Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

#NUR2225 > W5 Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar affective disorder > Flashcards

W5 Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar affective disorder Flashcards

(129 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is anxiety?

A

Anxiety itself is not a disorder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What defines an anxiety disorder?

A

Disorders involving excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disturbances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between fear and anxiety?

A

Fear = response to imminent threat; Anxiety = anticipation of future threat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are common features of anxiety disorders?

A

Often involve avoidance behaviours; May co-occur with other anxiety or depressive disorders; Typically persistent (6+ months); Early treatment increases likelihood of recovery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the types of anxiety disorders.

A
  • Separation Anxiety Disorder
  • Selective Mutism
  • Specific Phobia
  • Social Anxiety Disorder
  • Panic Disorder
  • Agoraphobia
  • Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
  • Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety
  • Anxiety due to medical condition
  • Other/Unspecified Anxiety Disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the anxiety continuum?

A

Levels of symptoms range from mild (slight ↑HR/BP) to panic (dilated pupils, freezing/fleeing).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the psychological responses to anxiety?

A
  • Edgy
  • Nervous
  • Frightened
  • Fearful
  • Jittery
  • Impatient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are cognitive distortions associated with anxiety?

A
  • Mental filter
  • Catastrophising
  • Black & white thinking
  • Overgeneralisation
  • Emotional reasoning
  • Labelling
  • ‘Shoulding’ and ‘musting’
  • Personalisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are common physical symptoms of anxiety?

A
  • ↑ BP/HR
  • Palpitations
  • Shortness of breath
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhoea
  • Sweating
  • Dizziness
  • Vomiting
  • Appetite loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

A
  • Excessive anxiety/worry on most days for 6+ months
  • Difficult to control the worry
  • 3+ symptoms: Restlessness, Fatigue, Poor concentration, Irritability, Muscle tension, Sleep disturbance
  • Causes significant distress or functional impairment
  • Not due to substances, medical condition, or another disorder.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What characterizes a panic attack?

A

Sudden intense fear without real threat; Symptoms include palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, fear of dying.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are immediate nursing interventions for a panic attack?

A
  • Stay with person, reassure
  • Stay calm and use short/simple sentences
  • Remove to quiet, safe space
  • Administer meds if prescribed.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What ongoing nursing interventions can be applied for panic attacks?

A
  • Educate about panic attacks
  • Teach coping techniques (breathing, reframing)
  • Explore stressors and triggers
  • Refer to GP if no history.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What assessment tools are used for anxiety disorders?

A
  • Hamilton Anxiety Scale
  • Yale-Brown OCD Scale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some questions to ask during an anxiety assessment?

A
  • What are your symptoms/fears?
  • How long have you had them?
  • How do they affect you?
  • What helps when symptoms appear?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are acute nursing interventions for anxiety?

A
  • Reduce demands, create calm space
  • Provide regular feedback and highlight success
  • Encourage relaxation and coping skills
  • Identify triggers and evaluate medication need.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some psychological treatment approaches for anxiety?

A
  • CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy)
  • ACT
  • Narrative Therapy
  • Group Therapy
  • Systematic Desensitisation
  • Compassion-Focused Therapy.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the preferred first-line pharmacological treatment for anxiety?

A

Antidepressants (SSRIs).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are common side effects of SSRIs?

A
  • Anxiety
  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Sleep issues
  • Sexual dysfunction.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fill in the blank: Panic attacks are not classified as a _______ but can occur within many disorders.

A

disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

True or False: Benzodiazepines are considered first-line treatment for anxiety.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the first step in supporting a person experiencing anxiety?

A

Recognise the experience

This involves acknowledging the individual’s feelings and symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a key approach when communicating with someone who is anxious?

A

Convey calmness and confidence

This helps in containing their anxiety.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What should be avoided when communicating with a person experiencing anxiety?

A

Medical terminology and jargon

These can impede the therapeutic relationship.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What listening skills should be employed when supporting a person with anxiety?
Active listening skills ## Footnote Being supportive and providing reassurance are also important.
26
What should you encourage a person experiencing anxiety to do?
Discuss their feelings and share their thoughts ## Footnote Acknowledge, validate, clarify, and empathize with their experiences.
27
What may people with anxiety disorders fear?
Perceived rejection ## Footnote They may be sensitive to any indication of being judged.
28
What is one of the nursing interventions for supporting a person with anxiety?
Help them break the vicious cycle of anxiety ## Footnote This can be done by distracting thoughts away from worries.
29
What are common physiological symptoms of anxiety, and what nursing strategies can help reduce them?
Physiological symptoms include increased heart rate, rapid breathing, muscle tension, sweating, and elevated blood pressure. Nursing strategies to reduce these include: * Encouraging slow, deep breathing * Creating a calm, low-stimulus environment * Using grounding techniques * Offering reassurance and presence
30
What type of medications are often used for long-term treatment of anxiety?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) ## Footnote Examples include sertraline, escitalopram, and venlafaxine.
31
What does the mnemonic FINISH summarize?
Symptoms of antidepressant discontinuation syndrome ## Footnote Each letter represents a different symptom experienced during withdrawal.
32
What are the main symptoms included in the FINISH mnemonic?
* Flu-like symptoms * Insomnia * Nausea * Imbalance * Sensory disturbances * Hyperarousal ## Footnote These symptoms can occur when discontinuing antidepressant medications.
33
For what purpose and duration are benzodiazepines typically prescribed in anxiety management?
Benzodiazepines are prescribed for short-term relief of severe or acute anxiety symptoms. ## Footnote They act quickly to reduce anxiety but carry risks of dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal, so they are not recommended for long-term use.
34
What are some adverse effects of benzodiazepines?
Drowsiness and sedation ## Footnote Users should be educated about the effects and risks involved.
35
What should be avoided when using benzodiazepines?
* Driving a car * Operating heavy machinery * Mixing with alcohol ## Footnote These can lead to respiratory depression and other risks.
36
What is an important consideration when treating anxiety?
A holistic approach tailored to the individual's needs ## Footnote Non-pharmacological methods should also be explored.
37
What is Major Depressive Disorder?
A serious mental health condition characterized by low mood or loss of interest/pleasure in activities present most of the day for at least two weeks.
38
List the key features of depressive disorders.
* Sad, empty, or irritable mood * Significant impact on functioning * Not caused by a chemical imbalance * Affects anyone
39
What are common cognitive themes in depression?
* Ruminating * Ambivalence * Helplessness * Hopelessness
40
What are common thoughts experienced by individuals with depression?
* Overwhelmed * Indecisive * Guilty * Lacking confidence * Sad, disappointed, or miserable
41
What feelings are commonly associated with depression?
* Irritable * Frustrated * Unhappy * Unmotivated
42
What behavioral changes may occur in someone with depression?
* Withdrawal from family/friends * Not completing tasks * Avoiding enjoyable activities * Substance use * Difficulty concentrating
43
What physical symptoms can accompany depression?
* Constant fatigue * Headaches, stomach issues * Sleep disturbances * Appetite changes * Weight gain/loss
44
Name the types of depression listed in DSM-5-TR.
* Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder * Major Depressive Disorder (incl. Postpartum Depression) * Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) * Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder * Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder * Depressive Disorder due to Another Medical Condition * Other Specified or Unspecified Depressive Disorders
45
What are the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for a Major Depressive Episode?
A. ≥5 symptoms over a 2-week period, including: 1. Depressed mood (or irritability in children/adolescents) 2. Loss of interest/pleasure 3. Significant weight/appetite change 4. Insomnia/hypersomnia 5. Psychomotor agitation/retardation 6. Fatigue 7. Feelings of worthlessness or guilt 8. Difficulty concentrating or indecisiveness 9. Recurrent thoughts of death/suicide
46
What is included in the assessment of depression?
* Evaluate suicide risk * Medical/family/social history * Drug & alcohol use * Physical examination * Severity of symptoms
47
What are some screening tools for depression?
* Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) * Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham-D) * Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale * Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)
48
What classes of antidepressants are used in treatment?
* MAOIs * Tricyclics * SSRIs * SNRIs * Ketamine and related drugs
49
List some psychotherapy options for treating depression.
* Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) * Interpersonal Therapy * Psychoeducation * Exercise programs
50
What are some somatic treatments for depression?
* Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) * Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) * Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) * Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) * Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) * Magnetic Seizure Therapy
51
What nursing interventions can support individuals experiencing depression?
* Ask about suicidal thoughts * Keep environment safe * Encourage self-care and independence * Support sleep hygiene * Build a therapeutic relationship * Use empathy and active listening
52
What health teaching and promotion strategies are recommended for depression?
* Educate about depression and its symptoms * Explain medication rationales and effects * Describe the negative cognitive triad (self, world, future) * Promote mindfulness, thought challenging, peer support, healthy lifestyle behaviours
53
What are key components of recovery and relapse prevention in depression?
* Ongoing self-monitoring * Support systems * Active coping strategies * Professional support and early intervention
54
True or False: Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide.
True
55
Fill in the blank: The DSM-5-TR specifies that a Major Depressive Episode includes at least _______ symptoms over a 2-week period.
5
56
What common experience do many people face related to mental health?
Depression and anxiety together ## Footnote This is a criticism of using diagnostic tools like the DSM 5.
57
What is a key criticism of using the DSM 5 for diagnosing mental health conditions?
People's experiences often don't perfectly align with diagnostic criteria ## Footnote This highlights the uniqueness of individual experiences.
58
What is the number one priority for a nurse working with a person having suicidal thoughts?
Safety ## Footnote This includes assessing risk of suicide and self-harm.
59
What are some possible thoughts associated with self-harm in individuals experiencing depression?
Thoughts about harming self, e.g., cutting skin, burning self ## Footnote Self-harm may be the only coping strategy for some individuals.
60
What physical health issues can arise from depression?
Significant weight loss or gain, sleep disturbances, loss of energy ## Footnote These factors contribute to poor physical health.
61
How can depression affect social interactions?
It can lead to social isolation ## Footnote Some individuals find it hard to be around others.
62
What substances may some individuals misuse as a coping mechanism for depression?
Alcohol and other substances ## Footnote This is often a maladaptive coping strategy.
63
What should be considered when communicating with a person experiencing depression?
Be patient, speak clearly, allow silence, offer encouragement ## Footnote It's important to avoid filling silence with meaningless conversation.
64
What are some nursing interventions for supporting a person with depression?
Monitoring safety, promoting social connections, promoting physical activity, sleep hygiene, promoting self-care, scheduling pleasurable activities, therapeutic communication ## Footnote Interventions should be tailored to individual needs.
65
What types of depression indicate the need for antidepressant medication?
Major depression, melancholia, psychotic depression ## Footnote Major depression is characterized by marked symptoms and functional impairment.
66
True or False: All individuals with depression experience the same symptoms.
False ## Footnote Each individual’s experience with depression can vary significantly.
67
Fill in the blank: The experience of depression can involve thoughts about _______.
dying ## Footnote This can range from suicidal ideation without a plan to a suicide attempt.
68
What is an important aspect of conveying hope to someone with depression?
Avoid offering false reassurances ## Footnote Genuine support is crucial for recovery.
69
What is Bipolar Affective Disorder?
Bipolar Affective Disorder refers to the experience of having periods of depression and mania.
70
What characterizes Bipolar I Disorder?
Bipolar I Disorder is characterized by at least one episode of mania during the person's lifetime.
71
What characterizes Bipolar II Disorder?
Bipolar II Disorder is characterized by at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode without a history of mania.
72
What is the DSM-V-TR criteria for a manic episode?
A manic episode criteria includes: * Distinct period of elevated mood lasting at least 1 week * Three or more specific symptoms * Severe enough to cause impairment or require hospitalization * Not attributable to substance effects or another medical condition.
73
What are the symptoms of a manic episode according to DSM-V-TR?
Symptoms include: * Inflated self-esteem * Decreased need for sleep * Increased talkativeness * Flight of ideas * Distractibility * Increased goal-directed activity * Excessive involvement in risky activities.
74
What is the DSM-V-TR criteria for a hypomanic episode?
A hypomanic episode criteria includes: * Lasting at least 4 consecutive days * Three or more symptoms similar to mania * Observable change in functioning * Not severe enough to cause marked impairment or require hospitalization.
75
What is the typical appearance of a person experiencing mania?
Well-groomed but flamboyantly dressed, may appear restless or hyperactive.
76
How does speech typically manifest in a person experiencing mania?
Speech is usually rapid, loud, difficult to interrupt, and may be tangential.
77
What are common risks associated with mania?
Common risks include: * Heightened risk-taking behavior * Vulnerability to being taken advantage of * Financial mismanagement * Disinhibited behavior * Substance misuse * Poor physical health * Stigma.
78
What should be considered when communicating with a person experiencing mania?
Considerations include: * Stay calm * Use simple communication * Set boundaries * Avoid arguments * Don’t take things personally * Communicate empathy.
79
What are nursing interventions for mania and hypomania?
Nursing interventions include: * Keeping the person safe * Promoting sleep * Promoting self-care * Ensuring adequate diet and fluids * Monitoring physical health.
80
What medications are commonly prescribed for bipolar affective disorder?
Common medications include: * Mood stabilizers: lithium, sodium valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine * Antipsychotics: risperidone, quetiapine, asenapine, ziprasidone.
81
True or False: A person with Bipolar II Disorder has a history of mania.
False.
82
Fill in the blank: The experience of mania can make it challenging for people to take care of their _______.
[physical health]
83
Q1: What is the difference between fear and anxiety? A. Fear is anticipation of future threat, anxiety is response to imminent threat B. Fear is a hallucination, anxiety is a delusion C. Fear is response to imminent threat, anxiety is anticipation of future threat D. There is no difference
Q1: What is the difference between fear and anxiety? A. Fear is anticipation of future threat, anxiety is response to imminent threat B. Fear is a hallucination, anxiety is a delusion C. Fear is response to imminent threat, anxiety is anticipation of future threat ✅ D. There is no difference
84
Q2: Which disorder is not classified as an anxiety disorder? A. Panic Disorder B. Generalised Anxiety Disorder C. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder D. Agoraphobia
Q2: Which disorder is not classified as an anxiety disorder? A. Panic Disorder B. Generalised Anxiety Disorder C. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ✅ D. Agoraphobia
85
Q3: Which term describes false sensory perceptions without external stimuli? A. Obsessions B. Hallucinations C. Flashbacks D. Illusions
Q3: Which term describes false sensory perceptions without external stimuli? A. Obsessions B. Hallucinations ✅ C. Flashbacks D. Illusions
86
Q4: What is a core feature of Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)? A. Sudden episodes of intense fear B. Excessive worry on most days for at least 6 months C. Re-experiencing trauma D. Obsessive thoughts and compulsions
Q4: What is a core feature of Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)? A. Sudden episodes of intense fear B. Excessive worry on most days for at least 6 months ✅ C. Re-experiencing trauma D. Obsessive thoughts and compulsions
87
Q5: What physical symptom is commonly seen in anxiety? A. Slow heart rate B. Weight gain C. Dizziness D. Hair loss
Q5: What physical symptom is commonly seen in anxiety? A. Slow heart rate B. Weight gain C. Dizziness ✅ D. Hair loss
88
Q6: What should be avoided when communicating with a person with anxiety? A. Active listening B. Using medical jargon C. Providing reassurance D. Acknowledging feelings
Q6: What should be avoided when communicating with a person with anxiety? A. Active listening B. Using medical jargon ✅ C. Providing reassurance D. Acknowledging feelings
89
Q7: Which best describes a panic attack? A. A long-term episode of sadness B. An abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort C. Repetitive thoughts and rituals D. Elevated and expansive mood
Q7: Which best describes a panic attack? A. A long-term episode of sadness B. An abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort ✅ C. Repetitive thoughts and rituals D. Elevated and expansive mood
90
Q8: Which neurotransmitter is primarily targeted by SSRIs? A. Dopamine B. Norepinephrine C. GABA D. Serotonin
Q8: Which neurotransmitter is primarily targeted by SSRIs? A. Dopamine B. Norepinephrine C. GABA D. Serotonin ✅
91
Q9: Which is a characteristic of a manic episode? A. Depressed mood for 2 weeks B. Elevated or irritable mood lasting at least 7 days C. Excessive sleep D. No impact on social or occupational functioning
Q9: Which is a characteristic of a manic episode? A. Depressed mood for 2 weeks B. Elevated or irritable mood lasting at least 7 days ✅ C. Excessive sleep D. No impact on social or occupational functioning
92
Q10: Which is a recommended nursing intervention for a panic attack? A. Ask them to explain the cause B. Give long explanations C. Use short, simple sentences D. Tell them it’s not real
Q10: Which is a recommended nursing intervention for a panic attack? A. Ask them to explain the cause B. Give long explanations C. Use short, simple sentences ✅ D. Tell them it’s not real
93
Q11: Which cognitive distortion involves thinking in extremes? A. Catastrophising B. Overgeneralisation C. Black and white thinking D. Personalisation
Q11: Which cognitive distortion involves thinking in extremes? A. Catastrophising B. Overgeneralisation C. Black and white thinking ✅ D. Personalisation
94
Q12: Which is a common behavioural response to anxiety? A. Euphoria B. Avoidance C. Hallucinations D. Grandiosity
Q12: Which is a common behavioural response to anxiety? A. Euphoria B. Avoidance ✅ C. Hallucinations D. Grandiosity
95
Q13: Which screening tool is used to assess anxiety? A. Beck Depression Inventory B. Yale-Brown OCD Scale C. Zung Scale D. Kessler 10
Q13: Which screening tool is used to assess anxiety? A. Beck Depression Inventory B. Yale-Brown OCD Scale ✅ C. Zung Scale D. Kessler 10
96
Q14: Which antidepressant class is preferred first-line for anxiety? A. Tricyclics B. Benzodiazepines C. SSRIs D. MAOIs
Q14: Which antidepressant class is preferred first-line for anxiety? A. Tricyclics B. Benzodiazepines C. SSRIs ✅ D. MAOIs
97
Q15: What is a potential issue with benzodiazepines? A. They are stimulating B. They are slow-acting C. They cause addiction D. They take weeks to work
Q15: What is a potential issue with benzodiazepines? A. They are stimulating B. They are slow-acting C. They cause addiction ✅ D. They take weeks to work
98
Q16: Which is NOT a symptom of depression? A. Fatigue B. Grandiosity C. Appetite change D. Hopelessness
Q16: Which is NOT a symptom of depression? A. Fatigue B. Grandiosity ✅ C. Appetite change D. Hopelessness
99
Q17: Which best defines a hypomanic episode? A. Severe mood disturbance requiring hospitalisation B. Mood and energy increase for 1 week C. Mood and energy increase for at least 4 days without marked impairment D. Elevated mood with hallucinations
Q17: Which best defines a hypomanic episode? A. Severe mood disturbance requiring hospitalisation B. Mood and energy increase for 1 week C. Mood and energy increase for at least 4 days without marked impairment ✅ D. Elevated mood with hallucinations
100
Q18: What physical symptom is linked with long-term anxiety? A. Strong immunity B. Neuronal death C. Increased appetite D. Sleepwalking
Q18: What physical symptom is linked with long-term anxiety? A. Strong immunity B. Neuronal death ✅ C. Increased appetite D. Sleepwalking
101
Q19: Which thought is typical in depression? A. “I’m in control” B. “I’m a failure” C. “Everyone loves me” D. “Nothing can go wrong”
Q19: Which thought is typical in depression? A. “I’m in control” B. “I’m a failure” ✅ C. “Everyone loves me” D. “Nothing can go wrong”
102
Q20: Which approach is commonly used in therapy for depression and anxiety? A. Exposure therapy only B. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) C. Deep Brain Stimulation D. Biofeedback
Q20: Which approach is commonly used in therapy for depression and anxiety? A. Exposure therapy only B. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) ✅ C. Deep Brain Stimulation D. Biofeedback
103
Q21: Which of the following is part of the DSM-5 criteria for a major depressive episode? A. Increased speech B. Inflated self-esteem C. Loss of interest/pleasure D. Grandiose delusions
Q21: Which of the following is part of the DSM-5 criteria for a major depressive episode? A. Increased speech B. Inflated self-esteem C. Loss of interest/pleasure ✅ D. Grandiose delusions
104
Q22: Which symptom of anxiety is psychological/affective? A. Sweating B. Diarrhoea C. Feeling jittery D. Nausea
Q22: Which symptom of anxiety is psychological/affective? A. Sweating B. Diarrhoea C. Feeling jittery ✅ D. Nausea
105
Q23: What is the most important priority for nurses when working with someone with suicidal thoughts? A. Explore childhood trauma B. Safety C. Talk about medication D. Encourage group therapy
Q23: What is the most important priority for nurses when working with someone with suicidal thoughts? A. Explore childhood trauma B. Safety ✅ C. Talk about medication D. Encourage group therapy
106
Q24: What does the acronym FINISH refer to? A. SSRI side effects B. Benzodiazepine benefits C. Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome D. Mania symptoms
Q24: What does the acronym FINISH refer to? A. SSRI side effects B. Benzodiazepine benefits C. Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome ✅ D. Mania symptoms
107
Q25: What is a risk of mania? A. Slowed thoughts B. Low energy C. Disinhibited behaviour D. Weight loss only
Q25: What is a risk of mania? A. Slowed thoughts B. Low energy C. Disinhibited behaviour ✅ D. Weight loss only
108
Q26: What should nurses avoid during manic episodes? A. Setting boundaries B. Calm communication C. Arguments about beliefs D. Monitoring safety
Q26: What should nurses avoid during manic episodes? A. Setting boundaries B. Calm communication C. Arguments about beliefs ✅ D. Monitoring safety
109
Q27: Which is NOT part of the cognitive triad in depression? A. Self B. World C. Past D. Future
Q27: Which is NOT part of the cognitive triad in depression? A. Self B. World C. Past ✅ D. Future
110
Q28: Which is a nursing strategy to support sleep in mania? A. Stimulants B. Reassurance only C. Promote calmness D. Avoid routine
Q28: Which is a nursing strategy to support sleep in mania? A. Stimulants B. Reassurance only C. Promote calmness ✅ D. Avoid routine
111
Q29: What physical feature might appear in someone experiencing mania? A. Underweight B. Flamboyant clothing C. Slurred speech D. Lethargy
Q29: What physical feature might appear in someone experiencing mania? A. Underweight B. Flamboyant clothing ✅ C. Slurred speech D. Lethargy
112
Q30: What is a feature of pressured speech in mania? A. Quiet and slow B. Normal volume C. Rapid and hard to interrupt D. Soft and steady
Q30: What is a feature of pressured speech in mania? A. Quiet and slow B. Normal volume C. Rapid and hard to interrupt ✅ D. Soft and steady
113
Q31: What is a goal of anxiety nursing care? A. Ignore stressors B. Reinforce avoidance C. Break the cycle of anxiety D. Encourage catastrophising
Q31: What is a goal of anxiety nursing care? A. Ignore stressors B. Reinforce avoidance C. Break the cycle of anxiety ✅ D. Encourage catastrophising
114
Q32: Which describes a symptom of panic disorder? A. Euphoric mood B. Delusions C. Fear of dying D. Mania
Q32: Which describes a symptom of panic disorder? A. Euphoric mood B. Delusions C. Fear of dying ✅ D. Mania
115
Q33: Which is a common pharmacological treatment for bipolar disorder? A. Benzodiazepines only B. Mood stabilisers C. SSRIs without supervision D. Antihistamines
Q33: Which is a common pharmacological treatment for bipolar disorder? A. Benzodiazepines only B. Mood stabilisers ✅ C. SSRIs without supervision D. Antihistamines
116
Q34: What’s a common barrier to communication in people with anxiety? A. Talkativeness B. Hyperfocus C. Fear of being judged D. Overconfidence
Q34: What’s a common barrier to communication in people with anxiety? A. Talkativeness B. Hyperfocus C. Fear of being judged ✅ D. Overconfidence
117
Q35: Which lifestyle factor should be promoted in depression recovery? A. Isolation B. Night shifts C. Physical activity D. Alcohol use
Q35: Which lifestyle factor should be promoted in depression recovery? A. Isolation B. Night shifts C. Physical activity ✅ D. Alcohol use
118
Q36: What does thought reframing help with in anxiety? A. Reinforcing fears B. Avoiding therapy C. Challenging cognitive distortions D. Promoting panic
Q36: What does thought reframing help with in anxiety? A. Reinforcing fears B. Avoiding therapy C. Challenging cognitive distortions ✅ D. Promoting panic
119
Q37: Which is a symptom of substance-induced anxiety? A. Memory loss B. Anxiety triggered by substance use C. Racing thoughts D. Visual hallucinations only
Q37: Which is a symptom of substance-induced anxiety? A. Memory loss B. Anxiety triggered by substance use ✅ C. Racing thoughts D. Visual hallucinations only
120
Q38: Which type of therapy uses gradual exposure to feared objects/situations? A. CBT B. Systematic desensitisation C. ACT D. Narrative therapy
Q38: Which type of therapy uses gradual exposure to feared objects/situations? A. CBT B. Systematic desensitisation ✅ C. ACT D. Narrative therapy
121
Q39: Which response is best when someone with depression is silent? A. Fill silence with small talk B. Reassure excessively C. Sit quietly and be present D. Assume they don’t want to talk
Q39: Which response is best when someone with depression is silent? A. Fill silence with small talk B. Reassure excessively C. Sit quietly and be present ✅ D. Assume they don’t want to talk
122
Q40: What is an observable feature in someone experiencing mania? A. Low self-esteem B. Social withdrawal C. Euphoric and expansive mood D. Logical and slow speech
Q40: What is an observable feature in someone experiencing mania? A. Low self-esteem B. Social withdrawal C. Euphoric and expansive mood ✅ D. Logical and slow speech
123
Q41: Describe the difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II
A. Bipolar I involves at least one manic episode; depression may or may not be present. Bipolar II involves at least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode (but no history of mania). ✅
124
Q42: Identify the difference between mania and hypomania
A. Mania lasts at least 7 days, may require hospitalisation, and can include psychosis. Hypomania lasts at least 4 days, does not cause marked impairment or require hospitalisation, and has no psychotic features. ✅
125
Q43: List five (5) symptoms of depression
A. Depressed mood, loss of interest/pleasure, fatigue, sleep disturbances, feelings of worthlessness. ✅
126
Q44: Identify one (1) pharmacological intervention for depression, and one for Bipolar Affective Disorder
A. Depression: SSRI (e.g. sertraline). Bipolar Affective Disorder: mood stabiliser (e.g. lithium). ✅
127
Q45: Identify three (3) nursing interventions when working with someone with depression
A. Monitor safety, encourage self-care and routine, support sleep hygiene. ✅
128
Q46: List five (5) key features of an MSE you may expect to see for someone experiencing depression
A. Flat affect, slowed speech, poor eye contact, hopeless mood, low energy/psychomotor retardation. ✅
129
Q47: List five (5) key features of an MSE you may expect to see for someone experiencing mania
A. Pressured speech, euphoric mood, flight of ideas, flamboyant appearance, poor insight/judgment. ✅

#NUR2225 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions