W8 Eating Disorders Flashcards
(185 cards)
1
Q
What is an eating disorder?
A
A serious and complex mental illness with potential to be life-threatening.
2
Q
What are some examples of eating disorders?
A
- Pica
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Binge Eating Disorder
- OSFED
- UFED
3
Q
What are common behaviours associated with eating disorders?
A
- Restricted eating
- Binge eating
- Compensatory behaviours (e.g. vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise)
4
Q
What are the potential consequences of eating disorders?
A
- High mortality rate
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Other medical issues
5
Q
What psychological functions can eating disorders serve?
A
- Numb emotions
- Provide distraction
- Offer control or a sense of achievement
- Become part of identity (ego-syntonic)
6
Q
What factors can affect recovery from eating disorders?
A
- Physical complications
- Psychiatric comorbidities
- Resistance to treatment due to ego-syntonic nature
7
Q
What is Pica?
A
Eating non-food substances (e.g. dirt, chalk).
8
Q
Describe Anorexia Nervosa.
A
Restrictive eating; intense fear of weight gain; underweight.
9
Q
What characterizes Bulimia Nervosa?
A
Binge eating followed by compensatory behaviour (purging, laxatives).
10
Q
What defines Binge Eating Disorder?
A
Repeated binge episodes without compensation.
11
Q
What does OSFED stand for?
A
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder.
12
Q
What does UFED stand for?
A
Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder.
13
Q
What is disordered eating?
A
Reflects some but not all criteria of clinical eating disorders.
14
Q
What are examples of disordered eating behaviours?
A
- Fasting or chronic restrained eating
- Skipping meals
- Binge eating
- Self-induced vomiting
- Restrictive dieting
- Laxative misuse
- Diet pill usage
15
Q
Which populations are at increased risk for eating disorders?
A
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
- LGBTIQA+ communities
- Neurodiverse individuals
- People with disability
- People with PCOS
- Athletes & performing artists
- People in larger bodies
- People with experience of trauma, addiction, or behavioural addictions
16
Q
What are contributing factors to eating disorders?
A
- Media/societal pressure
- Childhood toys and gendered expectations
- Social media (e.g. TikTok body trends)
17
Q
What is the first stage of the Stepped Care Approach?
A
Prevention.
18
Q
What does the prevention stage in the Stepped Care Approach include?
A
- Community education
- Reduce stigma
- Counter diet culture & fatphobia
19
Q
What is the second stage of the Stepped Care Approach?
A
Identification.
20
Q
Who is responsible for early recognition in the identification stage?
A
- Teachers
- GPs
- Nurses
- Mental health workers
21
Q
What is the focus of the initial response stage in the Stepped Care Approach?
A
Timely referral and preliminary support.
22
Q
What does the treatment stage of the Stepped Care Approach entail?
A
Stepped treatment matching severity.
23
Q
What is the final stage of the Stepped Care Approach?
A
Psychosocial Recovery & Support.
24
Q
What does the psychosocial recovery stage include?
A
- Reintegration into school
- Reintegration into work
- Ongoing counselling
25
26
What is the primary goal of prevention in eating disorders?
Reduce modifiable risk factors, increase protective factors
## Footnote
This includes challenging harmful stereotypes and being self-aware of biases.
27
What are examples of harmful stereotypes related to eating disorders?
E.g. 'Eat less, move more' and 'Larger-bodied people are lazy'
## Footnote
These stereotypes contribute to weight stigma.
28
Name three signs to be alert for when identifying eating disorders.
* Low/high BMI or body weight
* Rapid/unexplained weight loss
* Dietary restrictions or fad diets
29
What are some physical signs of malnutrition?
* Dental erosion
* Electrolyte imbalance
* Hypoglycaemia
30
What is the least restrictive option in the treatment continuum for eating disorders?
Stepped Care
## Footnote
This approach prefers less restrictive options before moving to higher levels of care.
31
List the levels of care in the stepped care approach.
* GP + dietitian + psychologist
* Day program / community-based outpatient
* Hospitalisation for medical stabilisation
* Tertiary inpatient care for complex cases
32
What should be monitored during hospitalisation for eating disorders?
* Physical health: vitals, bowel charts, food/fluid intake
* Weight using person-centred approach
* Mental state and risk
* Signs of refeeding syndrome
33
What are some nursing interventions to contain eating disorder behaviours?
* Hiding/dropping food
* Water-loading before weigh-ins
* Hair smearing or clothing concealment
34
What are the meal support guidelines in hospitalisation?
* Set meal timeframe (30–60 minutes)
* Be prepared, consistent, calm, assertive, and compassionate
* Use distraction techniques during meals
35
What are some strategies for managing distress in patients with eating disorders?
* Validation of emotional experience
* Distraction
* Distress tolerance techniques
36
Name two established treatments for eating disorders.
* Family-Based Treatment (FBT)
* Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT-E)
37
What pharmacological treatment is selectively used in bulimia/anxiety comorbidity?
Fluoxetine
## Footnote
This medication is not universally applied but used selectively.
38
What are two emerging treatments for eating disorders?
* Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
* Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT)
39
What types of eating disorders are recognized in the summary?
* Anorexia Nervosa
* Bulimia Nervosa
* Binge Eating Disorder
* OSFED
40
True or False: Recovery from eating disorders is impossible.
False
## Footnote
Recovery is possible with early, evidence-based, multidisciplinary care.
41
What is the number one risk factor for developing an eating disorder?
Dieting
## Footnote
Strict rules about eating or fad diets are normal and therefore nothing to worry about is a myth.
42
True or False: Eating disorders are a lifestyle choice mostly occurring in people who are vain.
False
## Footnote
This statement is a misconception about eating disorders.
43
True or False: If a person with an eating disorder gains weight, they will be OK.
False
## Footnote
Weight gain does not necessarily indicate recovery from an eating disorder.
44
What is the most commonly occurring eating disorder in Australia?
Binge eating disorder
## Footnote
Anorexia is not the most common eating disorder.
45
True or False: Families, particularly parents, are to blame for eating disorders.
False
## Footnote
There is no evidence that specific parenting styles result in eating disorders.
46
What role do families play in relation to eating disorders?
Important role in recovery
## Footnote
Families can support recovery but are not to blame for the disorders.
47
What is one way to stop stigma around eating disorders?
Use language that supports positive body image and inclusivity
## Footnote
Language plays a crucial role in shaping perceptions.
48
Fill in the blank: Reflect on any stigma or misconceptions you have had towards _______.
Eating Disorders
## Footnote
Self-reflection is important in combating stigma.
49
What should you be mindful of regarding negative body image?
Content on social media or mainstream media
## Footnote
Negative portrayals can affect perceptions of body image.
50
What can nurses do to advocate for stopping stigma in the workplace?
Reflect on their values
## Footnote
Nurses can play a key role in promoting awareness and understanding.
51
Name a positive organization to learn more about eating disorders.
The Butterfly Foundation or Eating Disorder Victoria
## Footnote
Following such organizations can provide valuable insights.
52
What is anorexia nervosa?
A type of eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image leading to self-imposed starvation.
## Footnote
Often involves extreme weight loss and can have severe health consequences.
53
What is bulimia nervosa?
An eating disorder characterized by cycles of binge eating followed by purging to prevent weight gain.
## Footnote
Purging can include vomiting, excessive exercise, or misuse of laxatives.
54
What is binge eating disorder?
An eating disorder marked by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food, often quickly and to the point of discomfort.
## Footnote
Unlike bulimia, binge eating is not followed by purging behaviors.
55
What are some other types of eating disorders?
Other types include:
* Other specified feeding and eating disorder
* Pica
* Avoidant/Restrictive food intake disorder
* Unspecified feeding or eating disorder
* Muscle dysmorphia
* Orthorexia nervosa
## Footnote
Each of these disorders has unique characteristics and challenges.
56
What impact do eating disorders have on individuals?
They can cause serious medical complications and significantly affect a person's wellbeing.
## Footnote
This includes physical and psychological health issues.
57
What nursing considerations are important for treating eating disorders?
Nursing considerations may include monitoring physical health, providing emotional support, and developing a treatment plan that addresses both psychological and nutritional needs.
## Footnote
Approaches may vary but often share similarities across different eating disorders.
58
Fill in the blank: Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and _______ are the three main eating disorders discussed.
binge eating disorder
## Footnote
These three disorders are often explored together in treatment contexts.
59
What is the first diagnostic criterion for Anorexia Nervosa?
Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body weight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health.
60
What defines significantly low weight in the context of Anorexia Nervosa?
A weight that is less than minimally normal or, for children and adolescents, less than that minimally expected.
61
What is the second diagnostic criterion for Anorexia Nervosa?
Intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain, even though at a significantly low weight.
62
What is the third diagnostic criterion for Anorexia Nervosa?
Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight.
63
What are the two subtypes of Anorexia Nervosa?
* Restricting type
* Binge-eating/purging type
64
What characterizes the restricting subtype of Anorexia Nervosa?
Severely restricts energy intake and weight loss occurs primarily through dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise.
65
What characterizes the binge-eating/purging type of Anorexia Nervosa?
Severely restricts energy intake and has also engaged in recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging behavior.
66
List some physical symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa.
* Sudden weight loss
* Inability to maintain normal body weight
* Loss or disturbance of menstruation
* Fainting or dizziness
* Sensitivity to the cold
* Bloating or constipation
* Fatigue or lethargy
* Fine hair (Lanugo)
* Loss or thinning of hair
* Signs of vomiting
* Stress fractures
* Compromised immune system
* Sleep disturbances
67
List some behavioral symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa.
* Repetitive dieting behaviors
* Evidence of vomiting or misuse of laxatives
* Frequent trips to the bathroom after meals
* Obsessive rituals around food
* Change in food preferences
* Avoidance of social situations involving food
* Social withdrawal
* Secretive behavior around eating
* Compulsive exercising
* Continual denial of hunger
68
List some psychological symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa.
* Preoccupation with eating or body shape
* Intense fear of gaining weight
* Heightened anxiety around mealtimes
* Low self-esteem
* Body dissatisfaction
* Difficulty concentrating
* Obsession with food and control
* ‘Black and white’ thinking
69
What are some possible physical health complications of Anorexia Nervosa?
* Anaemia
* Osteoporosis or osteopenia
* Heart problems
* Electrolyte disturbance
* Malnourishment
* Disturbance to menstruation
* Impairment of kidney, liver, or pancreatic function
* Gastrointestinal problems
* Increased risk of infertility
* Delayed growth
70
What are some life-threatening physical health complications associated with Anorexia Nervosa?
* Severe electrolyte disturbances
* Bradycardia
* Hypotension
* Cardiac Arrhythmias
* Hypothermia
71
What is refeeding syndrome?
A potentially life-threatening condition that can occur when malnourished patients commence artificial refeeding.
72
What are the symptoms of refeeding syndrome?
* Seizures
* Muscle weakness
* Tremors
* Cognitive changes
* Hypertension
* Cardiac arrhythmias
* Heart failure
73
Fill in the blank: Refeeding syndrome occurs due to major fluid and electrolyte shifts during _______.
[enteral or parenteral refeeding]
74
What should be monitored when initiating refeeding in malnourished patients?
Electrolyte and fluid disturbances through physical health monitoring and observations.
75
What are the diagnostic criteria for Bulimia nervosa?
1. Recurrent episodes of binge eating characterized by:
* Eating an amount larger than most individuals would in a similar time
* A sense of lack of control over eating
2. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain
3. Binge eating and compensatory behaviors occur at least once a week for 3 months
4. Self-evaluation unduly influenced by body shape and weight
5. Disturbance does not occur exclusively during anorexia nervosa
## Footnote
Source: American Psychiatric Association, 2013
76
What are common physical symptoms of Bulimia nervosa?
* Signs of damage from vomiting (swelling around cheeks, calluses on knuckles)
* Damage to teeth and bad breath
* Feeling bloated, constipated, or developing food intolerances
* Loss of or disturbance to menstruation
* Fainting or dizziness
* Fatigue or lethargy
* Sleep disturbances
* Compromised immune system
* Sudden weight changes
## Footnote
Reflect on how to perform a nursing assessment with empathy and compassion.
77
What psychological symptoms are associated with Bulimia nervosa?
* Preoccupation with eating, food, body shape, and weight
* Intense fear of gaining weight
* Heightened anxiety or irritability around mealtimes
* Low self-esteem, feelings of shame, self-loathing, or guilt
* Body dissatisfaction and negative body image
* Depression, anxiety, self-harm, or suicidality
* Obsession with food and need for control
## Footnote
These symptoms can significantly impact daily functioning.
78
What are behavioral symptoms of Bulimia nervosa?
* Repetitive dieting behaviors (counting calories, skipping meals)
* Evidence of binge eating (disappearance or hoarding of food)
* Evidence of vomiting or misuse of laxatives
* Frequent trips to the bathroom during or after meals
* Patterns or obsessive rituals around food
* Social withdrawal or isolation
* Secretive behavior around eating
* Compulsive or excessive exercising
* Substance misuse
## Footnote
These behaviors may indicate the severity of the disorder.
79
What are possible physical health complications of Bulimia nervosa?
* Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn, and reflux
* Inflammation and rupture of the esophagus and stomach
* Stomach and intestinal ulcers
* Irregular bowel movements due to laxative misuse
* Heart problems (slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure)
* Electrolyte disturbances
* Osteoporosis or osteopenia due to nutritional deficiency
* Increased risk of infertility
## Footnote
Physical health assessments are essential for comprehensive care.
80
True or False: Bulimia nervosa includes behaviors aimed at preventing weight gain.
True
## Footnote
This includes self-induced vomiting, laxative misuse, and excessive exercise.
81
Fill in the blank: A sense of _______ over eating is a characteristic of binge eating episodes in Bulimia nervosa.
lack of control
## Footnote
This feeling is crucial for diagnosing binge eating episodes.
82
What is one common psychological symptom of Bulimia nervosa related to body image?
Body dissatisfaction and negative body image
## Footnote
This can lead to severe emotional distress.
83
What are the two key features of binge eating?
Eating a very large amount of food within a relatively short period of time and feeling a sense of lack of control over eating.
84
What constitutes an episode of binge eating?
Eating an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most people would eat in a similar period of time and a sense of lack of control over eating.
85
List three associated behaviors or feelings during binge eating episodes.
* Eating much more rapidly than normal
* Eating until feeling uncomfortably full
* Eating alone due to embarrassment.
86
What is the minimum frequency of binge eating episodes required for diagnosis?
At least once a week for 3 months.
87
True or False: Binge eating disorder is associated with inappropriate compensatory behavior.
False.
88
What psychological symptoms are associated with binge eating disorder?
* Obsessive preoccupation with eating, food, body shape, and weight
* Body shame regarding appearance
* Feelings of distress, sadness, anxiety, and guilt during and after binge episodes.
89
Identify two physical symptoms of binge eating disorder.
* Lethargy
* Weight changes.
90
Fill in the blank: Binge eating disorder can lead to _______ complications.
medical.
91
What are some behavioral symptoms of binge eating disorder?
* Evidence of binge eating such as hoarding of food
* Secretive behavior around food
* Increased isolation and disengagement from previously enjoyed activities.
92
List three medical complications associated with binge eating disorder.
* Cardiovascular disease
* Hypertension
* Increased risk of diabetes.
93
What feelings may an individual experience after a binge eating episode?
Disgust with oneself, depression, or very guilty.
94
What is a common behavioral change in individuals with binge eating disorder regarding food?
Shoplifting food or spending large amounts of money on food.
95
What gastrointestinal changes can occur with binge eating disorder?
* Bloating
* Constipation
* Food intolerances.
96
True or False: Individuals with binge eating disorder often maintain a healthy self-esteem.
False.
97
What is the significance of marked distress in binge eating disorder?
It is a diagnostic criterion indicating the individual's emotional response to binge eating.
98
What might increase an individual's sensitivity concerning food and body image?
Binge eating disorder.
99
Fill in the blank: Binge eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of _______.
binge eating.
100
What is a key principle for supporting communication with someone living with an eating disorder?
Ask how you can support the person
## Footnote
This principle emphasizes the importance of engaging the individual directly in their support process.
101
Why is it important to avoid commenting on a person's appearance when supporting someone with an eating disorder?
They are already aware of and preoccupied with their body
## Footnote
Such comments may reinforce their preoccupation with body image and weight.
102
What type of statements should be used instead of accusatory 'you' statements in communication with someone with an eating disorder?
'I' statements
## Footnote
For example: “I’m concerned about you because you refuse to eat breakfast or lunch.”
103
What is a common nursing responsibility in inpatient treatment for eating disorders?
ECG monitoring
## Footnote
Other responsibilities include vital sign observations, meal support, and psychological support.
104
In the context of nursing care for eating disorders, what does meal support include?
Pre, During, Post meal support
## Footnote
Nurses often work with dieticians to establish meal plans based on nutritional needs.
105
What is one strategy nurses can use during meal support to encourage a patient to eat?
Break the task into small steps
## Footnote
For example, saying “You need to make a start” can help motivate the patient.
106
What should nurses do to help distract patients during meal support?
Engage in general chat unrelated to food/eating
## Footnote
This can help create a more comfortable atmosphere during meals.
107
What is an important aspect of compassionate reflection in nursing care for eating disorders?
Acknowledge the person's feelings
## Footnote
For instance, saying, “I can see this is hard for you” can provide emotional support.
108
What is emphasized when looking at the bigger picture during meal support?
Discuss what the person looks forward to outside the hospital
## Footnote
Reminding them that they need to eat; food is medicine is crucial.
109
What is the role of the nurse in community treatment for eating disorders?
Providing medical monitoring or developing care plans
## Footnote
Nurses may also facilitate outpatient treatment groups or support groups.
110
True or False: It is effective to criticize the eating habits of a person with an eating disorder.
False
## Footnote
Criticism can increase feelings of shame and guilt, which are detrimental to recovery.
111
What is the significance of using therapeutic tools during meal support?
To support patients throughout the meal process
## Footnote
Tools may include distraction techniques, gentle music, or supportive reassurance.
112
Fill in the blank: Inpatient treatment for eating disorders may require _______ for refeeding.
the insertion of a nasogastric tube
## Footnote
This is sometimes necessary to support nutritional intake.
113
What is a common challenge faced by patients during their initial meal times in the hospital?
Extreme distress
## Footnote
Many patients have not engaged in regular meal times prior to hospitalization.
114
What is one purpose of support groups in the community for eating disorder recovery?
To provide peer support
## Footnote
Support groups can help consumers and carers meet and share experiences.
115
What can evidence-based treatment reduce for individuals with eating disorders?
Severity, duration, and impact of their experience of an eating disorder
116
Is recovery possible for people living with an eating disorder?
Yes, recovery is possible and there is always hope
117
What type of support is often required for recovery from eating disorders?
Support from a multidisciplinary team and/or carer support
118
Where can most individuals with an eating disorder experience recovery?
In the community setting with outpatient support
119
What are evidence-based psychological therapies for anorexia nervosa in children and adolescents?
* Family-based treatment (FBT)
* Eating disorder-focused CBT (CBT-ED) with family involvement
* Adolescent-focused psychotherapy
120
What are evidence-based psychological therapies for anorexia nervosa in adults?
* Maudsley anorexia nervosa treatment for adults (MANTRA)
* Specialist supportive clinical management (SSCM)
* Eating disorder-focused CBT (CBT-ED)
* Eating disorder-focused focal psychodynamic therapy
121
When might individuals require inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa?
When intensive treatment is required such as psychiatric stabilisation, refeeding, and increased psychological support
122
What are evidence-based psychological therapies for bulimia nervosa in children and adolescents?
* Eating disorder-focused CBT (CBT-ED) with family involvement
* Bulimia nervosa-focused family therapy
123
What are evidence-based psychological therapies for bulimia nervosa in adults?
* Guided self-help CBT-ED
* CBT-ED
* Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)
124
When might individuals with bulimia nervosa require inpatient treatment?
When intensive treatment is required such as psychiatric stabilisation, meal support, and increased psychological support
125
What psychological therapies are effective in the treatment of binge eating disorder?
* Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Enhanced (CBT-E)
* Cognitive Behaviour Therapy – Guided Self Help (CBT-GSH)
* Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
126
What is suggested alongside psychological therapies for binge eating disorder?
Therapeutic use of SSRI medication
127
Why is a multidisciplinary approach suggested for treating eating disorders?
Eating disorders are complex conditions and respond well to a multidisciplinary approach
128
Name some professionals that may be involved in a multidisciplinary team for eating disorder treatment.
* Nurse
* General Practitioner
* Psychologist
* Psychiatrist
* Dietician
* Occupational therapist
* Social worker
* Exercise physiologist
* Yoga therapist
* Art therapist
* Music therapist
* Peer worker
* Family therapist
* Alternative therapies (e.g. Naturopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine)
129
True or False: Everyone's experience of an eating disorder is the same.
False
130
What is the focus of the first video mentioned?
June shares her story about living with an eating disorder and her recovery
131
What does Braiden share in his video?
His experience of living with bulimia nervosa and his journey to health
132
What does Mitch discuss in his video?
His traumatic and helpful treatment experiences, and the support that worked well for his recovery
133
What is early intervention in relation to eating disorders?
Key to improved health and quality of life
134
Who is well-positioned to notice early signs of eating disorders?
Nurses and midwives
135
What can identifying signs of eating disorders early lead to?
Timely interventions and effective treatment strategies
136
List some psychological warning signs of eating disorders
* Preoccupation with eating, food, body shape, and weight
* Intense fear of weight gain
* Heightened anxiety or irritability around mealtimes
* Feeling of being ‘out of control’ around food
* Disturbed body image
* Extreme body dissatisfaction
* Rigid ‘black and white’ thinking
* Heightened sensitivity to comments about body shape or weight
* Depression, anxiety, or suicidality
* Low self-esteem or shame
* Using food as self-punishment
137
List some physical warning signs of eating disorders
* Sudden weight loss, gain, or fluctuation
* Decrease in growth curve or BMI percentiles in children
* Sensitivity to the cold
* Disturbed menstrual periods
* Signs of frequent vomiting
* Lanugo
* Fatigue or lethargy
* Fainting or dizziness
* Gastrointestinal disturbances
* Cardiorespiratory complications
* Osteoporosis or osteopenia
138
List some behavioral warning signs of eating disorders
* Constant dieting behavior
* Evidence of binge eating
* Evidence of vomiting or laxative use
* Compulsive or excessive exercise patterns
* Obsessive rituals around food
* Changes in food preferences
* Avoidance of social situations involving food
* Social withdrawal or isolation
* Changes in food preparation and planning
* Strong focus on weight and body shape
* Repetitive body checking behaviors
* Changes in clothing style
* Secretive behavior around food
* Inappropriate hydration behaviors
* Continual denial of hunger
* Making rigid food rules
139
What is the purpose of screening questions for eating disorders?
To detect the presence of an eating disorder and identify the need for further assessment
140
What is the first question in the Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care (ESP)?
Are you satisfied with your eating patterns?
141
What response to the first question in the ESP indicates an abnormal response?
'No'
142
What does a 'yes' response to the question 'Do you ever eat in secret?' indicate?
An abnormal response
143
What is one factor that the ESP asks about that may relate to eating disorders?
Family history of eating disorders
144
Fill in the blank: Early intervention can prevent potential _______ and facilitate effective treatment strategies.
complications
145
True or False: Heightened sensitivity to comments about body shape or weight is a psychological warning sign of eating disorders.
True
146
Q1: Which of the following is NOT considered a DSM-5 diagnosis for eating disorders?
A. OSFED
B. UFED
C. Orthorexia
D. Pica
Q1: Which of the following is NOT considered a DSM-5 diagnosis for eating disorders?
A. OSFED
B. UFED
C. Orthorexia ✅
D. Pica
147
Q2: Which is a recommended nursing communication strategy when supporting someone with an eating disorder?
A. Tell them to just eat
B. Comment positively on their weight
C. Use 'I' statements to express concern
D. Remind them they are not fat
Q2: Which is a recommended nursing communication strategy when supporting someone with an eating disorder?
A. Tell them to just eat
B. Comment positively on their weight
C. Use 'I' statements to express concern ✅
D. Remind them they are not fat
148
Q3: Which eating disorder subtype involves binge eating and purging while also severely restricting food intake?
A. Restricting type Anorexia Nervosa
B. Binge-eating type Bulimia Nervosa
C. Binge-eating/purging type Anorexia Nervosa
D. OSFED
Q3: Which eating disorder subtype involves binge eating and purging while also severely restricting food intake?
A. Restricting type Anorexia Nervosa
B. Binge-eating type Bulimia Nervosa
C. Binge-eating/purging type Anorexia Nervosa ✅
D. OSFED
149
Q4: Which therapy is considered a first-line treatment for Bulimia Nervosa in adults?
A. Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
B. Guided self-help CBT-ED
C. Family-based therapy
D. ACT
Q4: Which therapy is considered a first-line treatment for Bulimia Nervosa in adults?
A. Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
B. Guided self-help CBT-ED ✅
C. Family-based therapy
D. ACT
150
Q5: What is a hallmark physical sign of refeeding syndrome?
A. Hair loss
B. Electrolyte disturbance
C. Loss of menstruation
D. Bradycardia
Q5: What is a hallmark physical sign of refeeding syndrome?
A. Hair loss
B. Electrolyte disturbance ✅
C. Loss of menstruation
D. Bradycardia
151
Q6: Which eating disorder is most commonly diagnosed in Australia?
A. Anorexia Nervosa
B. Bulimia Nervosa
C. Binge Eating Disorder
D. Pica
Q6: Which eating disorder is most commonly diagnosed in Australia?
A. Anorexia Nervosa
B. Bulimia Nervosa
C. Binge Eating Disorder ✅
D. Pica
152
Q7: Which symptom is associated with lanugo in anorexia nervosa?
A. Hair loss on scalp
B. Excessive hair on arms and face
C. Brittle nails
D. Swollen cheeks
Q7: Which symptom is associated with lanugo in anorexia nervosa?
A. Hair loss on scalp
B. Excessive hair on arms and face ✅
C. Brittle nails
D. Swollen cheeks
153
Q8: Which group is considered at increased risk of developing an eating disorder?
A. People with diabetes
B. People in larger bodies
C. People with asthma
D. People with high income
Q8: Which group is considered at increased risk of developing an eating disorder?
A. People with diabetes
B. People in larger bodies ✅
C. People with asthma
D. People with high income
154
Q9: Which of the following is a psychological symptom of binge eating disorder?
A. Lanugo
B. Calluses on knuckles
C. Body shame regarding appearance
D. Hyperactivity
Q9: Which of the following is a psychological symptom of binge eating disorder?
A. Lanugo
B. Calluses on knuckles
C. Body shame regarding appearance ✅
D. Hyperactivity
155
Q10: Which compensatory behaviour is associated with bulimia nervosa?
A. Weight lifting
B. Fasting
C. Skipping breakfast occasionally
D. Using essential oils
Q10: Which compensatory behaviour is associated with bulimia nervosa?
A. Weight lifting
B. Fasting ✅
C. Skipping breakfast occasionally
D. Using essential oils
156
Q11: What is the preferred approach when monitoring weight in hospital settings?
A. Daily weigh-ins with family present
B. Weight monitoring with patient notification
C. Blind weighing
D. Only weigh if severely underweight
Q11: What is the preferred approach when monitoring weight in hospital settings?
A. Daily weigh-ins with family present
B. Weight monitoring with patient notification
C. Blind weighing ✅
D. Only weigh if severely underweight
157
Q12: Which medication is used selectively in the treatment of bulimia nervosa?
A. Sertraline
B. Fluoxetine
C. Olanzapine
D. Diazepam
Q12: Which medication is used selectively in the treatment of bulimia nervosa?
A. Sertraline
B. Fluoxetine ✅
C. Olanzapine
D. Diazepam
158
Q13: Which of the following is part of the ESP eating disorder screening tool?
A. Do you avoid dairy?
B. Are you satisfied with your eating patterns?
C. Do you avoid sugar?
D. How often do you exercise?
Q13: Which of the following is part of the ESP eating disorder screening tool?
A. Do you avoid dairy?
B. Are you satisfied with your eating patterns? ✅
C. Do you avoid sugar?
D. How often do you exercise?
159
Q14: What is a key characteristic of refeeding syndrome?
A. Excessive eating
B. Nausea and bloating
C. Electrolyte shifts and cardiac risk
D. Weight gain
Q14: What is a key characteristic of refeeding syndrome?
A. Excessive eating
B. Nausea and bloating
C. Electrolyte shifts and cardiac risk ✅
D. Weight gain
160
Q15: Which therapeutic approach helps separate the person from the illness?
A. CBT
B. Compassionate reflection
C. Strict refeeding protocols
D. Group exercise therapy
Q15: Which therapeutic approach helps separate the person from the illness?
A. CBT
B. Compassionate reflection ✅
C. Strict refeeding protocols
D. Group exercise therapy
161
Q16: What psychological therapy is supported for adults with anorexia nervosa?
A. SSCM
B. ACT
C. DBT
D. EFT
Q16: What psychological therapy is supported for adults with anorexia nervosa?
A. SSCM ✅
B. ACT
C. DBT
D. EFT
162
Q17: Which medical complication is common to both anorexia and bulimia?
A. Refeeding syndrome
B. Osteoporosis
C. Psychosis
D. Diabetes
Q17: Which medical complication is common to both anorexia and bulimia?
A. Refeeding syndrome
B. Osteoporosis ✅
C. Psychosis
D. Diabetes
163
Q18: Which nursing task is specific to monitoring for purging behaviours?
A. Providing meal support
B. Monitoring vital signs
C. Checking for water-loading
D. Recording bowel motions
Q18: Which nursing task is specific to monitoring for purging behaviours?
A. Providing meal support
B. Monitoring vital signs
C. Checking for water-loading ✅
D. Recording bowel motions
164
Q19: What does 'ego-syntonic' mean in relation to eating disorders?
A. The person is unaware of their behaviours
B. Behaviours are in conflict with self-image
C. Behaviours feel consistent with self-image
D. Behaviours are involuntary
Q19: What does 'ego-syntonic' mean in relation to eating disorders?
A. The person is unaware of their behaviours
B. Behaviours are in conflict with self-image
C. Behaviours feel consistent with self-image ✅
D. Behaviours are involuntary
165
Q20: Which eating disorder includes muscle dysmorphia as a potential feature?
A. Binge Eating Disorder
B. Anorexia Nervosa
C. Bulimia Nervosa
D. OSFED
Q20: Which eating disorder includes muscle dysmorphia as a potential feature?
A. Binge Eating Disorder
B. Anorexia Nervosa
C. Bulimia Nervosa
D. OSFED ✅
166
Q21: What is the role of the nurse during inpatient meal support?
A. Correct nutritional planning
B. Role-model normal eating behaviours
C. Enforce weight gain
D. Monitor heart rate post-meal
Q21: What is the role of the nurse during inpatient meal support?
A. Correct nutritional planning
B. Role-model normal eating behaviours ✅
C. Enforce weight gain
D. Monitor heart rate post-meal
167
Q22: Which factor increases the risk of electrolyte disturbance in bulimia nervosa?
A. Fasting
B. Binge eating
C. Excessive exercise
D. Frequent vomiting
Q22: Which factor increases the risk of electrolyte disturbance in bulimia nervosa?
A. Fasting
B. Binge eating
C. Excessive exercise
D. Frequent vomiting ✅
168
Q23: Which behaviour is an early warning sign of disordered eating?
A. Avoiding junk food
B. Using creatine regularly
C. Eating three meals a day
D. Sleeping more than 8 hours
Q23: Which behaviour is an early warning sign of disordered eating?
A. Avoiding junk food
B. Using creatine regularly ✅
C. Eating three meals a day
D. Sleeping more than 8 hours
169
Q24: Which therapy is considered most effective for binge eating disorder in adults?
A. Family-based therapy
B. CBT-E (Enhanced Cognitive Behavioural Therapy)
C. DBT
D. ACT
Q24: Which therapy is considered most effective for binge eating disorder in adults?
A. Family-based therapy
B. CBT-E (Enhanced Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) ✅
C. DBT
D. ACT
170
Q25: What is a key feature of binge eating disorder that distinguishes it from bulimia?
A. Secretive eating
B. Lack of control during binges
C. No regular compensatory behaviours
D. Obsession with body image
Q25: What is a key feature of binge eating disorder that distinguishes it from bulimia?
A. Secretive eating
B. Lack of control during binges
C. No regular compensatory behaviours ✅
D. Obsession with body image
171
Q26: Which of the following is a physical health complication of bulimia nervosa?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Heartburn and reflux
C. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
D. Elevated testosterone
Q26: Which of the following is a physical health complication of bulimia nervosa?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Heartburn and reflux ✅
C. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
D. Elevated testosterone
172
Q27: Which technique is useful for distress tolerance during meal support?
A. Breathing into a paper bag
B. Cold water or grounding techniques
C. Asking the person to “push through it”
D. Counting calories aloud
Q27: Which technique is useful for distress tolerance during meal support?
A. Breathing into a paper bag
B. Cold water or grounding techniques ✅
C. Asking the person to “push through it”
D. Counting calories aloud
173
Q28: What is one goal of family-based therapy (FBT)?
A. Shift responsibility to the individual
B. Minimise family involvement
C. Empower parents to support refeeding
D. Use aversion training
Q28: What is one goal of family-based therapy (FBT)?
A. Shift responsibility to the individual
B. Minimise family involvement
C. Empower parents to support refeeding ✅
D. Use aversion training
174
Q29: Which factor contributes to body dissatisfaction in children?
A. Playing with neutral toys
B. Exposure to body-positive content
C. Gendered expectations from childhood toys
D. Avoiding mirrors
Q29: Which factor contributes to body dissatisfaction in children?
A. Playing with neutral toys
B. Exposure to body-positive content
C. Gendered expectations from childhood toys ✅
D. Avoiding mirrors
175
Q30: What distinguishes disordered eating from a full clinical eating disorder?
A. Disordered eating is always short-term
B. It never involves compensatory behaviour
C. It lacks full diagnostic criteria
D. It is always safe and healthy
Q30: What distinguishes disordered eating from a full clinical eating disorder?
A. Disordered eating is always short-term
B. It never involves compensatory behaviour
C. It lacks full diagnostic criteria ✅
D. It is always safe and healthy
176
Q31: Which sign might indicate purging in a person with an eating disorder?
A. Chewed fingernails
B. Missing teeth
C. Calluses on knuckles
D. Cold hands
Q31: Which sign might indicate purging in a person with an eating disorder?
A. Chewed fingernails
B. Missing teeth
C. Calluses on knuckles ✅
D. Cold hands
177
Q32: Which statement about eating disorders is TRUE?
A. They are lifestyle choices
B. They are usually harmless
C. They have one cause
D. They are serious mental illnesses
Q32: Which statement about eating disorders is TRUE?
A. They are lifestyle choices
B. They are usually harmless
C. They have one cause
D. They are serious mental illnesses ✅
178
Q33: What is a common psychological symptom across all eating disorders?
A. High energy
B. Rigid thoughts about food
C. Fear of water
D. Sleepwalking
Q33: What is a common psychological symptom across all eating disorders?
A. High energy
B. Rigid thoughts about food ✅
C. Fear of water
D. Sleepwalking
179
Q34: Why should nurses avoid commenting on a patient’s appearance?
A. It may reinforce body image preoccupation
B. It shows bias
C. It is not allowed legally
D. It reveals clinical inexperience
Q34: Why should nurses avoid commenting on a patient’s appearance?
A. It may reinforce body image preoccupation ✅
B. It shows bias
C. It is not allowed legally
D. It reveals clinical inexperience
180
Q35: What is a key risk factor for developing an eating disorder?
A. Use of sunscreen
B. Dieting
C. School attendance
D. Eating vegetables
Q35: What is a key risk factor for developing an eating disorder?
A. Use of sunscreen
B. Dieting ✅
C. School attendance
D. Eating vegetables
181
Q36: Which profession is part of a multidisciplinary eating disorder care team?
A. Dermatologist
B. Radiographer
C. Dietitian
D. Podiatrist
Q36: Which profession is part of a multidisciplinary eating disorder care team?
A. Dermatologist
B. Radiographer
C. Dietitian ✅
D. Podiatrist
182
Q37: What is a recommended approach to reduce stigma in healthcare settings?
A. Avoid talking about eating disorders
B. Use appearance-based compliments
C. Challenge weight stigma
D. Always refer to BMI as a health measure
Q37: What is a recommended approach to reduce stigma in healthcare settings?
A. Avoid talking about eating disorders
B. Use appearance-based compliments
C. Challenge weight stigma ✅
D. Always refer to BMI as a health measure
183
Q38: What might a nurse observe in a person experiencing starvation syndrome?
A. Weight gain
B. Enhanced immunity
C. Cognitive slowing and fatigue
D. Improved digestion
Q38: What might a nurse observe in a person experiencing starvation syndrome?
A. Weight gain
B. Enhanced immunity
C. Cognitive slowing and fatigue ✅
D. Improved digestion
184
Q39: Which of the following is a behavioural warning sign of an eating disorder?
A. Enjoying family meals
B. Counting calories obsessively
C. Drinking 2L of water per day
D. Wearing seasonal clothing
Q39: Which of the following is a behavioural warning sign of an eating disorder?
A. Enjoying family meals
B. Counting calories obsessively ✅
C. Drinking 2L of water per day
D. Wearing seasonal clothing
185
Q40: What is a recommended screening tool for eating disorders in primary care?
A. DASS-21
B. PHQ-9
C. ESP (Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care)
D. GAD-7
Q40: What is a recommended screening tool for eating disorders in primary care?
A. DASS-21
B. PHQ-9
C. ESP (Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care) ✅
D. GAD-7
