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HEMATOLOGY PPT (3rd year) > W5 > Flashcards

W5 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

A MEASURE OF BLOOD’S CAPACITY TO CARRY OXYGEN

A

HEMOGLOBIN

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2
Q

HEMOGLOBIN MOLECULE THAT CONTAINS IRON

A

HEME

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3
Q

RBC – IS CRUCIAL TO ITS FUNCTION,
ALLOWING FOR CLOSE TO MAXIMUM SURFACE- TO –VOLUME RATIO

A

BICONCAVE DISC SHAPE

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4
Q

RBC: AVERAGE - IN VOLUME

A

90FL

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5
Q

RBC: SURFACE AREA

A

140UM

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6
Q

A NORMAL RBC= – DEFORMABILITY

A

INCREASE

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7
Q

RBC IS - TO CATIONS (NA, K, CA)

A

IMPERMEABLE

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8
Q

RBC IS - TO WATER AND HCO3 AND CL

A

PERMEABLE

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9
Q

RBC: LIFESPAN

A

120 DAYS

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10
Q
  • RESPOND TO A LOWER THAN NORMAL OXYGEN
    CONCENTRATION IN THE BLOOD BY RELEASING THE HORMONE
    ERYTHROPOIETIN.
A

KIDNEYS

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11
Q

KIDNEYS RESPOND TO A LOWER THAN NORMAL OXYGEN
CONCENTRATION IN THE BLOOD BY RELEASING THE HORMONE -

A

ERYTHROPOIETIN

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12
Q

ERYTHROPOIETIN TRAVELS TO THE - BONE MARROW AND
STIMULATES AN INCREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF RED BLOOD
CELLS (RBCS).

A

RED BM

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13
Q

DAMAGED OR OLD RBCS ARE DESTROYED PRIMARILY BY THE -

A

SPLEEN

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14
Q

THE BODY STORES IRON IN HGB -%

A

65%

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15
Q
A

FERRITIN AND HEMOSIDERIN

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16
Q
A

TRANSFERRIN

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17
Q

TOO FEW RBCS LEADS TO -

A

TISSUE HYPOXIA

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18
Q

TOO MANY RBCS INCREASES BLOOD -

A

VISCOSITY

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19
Q

−DIRECT STIMULUS FOR ERYTHROPOIESIS
−RELEASED BY THE KIDNEYS IN RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA

A

ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO)

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20
Q

−REDUCED AVAILABILITY OF O2 (E.G., HIGH ALTITUDES)
−INSUFFICIENT HEMOGLOBIN (E.G., IRON DEFICIENCY)
−HEMORRHAGE OR INCREASED RBC DESTRUCTION
REDUCES RBC NUMBERS

A

HYPOXIA

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21
Q

ALSO ENHANCES EPO PRODUCTION,
RESULTING IN HIGHER RBC COUNTS IN MALES

A

TESTOSTERONE

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22
Q

ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE

Composition:
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates

A

Proteins -50%
Lipids - 40%
Carbohydrates - 10%

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23
Q

COMPOSITION OF THE ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE

EXTERNAL SURFACE OF THE RED CELL
ANTIGENS OF THE ABO BLOOD GROUP

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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24
Q

COMPOSITION OF THE ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE

% FREE UNESTERIFIED CHOLESTEROL

A

30

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25
COMPOSITION OF THE ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE % GLYCERIDES AND FREE FATTY ACIDS
10
26
COMPOSITION OF THE ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE % PHOSPHOLIPIDS
60
27
MOLECULES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY A POLAR HEAD GROUP ATTACHED TO A NON-POLAR FATTY ACID TAIL
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
28
IS UNESTERIFIED AND LIES BETWEEN THE TWO LAYERS OF THE LIPID BILAYER.
CHOLESTEROL
29
AN IMPORTANT DETERMINANT OF MEMBRANE SURFACE AREA AND FLUIDITY
CHOLESTEROL
30
INTERACT TO FORM A CYTOSKELETON
PERIPHERAL PROTEINS
31
ACTS AS A TOUGH SUPPORTING FRAMEWORK FOR THE LIPID BILAYER
CYTOSKELETON
32
FOUR PERIPHERAL PROTEINS PLAY A KEY ROLE IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE RED CELL CYTOSKELETON
1. SPECTRIN 2. ANKYRIN 3. PROTEIN 4.1 4. ACTIN 'SAPA'
33
COMPOSITION OF THE ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE THESE PENETRATE THE LIPID BILAYER AND ARE FIRMLY ANCHORED WITHIN IT
INTEGRAL PROTEINS
34
Cholesterol content of the membrane depends upon the concentration of plasma cholesterols, bile acids, and the activity of the enzyme
Lecithin:Cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)
35
OXIDATION OF THE NORMAL FERROUS STATE TO THE FERRIC STATE RESULTS IN - WHICH DOES NOT DELIVER OXYGEN NORMALLY 1% TO 3% OF OXYGEN IS OXIDIZED TO -
METHEMOGLOBIN
36
OXIDATION OF SULFHYDRYL GROUPS CAUSES HEMOGLOBIN PRECIPITATION
HEINZ BODY FORMATION
37
METABOLISM OF RED BLOOD CELL Glucose enters the RBC without energy expenditure via the transmembrane protein GLUT-1
Embden Meyerhof Pathway
38
METABOLISM OF RED BLOOD CELL most common enzyme deficiency
PYRUVATE KINASE DEFICIENCY
39
METABOLISM OF RED BLOOD CELL is involved for reducing ferric iron into ferrous state
Cytochrome B5 reductase / methemoglobin reductase
40
METABOLISM OF RED BLOOD CELL Generates 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) that decreases hemoglobin affinity to oxygen
Rapoport – Leubering Pathway
41
Rapoport – Leubering Pathway ↑2,3DG = ↓Hb affinity to Oxygen (Shift to the -)
Right
42
Rapoport – Leubering Pathway ↓2,3DPG = ↑ Hb affinity to Oxygen (Shift to the -)
Left
43
METABOLISM OF RED BLOOD CELL 90% glycolysis; anaerobic
Embden Meyerhof Pathway
44
METABOLISM OF RED BLOOD CELL 10% GLYCOLYSIS; AEROBIC
Hexose monophosphate Shunt/ Pentose Phosphate pathway
45
extends the functional life span of the RBC
Hexose monophosphate Shunt
46
METABOLISM OF RED BLOOD CELL most common inherited enzyme deficiency and is associated with Heinz bodies
G6PD DEFICIENCY
47
METABOLIC PATHWAYS IN ERYTHROCYTE MAINTAINS CELLULLAR ENERGY BY GENERATING ATP
EMBDEN-MEYERHOF PATHWAY
48
METABOLIC PATHWAYS IN ERYTHROCYTE PREVENTS DENATURATION OF GLOBIN OF THE HEMOGLOBIN MOLECULE BY OXIDATION
HEXOSE MONOPHOSPHATE SHUNT
49
METABOLIC PATHWAYS IN ERYTHROCYTE PREVENTS OXIDATION OF HEME IRON
METHEMOGLOBIN REDUCTASE PATHWAY
50
METABOLIC PATHWAYS IN ERYTHROCYTE REGULATES OXYGEB AFFINITY OF HEMOGLOBIN
LUEBERING-RAPAPORT PATHWAY
51
IS A SPLENIC FUNCTION WHEREIN OLD/AGED/SENESCENT RED BLOOD CELLS ARE FILTERED AND DESTROYED THROUGH THE PHAGOCYTOSIS OF SPLENIC MACROPHAGES
CULLING
52
TYPES OF RBC DESTRUCTION ▪ 90% OF RBC DESTRUCTION ▪ ALSO KNOWN AS THE MACROPHAGE MEDIATED HEMOLYSIS
EXTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS
53
TYPES OF RBC DESTRUCTION ▪ ≤10% OF RBC DESTRUCTION
INTRAVASCULAR/FRAGMENTATION HEMOLYSIS
54
EXTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS returned or erythroid precursors in the bone marrow or stored as ferritin or hemosiderin within the macrophages
IRON
55
EXTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS broken down and recycled into amino acid pool
GLOBIN
56
EXTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS disassembled with its alpha carbon exhaled in the form of carbon monoxide while biliverdin is converted to bilirubin and eventually urobilinogen which is then excreted in the feces and urine.
PROTOPORPHYRIN
57
TYPES OF RBC DESTRUCTION ▪ Happens when complement is not activated or incompletely activated.
EXTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS
58
TYPES OF RBC DESTRUCTION ▪ Associated with Rh hemolysis
EXTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS
59
TYPES OF RBC DESTRUCTION ▪ INCREASED UNCONJUGATED BILIRUBIN
EXTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS
60
TYPES OF RBC DESTRUCTION ▪ INCREASED URINE AND FECAL UROBILINOGEN
EXTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS
61
TYPES OF RBC DESTRUCTION ▪ PBS: SPHEROCYTES
EXTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS
61
TYPES OF RBC DESTRUCTION ▪ PBS: SPHEROCYTES
EXTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS
62
TYPES OF RBC DESTRUCTION ▪ Hemoglobin disssociates into alpha-beta dimers picked up by the protein carrier haptoglobin and brought to the liver for processing
INTRAVASCULAR/FRAGMENTATION HEMOLYSIS
63
TYPES OF RBC DESTRUCTION ▪ When haptoglobin is depleted, unbound hemoglobin appears in the plasma
INTRAVASCULAR/FRAGMENTATION HEMOLYSIS
64
TYPES OF RBC DESTRUCTION ▪ Free hemoglobin also appears in the urine ▪ Hemoglobin not excreted by the kidney or bound to haptoglobin is oxidized to methemoglobin
INTRAVASCULAR/FRAGMENTATION HEMOLYSIS
65
TYPES OF RBC DESTRUCTION ▪ Happens when complement is completely activated ▪ Associated with ABO hemolysis ▪ Decreased haptoglobin and hemopexin ▪ Hemoglobinemia ▪ Hemoglobinuria
INTRAVASCULAR/FRAGMENTATION HEMOLYSIS

HEMATOLOGY PPT (3rd year) (5 decks)

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