W7 Quebec Flashcards
-Quebec 2/6 r 💼💰 + 🥤.
- 🦍📐
- 🇫🇷📞
-Quebec ranks second among the six regions in terms of economic output and population.
-It is the largest province in terms of area.
-Quebec is home to the largest francophone population in the world outside of France.
Culture and Language
-🇫🇷📞400 years.
-The terms ________ (in French) or Quebecers (in English) have both evolved to refer to any 🏠 of Quebec regardless of mother tongue.
-🙅🇫🇷📞-🦠
-🇫🇷👅>🏴👅
-The distinct culture derives from the historical experience of francophones living in the area for over 400 years.
-The terms Quebecois (in French) or Quebecers (in English) have both evolved to refer to any resident of Quebec regardless of mother tongue. -Non-francophone residents tend to be clustered in specific parts of the province.
-Currently, 78% of the population in Quebec has French as their mother tongue.
Culture and Language
-______ and _____ tend to be concentrated in Montreal and Gatineau (across the river from Ottawa).
-Most ⛺️ live in NQ. Cree and I_____ form the majority of this population.
-^much more english in ______ than other parts of Quebec. Most public workers there are bilingual
-Anglophones and allophones tend to be concentrated in Montreal and Gatineau (across the river from Ottawa).
-Most Indigenous Peoples in the province live in northern Quebec. Cree and Inuit form the majority of this population
-^much more english in Montreal than other parts of Quebec. Most public workers there are bilingual
Language Law in Quebec
- 🇫🇷🗣️ pl 🇫🇷🧳🤝-> may 🤕🏴💼
-The objective of the law is to preserve French as the primary language in the region.
-🛬🇫🇷>🛬🏴
- French is the only official language in Quebec and provincial law requires businesses to use French. Some argue these laws have driven away English businesses and hurt the economy.
-The objective of the law is to preserve French as the primary language in the region.
-Most immigrants to Quebec today (75%) who speak neither French or English choose to learn French.
Population Growth in Quebec
-From 2016 to 2021, Q grew slow compated to 🌎
- relatively high BR in NQ, but the🛬🪫 outside of the ______CMA.
-Since 2000, the House of Commons has increased in size by 41 seats but only _ of those represent Quebec.
-In 1871, Quebec’s share of Canada’s population was 32%; however, it has since ……..
Population Growth in Quebec
-From 2016 to 2021, Quebec grew at a slower rate (4.1%) than the national average (5.2%).
-The birth rate is relatively high in Northern Quebec, but the immigration rate is very low in most areas that are outside of the Montreal CMA.
-Since 2000, the House of Commons has increased in size by 41 seats but only 2 of those represent Quebec.
-In 1871, Quebec’s share of Canada’s population was 32%; however, it has since declined to 23%
Decline in Canada’s Population Share
What has caused Quebec’s decline in Canada’s population share?
1.🛢️🚐⬅️
2.🛬🇫🇷🤝->🛬ON💼🤝
-
- Expansion and growth of the Canadian west (Alberta oil, growth of Vancouver, etc.).
- Relocation of businesses and corporate headquarters from Quebec to Ontario.
-As Quebec separatism movements gained momentum during the 1970s, some anglophone owned businesses and corporations left the province.
-They feared that an independent Quebec would lead to an unattractive business climate.
Note: anglo -English tong ; allo-neither eng or French tong
Physical Geography
–The 🦍🛡️.
-🥇 🥛🚜 and is found along the SLR between M and QC.
-The Gaspe Peninsula is in the __________ Uplands. It is very rugged and confines its small settlements to the coastline.
-📈🌧️->bc Atlantic Ocean.
-🦒⛪️
Physical Geography
–The Canadian Shield extends over 90% of Quebec.
-The best agricultural land is used primarily for dairy farming and is found along the St. Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City. -The Gaspe Peninsula is in the Appalachian Uplands. It is very rugged and confines its small settlements to the coastline.
-Precipitation in the province is relatively high due to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean.
-^common for the tallest building in towns of Quebec to be a catholic church.
The St. Lawrence River
-🏞️🦖💼
- GL 🛳️ AO
-D________ the river (🕳️) was required in order to prevent large freighters from running aground.
- _______ were constructed to allow ships to pass around rapids or waterfalls within the river.
-These became part of the St. Lawrence Seaway which opened in 1959 (path that the ships take, the ____ is the natural path that contains lots of obstacles).
The St. Lawrence River
-The river figures very prominently in Quebec’s history and economy.
- It is an essential part of water-based transportation in North America because it connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.
-Dredging the river (making it deeper and wider) was required in order to prevent large freighters from running aground.
- Canals were constructed to allow ships to pass around rapids or waterfalls within the river.
-These became part of the St. Lawrence Seaway which opened in 1959 (path that the ships take, the river is the natural path that contains lots of obstacles).
Environmental Issues
-⛏️🗑️ are evident within the 🛡️from closed 💨 and 🪙⛏️.
-Parts of the St. Lawrence River still contains 🧪🦖🚸
- 🦓 🪸
Environmental Issues
-Mining wastes are evident within the Canadian Shield from closed asbestos and nickel mines.
-Parts of the St. Lawrence River still contains high levels of toxic chemicals, lead, and mercury from older industrial processes.
-The zebra mussel is an invasive species that has negatively impacted aquatic ecosystems.
Zebra Mussel
- It is a small _______that was introduced to the St. Lawrence River by ships that originated in E
-🪠🏚️💰
Zebra Mussel
- It is a small mollusk that was introduced to the St. Lawrence River by ships that originated in Europe (came as we opened up our waterways to the world).
-Zebra mussels have blocked hundreds of pipelines and water intakes resulting in high costs to infrastructure maintenance.
Improving the Environment
–Today, all energy in Quebec is generated from 🔋🚰
-Q +P.E.I. 📉🧪
-________ _____: a gas that allows ☀️ radiation to pass through but absorbs 🏮 radiation from Earth. These gases are major contributors to climate change, ex. CO2. Prevents some of Earth’s heat from escaping into space.
-M🚗 ⛽️💸
-🚗 ⛽️💸-> 🤑🔋🚰
Improving the Environment
-Today, all energy in Quebec is generated from renewable hydroelectric sources.
-Quebec along with P.E.I. are the lowest per capita emitters of greenhouse gases of any province.
-Greenhouse Gas: a gas that allows solar radiation to pass through but absorbs infrared radiation from Earth. These gases are major contributors to climate change, ex. CO2. Prevents some of Earth’s heat from escaping into space.
-Motorists in Quebec are heavily taxed on gasoline (35 cents/litre plus 5% GST plus 10% PST).
-A portion of the gasoline tax is used to fund maintenance of the extensive hydroelectric energy system.
Historical Geography of Quebec: Timeline:
- 🆕🇫🇷.
-15🔺📦: C💍 sailed into C🍷 Bay and claimed the land for France. 🧭🫦SLR the following year. -
-The area was originally known as New France.
-1534: Cartier sailed into Chaleur Bay and claimed the land for France. He discovered the mouth of the St. Lawrence River the following year.
Historical Geography of Quebec: Timeline Continued:
-160🎱: 🍦 founded a💂🥅 at the current site of QC. He became known as ‘The 👨🏾 of 🆕🇫🇷’.
-16🍸: 🫙________ established V___-🇮🇹e, located at the confluence of the O and SLR.
Historical Geography of Quebec: Timeline Continued:
-1608: Champlain founded a fur trading post at the current site of Quebec City. He became known as ‘The Father of New France’.
-1642: Maisonneuve established Ville-Marie, located at the confluence of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers.
Historical Geography of Quebec: Timeline Continued2:
-Ville-marie was later renamed _______ (👑⛰️).
-17⭐️🐱: 🇬🇧🤺>🇫🇷 on the Plains of ____________________________________. After this defeat, the 🇬🇧📏 Quebec for over 100 years until confederation. Je me s______ = I remember, is the slogan on Quebec license plates, potentially referring to🧬🥖(government has never specifically said what it means).
Historical Geography of Quebec: Timeline Continued2:
-Ville-marie was later renamed Montreal (royal mountain).
-1759: The British defeated the French army on the Plains of Abraham. After this defeat, the British ruled Quebec for over 100 years until confederation. Je me souviens = I remember, is the slogan on Quebec license plates, potentially referring to remembering Quebec origins (government has never specifically said what it means).
Confederation: 1867
Quebec 👍 Confederation ->🧘♀️:
● ⚠️->💪💼+🛡️🤺🇺🇸
● 🇫🇷🗣️ 🆓🙏✅
● Provinces📚
● working especially with ON, Quebec could influence 🎩 +🌙👽 as the 🌾 continued to grow
Quebec agreed to Confederation because it would bring several benefits:
● union with the three other colonies would strengthen the overall economy and protect against potential U.S. annexation.
● French was an official language of the federal government and freedom of religion was a right.
● Provinces were given control over education.
● working especially with Ontario, Quebec could influence federal politics and shape the future of Canada as the West continued to grow
Geographic Expansion of Quebec
-1898: ⬆️⛏️🛡️
-1912: 🏞️x2to include the Inuit land of 🗿______.
- 19__: 😡Q 💧➗L
Geographic Expansion of Quebec
-1898: The federal government extends Quebec’s northern boundary into valuable mining lands well into the Canadian Shield.
-1912: Quebec nearly doubled in size when the land area was expanded to include the Inuit land of Nunavik.
- 1927: A court declared the boundary between Quebec and Labrador should follow the drainage basin divide. Quebec does not agree with this decision to this day.
Possible Expansions of Hydro-Quebec
-🔋🔌 in NB and NS 🥅
-🔝🔋-🤝NY+6 NE states
Possible Expansions of Hydro-Quebec
-Acquiring the electrical utilities in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia is a long-term goal.
-The strategy is to gain control of the power grid in these provinces to achieve complete dominance of energy in the area along with a share of the market in New York state and the 6 New England states
Attracting Large-Scale Industry
- Hydro-Quebec has indirectly improved Quebec’s economy by attracting 🦍⚖️🚸.
- 🔋🏷️-.25
Attracting Large-Scale Industry
- Hydro-Quebec has indirectly improved Quebec’s economy by attracting large-scale industrial development.
- Hydro-Quebec can offer energy to these industrial firms at a greatly discounted cost.
Hydroelectric Developments
Nunavik
-🦍 I____. Nunavik means “_________” in Inuktitut.
-almost all 1/15 villages 🎢
-🗣️👨⚖️-all ____
Nunavik
-Over 90% of the population in this area is Inuit. Nunavik means “great land” in Inuktitut.
-Almost all residents live in one of the 15 small villages along the coast.
-Negotiations are ongoing to establish a regional form of government that is controlled entirely by Inuit.
Regional Government in Nunavik
-This would be an elected parliamentary-stylem ______ and council but would not be considered a province or a territory.
-A ____ ______ would be responsible for administering health care, education, and social services.
- The government center would be in _______.
-Quebec would maintain 🧑🏻⚖️💰
Regional Government in Nunavik
-This would be an elected parliamentary-style cabinet and council but would not be considered a province or a territory.
-A public service would be responsible for administering health care, education, and social services.
- The government center would be in Kuujuaq.
-Quebec would maintain jurisdiction over the area and provide funding to the regional government.
Mining in Northern Quebec
-🔑💼
-💠 over 7 bill
-I🦍🏋️♀️,c🥉,g⚱️
Mining in Northern Quebec
-Mining is a key component of the economy in Northern Quebec.
-The annual value of mineral production in Northern Quebec is over $7 billion.
-Iron ore is the most common type of mine followed by copper, and gold. Most of the iron ore mined in Canada comes from Quebec
Urbanization in Quebec
-80%+
-70%+ live in one of 6 CMAs:
● M,QC, G, Sh, Sag, and T-R
-Saguenay 02= C🐿️+J🏳️🌈
-__________ is the largest CMA. (prefera hahaha hehehe)
Urbanization in Quebec
-Over 80% of Quebec’s population lives in an urban area.
-Over 70% of the population live in one of 6 CMAs:
● Montreal, Quebec City, Gatineau, Sherbrooke, Saguenay, and Trois-Rivieres.
Saguenay is the name of 2 cities that merged in 2002 (Chicoutimi and Jonquiere).
-^Montreal is the largest CMA.
Montreal
- 🎬,🧫,🚸. Its name is French for 👑⛰️
-GL🚢AO
- 🏝️in the SLR.
-DT🦍🇫🇷…⬅️📐📞
Montreal
-Montreal is the commercial, cultural, and industrial centre of Quebec. Its name is French for Royal Mountain (a large hill in the centre of the city).
-It serves as a major port and trans-shipment point between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean.
- The city is located on an island in the St. Lawrence River.
-Downtown is primarily French but the western end has a large anglophone population.
Quebec City
-PC🏛️
-🇨🇳🦖
-The economy is dependent on :👩🏻⚖️pgj and 🗺️.
Quebec City
-Quebec City is the provincial capital.
-It is the only walled city in North America and features buildings over 300 years old.
-The economy is dependent on provincial government jobs and tourism.
The Eastern Townships (_____)
-SLR➡️ in the Au😱
-🌉is the largest city in this area.
The Eastern Townships (Estrie)
-This is a scenic area east of the St. Lawrence River in the Appalachian Uplands.
-Sherbrooke is the largest city in this area.
