W2 ethics + guidelines

Question 1

Nuremberg code after Germany history 1847

Answer 1

medical experiments:
- need voluntary consent
- risk shouldnt outweigh importance
- end experiment
- beneficial for society

Question 2

migram obedience experiments 1974

Answer 2

willingness of participants to administer electrical shocks
- 65% administered up to 450volts

breached ethics – inflicted harm, participants thought real

Question 3

belmont report 1979

Answer 3

meeting of scientists etc
made principles
- principle of respect for persons
- principle of beneficence
- principle of justice

Question 3

tindale + birdsell expeditions

Answer 3

study on aboriginal cultures
- no consent
- collected samples
- ethical issues

Question 4

Australian guidelines
national health and medical research council

Answer 4

• research merit and integrity
• justice - fair inclusion/exclusion
• beneficence (benefit justify harm)
• respect - ppl have intrinsic value

Question 5

university guidelines
human research ethics council

Answer 5

• meet and review research
• approval by HREC

Question 6

CROSS CULTUAL RESEARCH

WEIRD psychology

Answer 6

• western
• educated
• industrialised
• rich
• democracies
  –> 96% of psyc research participants from western nations

eg. Muller-Lyer illusion changes across society, WEIRD more susceptible

Question 7

Cultural psychology =

Answer 7

the study of the way culture traditions and social practices regulate, transform, permute the human psyche
Shewder 1990

cultures change, not stable

Question 8

Qualitative methods

Answer 8

• its descriptive
• interested in subjectivity - feeling, dialogue
• not subjective - sampling to establish facts
• establish causality

Question 9

qualitative research can address problems:

Answer 9

• culture - abstract, stereotypes
• transferability - do constructs transfer across culture?
• measurement - validation of tools, eg questionnaires

Question 10

NHMRC guidelines - indigenous australians

Answer 10

improve research with communities
enhance rights of people
appropriate research methodologies

Question 11

Core values

Answer 11

ethical practical relationships
respect values
future research take past into consideration

Question 12

cultural continuity

Answer 12

• understand experiences, perception of research exploitative
• social importance community bonds
• active engagement with community + people
• values-based identity of ppl

Question 13

Equity

Answer 13

• value of collective memory, wisdom of ind.austr.
• biological and genetic resources
• fair and reasonable distribution of research

Question 14

Respect

Answer 14

• support right to different values
• awareness of own beliefs, attitudes
• support ppl and community in process
• ensure trust + engagement
• awareness of consequences
• mutual agreement

Question 15

reciprocity

Answer 15

• right to define benefits
• benefits are different forms eg money, knowledge
• discussions

Question 16

responsibility

Answer 16

• do no harm
• establish processes - researcher accountability
• protect participant rights

Question 17

spirit and integrity

Answer 17

• respect for Indige. aust cultural inheriance, intergenerational
• ensure credibility of intent in research planning