛬 along the NR.
Brock died during the Battle of Queenston Heights along the Niagara River.
The War of 1812
T died during the Battle of the Th near M(think of moron nigs living here.
Tecumseh died during the Battle of the Thames near Moraviantown.
The Regions of Ontario
–Ontario is the most diverse province in Canada both in terms of 🪨and🧏🏾♂️.
-Each region of the province has different characteristics and needs, and these are recognized by the provincial government.
There are 5 regions of Ontario: NEC GS
The Regions of Ontario
–Ontario is the most diverse province in Canada both in terms of physical geography and human geography.
-Each region of the province has different characteristics and needs, and these are recognized by the provincial government.
There are 5 regions of Ontario:
● Northern
● Eastern
● Central
● Golden Horseshoe
● Southwestern
Region: NO
The economy is driven by 🪵⛏️.
—- The pop density 🪫
Largest cities:
S🥀T⚡️S🧂
-💽
There have been some secession movements in the past (some people here want to breakaway from the rest of the province - unlikely to happen due to a weaker economy).
Region: Northern Ontario
The economy is driven by forestry and mining.
—- The population density is very low.
Largest cities:
Sudbury, Thunder Bay, Sault Ste. Marie
-Northern Ontario experiences a cultural disconnection from the rest of the province. There have been some secession movements in the past (some people here want to breakaway from the rest of the province - unlikely to happen due to a weaker economy).
Region: Eastern Ontario
—- The economy is driven by 🏬. Largest cities:
OKC
Many lakes, rivers, hills, and waterfalls add to the scenery in this region. There is a relatively high francophone population especially along the border with ______.
Region: Eastern Ontario
—- The economy is driven by jobs in the federal government. Largest cities: Ottawa (bilingual), Kingston, Cornwall Many lakes, rivers, hills, and waterfalls add to the scenery in this region. There is a relatively high francophone population especially along the border with Quebec.
Region: Central Ontario
The economy is driven by ✈️🏋️♀️
-Largest cities: BOP
-⚖️🌾S 🪵N T
A large portion of this region is nicknamed ‘🏡cc’ (the ______).
Region: Central Ontario
The economy is driven by seasonal tourism and recreation.
–Largest cities: Barrie, Orillia , Peterborough
-The region represents a variable landscape as agriculture in the southern portion transitions to forest in the north portion.
A large portion of this region is nicknamed ‘cottage country’ (the Muskokas).
Region: Golden Horseshoe
-The economy is driven by jobs in 📈💲🏥📖
–Largest CMAs: TH🍣S🐈
-The region is almost entirely urbanized.
-🏎️🛬🛬🛬
Region: Golden Horseshoe
-The economy is driven by jobs in finance, insurance, health care, and education.
–Largest CMAs: Toronto, Hamilton, St. Catherines
-The region is almost entirely urbanized.
-It attracts more immigrants than any other part of Canada and has the most dense population.
Region: Southwestern Ontario
—-The economy is driven by manufacturing and agriculture.
-Largest CMAs: Kitchener, London, Windsor
This region has much in common with the U.S. Midwest.
Several 🚗🌾 plants, and their associated feeder factories provide thousands of jobs.
-The southernmost portion is culturally influenced by the proximity to D.
Region: Southwestern Ontario
—-The economy is driven by 🛠️🌾.
-Largest CMAs: KLW
This region has much in common with the U.S. Midwest.
Several auto assembly plants, and their associated feeder factories provide thousands of jobs.
-The southernmost portion is culturally influenced by the proximity to Detroit.
Forestry in Northern Ontario
-The demand for _____ has been decreasing due to technology lowering the demand for paper: (more digital)
● ______ are replacing newspapers and magazines.
● Billing, accounting, and banking transactions are all using less paper.—- 🛋️sl is the main export.
Most of the land in Northern Ontario is 👑land (it is owned by the pg).
-🍊📃mills provide many jobs in several small towns throughout the region.
Forestry in Northern Ontario
-The demand for lumber has been decreasing due to technology lowering the demand for paper:
● Websites are replacing newspapers and magazines.
● Billing, accounting, and banking transactions are all using less paper.—- Softwood lumber is the main export.
Most of the land in Northern Ontario is Crown land (it is owned by the provincial government).
-Pulp and paper mills provide many jobs in several small towns throughout the region.
Agriculture in Southern Ontario
–👌🌾🏞️ This is due to temperatures moderated by the GL, moderate and consistent precipitation, and fertile soil.
🌾cl is dominant in Southwestern Ontario
- livestock farms are more common in Eastern Ontario
Agriculture in Southern Ontario
–Southern Ontario has over half of the highest-quality agricultural land (Class 1) in Canada. This is due to temperatures moderated by the Great Lakes, moderate and consistent precipitation, and fertile soil.
-Cropland is dominant in Southwestern Ontario whereas livestock farms are more common in Eastern Ontario
Corn: most common in So .🐮
Corn: it is the most common crop and is grown throughout Southwestern Ontario.Most corn is sent to cattle ranches out west for the cows
Tobacco: ⌛️⚡️🐎Tillsonburg; the soil there is not suitable for growing many other crops.
Tobacco: it is mainly grown on a sand plain north of Lake Erie in the area around Tillsonburg; the soil there is not suitable for growing many other crops.
Where are plants located?
Plants are located along major transportation links where access to markets in Canada and the U.S. are readily available and driving distances are short. GM, Chrysler, Ford, Toyota, and Honda all operate assembly plants in Southern Ontario
Automobile Production-
- O>M 🛠️🚗 in NA
-the recession of 2008-09 resulted in a💧🛠️🚗 but📈🚙 to replave an 👵🏻 f
Ontario has passed Michigan to become the biggest producer of automobiles in North America. T
he recession of 2008-09 resulted in a drop in production but demand for new vehicles has since increased to replace an aging fleet.
Urbanization in Ontario
Neighbouring U.S. Cities
The two large U.S. cities that border Ontario have strong relationships with the province both economically and culturally. WHat are they
Population Growth
-🗼
-🚃
-💚
Population Growth
-The areas of Ontario within 100 km of Toronto have higher growth rates than elsewhere in the province.
-This is partly influenced by public transit connections.
-GO =government of Ontario (supplied by the government).
The Golden Horseshoe
How did it get its name and why is it significant?
-The name derives from the horseshoe-like shape of the land around the western end of Lake Ontario.
-It is home to over 7.5 million people and is the most densely populated area in Canada.
Note the biggest 3 in the golden horse shoe are THS
Toronto, Hamilton, St. Catherine’s
CMAs of Southern Ontario
Census Metropolitan Areas
-eveyrwhere is growing except regions of northern Ontario
-highest growth rates are regions surrounding Toronto such as Oshawa and Guelph
Urban Centres of Northern Ontario
-double-negative suggest events that caused drastic decline (mines and factories closing)
The Greater Toronto Area Greenbelt
– 🦥🚙🦠
-🙅🏗️
The Greater Toronto Area Greenbelt– This is an effort by the provincial government to slow urban sprawl. It prohibits urban development in a large designated zone surrounding the Greater Toronto Area
