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#NUR2225 > W7 Substance Use and Misuse > Flashcards

W7 Substance Use and Misuse Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the health harms associated with substance use?

A
  • Injury
  • Chronic diseases (e.g. lung cancer, cardiovascular disease)
  • Mental illness
  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

None

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2
Q

What social harms can result from substance use?

A
  • Violence
  • Crime
  • Unhealthy childhood development
  • Intergenerational trauma

None

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3
Q

What economic harms are linked to substance use?

A
  • Increased healthcare costs
  • Reduced productivity
  • Workplace absenteeism

None

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4
Q

How can substance use interact with mental health?

A
  • Induce symptoms of mental disorders (e.g. drug-induced psychosis)
  • Contribute to disruptions in work, relationships, health, and safety
  • Co-occur with physical and cognitive disorders (e.g. cirrhosis, hepatitis, intellectual disability)

None

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5
Q

What are the two types of substance-related disorders according to the DSM-5?

A
  • Substance Use Disorders (SUD)
  • Substance-Induced Disorders

None

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6
Q

What are the 11 DSM-5 criteria for Substance Use Disorders?

A
  • Using more or for longer than intended
  • Unsuccessful attempts to cut down
  • Excessive time spent obtaining or recovering from use
  • Cravings and urges
  • Neglecting major responsibilities
  • Relationship problems
  • Giving up important activities
  • Use in hazardous situations
  • Continued use despite physical/psychological problems
  • Tolerance
  • Withdrawal symptoms

None

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7
Q

What defines the severity of Substance Use Disorders?

A
  • Mild: 2–3 symptoms
  • Moderate: 4–5 symptoms
  • Severe: 6+ symptoms

None

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8
Q

What is intoxication?

A

Changes in mood, perception, cognition, or behavior after drug use

None

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9
Q

What is withdrawal?

A

Occurs after reduced or ceased use; symptoms vary and are often the opposite of intoxication

None

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10
Q

Define ‘dependence’ in the context of substance use.

A

Withdrawal occurs without the substance (physical and/or psychological)

None

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11
Q

What does ‘tolerance’ mean?

A

Needing more for the same effect

None

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12
Q

What is an overdose?

A

Use of too much or unusually potent substance—can be accidental or intentional

None

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13
Q

What are the categories of drugs?

A
  • Stimulants
  • Depressants
  • Hallucinogens
  • Cannabinoids

None

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14
Q

What effects do stimulants have?

A
  • Increase CNS activity
  • Agitation
  • Reduced appetite
  • Anxiety
  • Seizures

Examples include amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, nicotine

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15
Q

What effects do depressants have?

A
  • Slow CNS activity
  • Relaxation in small doses
  • Sleepiness or death in high doses

Examples include alcohol, benzodiazepines, GHB

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16
Q

What are the effects of hallucinogens?

A
  • Alter perception
  • Sensory distortion
  • Hallucinations
  • Paranoia

Examples include LSD, ketamine, psilocybin, cannabis

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17
Q

What are the common drug groups?

A
  • Analgesics (e.g. paracetamol, morphine)
  • Inhalants (e.g. petrol, nitrous oxide)
  • Opioids (e.g. heroin, methadone)
  • Party drugs (e.g. MDMA, methamphetamine)
  • Performance enhancers (e.g. steroids)
  • Prescription drugs (e.g. codeine, benzodiazepines)
  • Psychoactive substances (e.g. caffeine, cannabis)
  • Synthetic drugs (e.g. synthetic cannabis)

None

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18
Q

What factors affect drug effects?

A
  • Drug factors: Route, dose, purity, other substances
  • Environment: Setting, peers, culture, time
  • Individual: Age, gender, weight, genetics, expectations

None

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19
Q

What are the key roles of nurses in substance use management?

A
  • Assessment and screening
  • Planning and interventions
  • Managing withdrawal
  • Harm minimisation
  • Education and recovery support

None

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20
Q

What are best practices for nursing in substance use management?

A
  • Non-judgmental, empathetic approach
  • Open-ended questions
  • Use familiar substance names
  • Reflective and active listening
  • Strength-based approach and collaborative care

None

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21
Q

What should a substance assessment include?

A
  • Substance history (type, amount, route, age of first use, recent use)
  • Consequences of use (social, psychological, physical)
  • Dependence and readiness to change
  • Past treatment and abstinence
  • Mental state exam and physical exam

None

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22
Q

What is Opioid Substitution Therapy?

A

Includes medications like methadone and buprenorphine to prevent withdrawal and block effects

Administered under strict supervision

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23
Q

What is Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)?

A

Reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms

None

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24
Q

What are common pharmacological approaches in withdrawal management?

A
  • Benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam)
  • Antipsychotics (e.g. olanzapine)
  • Paracetamol
  • Metoclopramide (Maxolon)
  • Thiamine

Thiamine is prescribed to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy during alcohol withdrawal

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25
What are mild symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?
* Sweating * Headache * Restlessness * Diarrhoea ## Footnote None
26
What are severe symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?
* Hallucinations * Disorientation * Seizures ## Footnote None
27
What is delirium tremens (DTs)?
Rare but life-threatening; occurs 2–5 days after the last drink ## Footnote Symptoms include agitation, tremors, autonomic instability, hallucinations
28
What are the three pillars of Australia's harm minimisation strategy?
* Demand reduction * Supply reduction * Harm reduction ## Footnote None
29
What is the nursing role in harm minimisation?
* Identify and engage clients * Provide education * Encourage healthy behaviors * Increase access to public health services * Act as liaison with health and legal services ## Footnote None
30
True or False: People use substances only for recreational purposes.
False ## Footnote People use substances for many reasons and may not be ready to stop.
31
What is Rethink Addiction?
An independent campaign to educate and advocate for changing Australia's attitude and approach to addiction through evidenced-based information and linkages to support.
32
What is the National Drug Strategy 2017-2026?
A national policy that addresses and aims to reduce and prevent harm associated with the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.
33
What does Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder refer to?
Neurodevelopment impairments in people who were prenatally exposed to alcohol, causing lifelong disabilities such as brain damage and difficulties with physical activities, language, learning, and behaviour.
34
What are some reasons people use drugs and alcohol?
* Enjoyment * Curiosity * Boredom * To work/perform better * To feel different * Peer pressure * A part of religious ceremony * A part of social events * Self-medication
35
True or False: Substance use is a public health issue that affects only certain demographics.
False
36
According to the National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2022-2023, what percentage of Australians were smoking tobacco daily in 2023?
8.3%
37
What gender is more likely to smoke tobacco, according to the survey?
Males (16.5% vs 11% females)
38
Fill in the blank: The use of electronic cigarettes and vapes nearly ________ between 2019 and 2023.
tripled
39
What percentage of people aged 14 and above have consumed alcohol?
Almost 77%
40
What was the most common substance of concern for which people received treatment?
Alcohol
41
What proportion of substance-related hospitalisations was accounted for by alcohol?
3 in 5
42
Almost what fraction of people have used an illicit substance in their lifetime?
1 in 2
43
What was the most commonly used illicit substance, according to the survey?
Marijuana/cannabis
44
List some illicit substances used by people.
* Cannabis * Hallucinogens * Ecstasy * Methamphetamine * Opioids * Ketamine
45
What is the source of the statistics provided in the National Drug Strategy Household Survey?
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)
46
What is the aim of the Rethink Addiction campaign?
To educate and advocate for a change in Australia's attitude and approach to addiction.
47
What are the consequences of Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder?
Lifelong disabilities including brain damage and difficulties with physical activities, language, learning, and behaviour.
48
True or False: Substance use in Australia is solely a behavioral issue.
False
49
What are some reasons people use drugs and alcohol?
* Enjoyment * Curiosity * Boredom * To work/perform better * To feel different (to relax, for pleasurable effects, reduce stress, relief of pain) * Peer pressure or because they are there * A part of religious ceremony * A part of social events * Self-medication or to manage symptoms of illness ## Footnote These reasons reflect both social and personal motivations for substance use.
50
What is substance use in Australia considered to be?
A complex public health issue affecting individuals from all parts of society, regardless of age, gender, race, or religion ## Footnote It is recognized as a major cause of preventable disease.
51
What was the percentage of daily tobacco smoking in Australia in 2023?
8.3% ## Footnote This is a decrease from 11% in 2019.
52
What is the trend in electronic cigarette and vape use in Australia from 2019 to 2023?
Increased from 2.5% to 7% ## Footnote This indicates a nearly tripling of use in the specified time frame.
53
What percentage of Australians aged 14 and above have consumed alcohol?
Almost 77% ## Footnote This statistic highlights the widespread use of alcohol in Australia.
54
What is the most common substance of concern for which people receive treatment?
Alcohol ## Footnote Alcohol-related issues are a significant focus in substance use treatment.
55
What is a substance-related disorder?
A condition outlined in the DSM 5 that includes two groups: substance-use disorders and substance-induced disorders ## Footnote These disorders are characterized by regular substance use affecting brain and behavior.
56
What defines a substance-use disorder?
Regular use of a substance leading to an inability to control its use despite negative consequences ## Footnote Severity ranges from mild to severe based on symptoms experienced.
57
What is intoxication in the context of substance use?
Any change in a person's perception, mood, cognition, or behavior due to drug effects ## Footnote This state can vary significantly depending on the substance used.
58
What does withdrawal refer to?
Symptoms that occur when reducing or stopping the use of a drug ## Footnote Symptoms vary depending on the substance involved.
59
List some common illicit substances used.
* Cannabis * Hallucinogens * Ecstasy * Methamphetamine * Opioids * Ketamine ## Footnote Cannabis is noted as the most commonly used illicit substance.
60
What is harmful use in substance-related contexts?
Damage to health caused by substance use, which can be physical or mental ## Footnote Examples include hepatitis from intravenous drug use or mood disorders.
61
What is an overdose?
Accidental or intentional use of a drug in an amount higher than normally used ## Footnote Overdoses can have severe health consequences.
62
What are co-occurring disorders?
Mental and substance use disorders occurring simultaneously, now referred to as co-existing or co-occurring disorders ## Footnote This terminology aims to reduce stigma associated with dual diagnosis.
63
What percentage of people in Australian mental health settings have co-occurring substance use?
Approximately 20 to 75% ## Footnote This statistic indicates a significant overlap between mental health and substance use issues.
64
What should a comprehensive assessment of substance use include?
* Mental health * Physical health * History of substance use (type, frequency, amount, route) * Withdrawal assessment * History of attempts to cease use * Psychosocial assessment ## Footnote A thorough assessment is crucial for effective treatment planning.
65
What are some objective data points to consider in substance use assessment?
* Physical findings (e.g. malnutrition, signs of intoxication) * Laboratory tests (e.g. blood alcohol concentration) * Mental state changes (e.g. confusion, disorientation) ## Footnote These factors can indicate substance use but may also be present in other conditions.
66
What type of questions can be asked to gather subjective data on substance use?
* How many packets of cigarettes do you smoke? * Do you take any prescription drugs? * Do you drink alcohol? How many drinks per day? * When was the last time you drank more than you wanted to? * Do you use other drugs? What type and how much? ## Footnote These questions facilitate open discussions about substance use.
67
What is the purpose of screening tools in substance use assessment?
To increase detection of co-occurring disorders and indicate when detailed assessment is needed ## Footnote Screening tools help inform integrated treatment planning.
68
What is the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) designed for?
To screen for harmful drinking behaviors and alcohol-related problems ## Footnote This tool assesses alcohol consumption and its impacts.
69
What does the CAGE questionnaire assess?
Problem drinking through four questions regarding cutting down, annoyance by drinking, guilt, and eye-opening ## Footnote This is a brief yet effective screening tool.
70
What are the key roles of a nurse when working with someone who has used substances?
* assessment and screening * managing and supporting safety * planning appropriate interventions * managing withdrawal * reducing harm * education * supporting recovery ## Footnote The roles may vary depending on the setting and level of intoxication.
71
What is a key principle for effective assessment when working with individuals who use substances?
Non-judgemental and empathetic approach during assessment ## Footnote This approach reduces the risk of under-reporting by the individual.
72
What should a nurse use when referring to substances during assessment?
Common names for substances, e.g., ice rather than methamphetamine ## Footnote This helps in creating a more relatable and understanding environment.
73
What is a holistic approach in the context of substance use?
Addressing related issues such as relationships, housing problems, and work/school ## Footnote This approach recognizes the interconnectedness of various life aspects.
74
What is considered when planning for harm minimisation?
Abstinence may not be realistic for some individuals ## Footnote This acknowledges that different individuals have different needs and circumstances.
75
What does collaborative care planning involve?
Negotiating goals and treatment plans/options ## Footnote This ensures that the patient's preferences and needs are considered.
76
What are some nursing considerations for patients with substance use disorders?
* Obtain and monitor vital signs * Monitor mental state and level of risk * Undertake screening assessments * Administer prescribed medication * Decrease stimulation * Provide reality-based feedback * Ensure adequate fluids and nutrition * Assess changes in consciousness * Provide emotional support * Educate related to reducing use * Provide referrals to other services ## Footnote These considerations are vital for comprehensive care.
77
What is the first priority when caring for individuals with substance use issues?
Attend to life-threatening physiological symptoms first ## Footnote Stabilizing physical health is crucial before addressing substance use issues.
78
What factors determine the medication used for substance-related issues?
* The substance taken * The amount taken * The symptoms experienced ## Footnote Different substances and their effects require tailored pharmacological interventions.
79
What is an example of substitution therapy for opioid use?
Methadone ## Footnote Substitution therapy helps manage withdrawal symptoms and supports recovery.
80
What prophylactic medication is used to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy?
Thiamine ## Footnote This is critical for individuals with excessive and long-term alcohol use.
81
What can Wernicke's encephalopathy develop into if not treated?
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ## Footnote This syndrome affects short-term memory and can lead to irreversible brain damage.
82
Fill in the blank: The primary focus of nursing care for substance use disorders is to support the person's _______.
[recovery]
83
What is harm minimisation?
A strategy to reduce harm associated with drug use in Australia. ## Footnote It acknowledges the complexity of substance use and aims to support users in reducing related harms.
84
What are the three pillars of harm minimisation according to the National Drug Strategy 2017-2026?
* Demand reduction * Supply reduction * Harm reduction ## Footnote These pillars aim to reduce the harms associated with drug use.
85
What is an example of demand reduction?
* Community development projects * Targeted media campaigns * Taxation or warning labels (e.g. cigarettes or alcohol) ## Footnote These initiatives aim to decrease the demand for substances.
86
What is an example of supply reduction?
* Legislation * Law enforcement operations related to drug seizures * Arrests ## Footnote These efforts focus on reducing the availability of drugs.
87
What is an example of harm reduction?
* Needle syringe services * Methadone programs * Education ## Footnote These strategies aim to minimize the negative health impacts of drug use.
88
How can nurses contribute to harm minimisation?
By working with people using harm reduction strategies and providing support and information. ## Footnote Nurses can aid in decision-making, lifestyle changes, and recovery.
89
True or False: Harm minimisation only focuses on preventing drug use.
False ## Footnote Harm minimisation also includes reducing harm for those who do use drugs.
90
Fill in the blank: The Department of Health describes harm minimisation as 'building safe, healthy and resilient communities through preventing, reducing and responding to _______ related to health, social and economic harms.'
[alcohol, tobacco and other drugs] ## Footnote This highlights the broad focus of harm minimisation.
91
What category does alcohol belong to?
Depressant
92
List three signs of alcohol intoxication.
* Relaxation or sadness * Slower reflexes * Impaired judgment
93
What are common withdrawal symptoms from alcohol?
* Hangover (nausea, headache, restlessness) * Anxiety * Irritability * Hallucinations * Seizures * Death
94
What is one harm minimisation strategy for alcohol use?
Use alcohol guidelines (e.g. safe drinking limits)
95
What screening tool is recommended for assessing alcohol use?
AUDIT screening tool
96
What category does nicotine belong to?
Stimulant
97
What are the intoxication signs of nicotine in non-smokers?
* Dizziness * Nausea
98
What are common withdrawal symptoms from nicotine?
* Cravings * Irritability * Restlessness * Headache * GI upset
99
What is one harm minimisation strategy for nicotine use?
Graphic labels on cigarette packaging
100
What screening tool is recommended for assessing nicotine use?
CAGE questionnaire
101
What category do methamphetamine and amphetamine belong to?
Stimulant
102
List three signs of methamphetamine intoxication.
* Euphoria * Increased energy * Dilated pupils
103
What are common withdrawal symptoms from methamphetamine?
* Poor sleep * Paranoia * Anxiety * Cravings * Confusion
104
What is one harm minimisation strategy for methamphetamine use?
Safe injecting rooms, advice not to use alone
105
What category does caffeine belong to?
Stimulant
106
What are the intoxication signs of caffeine?
* Alertness * Restlessness * Dehydration * Increased HR
107
What are common withdrawal symptoms from caffeine?
* Headache * Fatigue * Drowsiness * Anxiety
108
What is one harm minimisation strategy for caffeine use?
Limit intake
109
What category does cannabis belong to?
Cannabinoid
110
List three signs of cannabis intoxication.
* Euphoria * Laughter * Increased appetite
111
What are common withdrawal symptoms from cannabis?
* Anxiety * Irritability * Restlessness
112
What is one harm minimisation strategy for cannabis use?
Avoid high-potency concentrates and synthetic cannabis
113
What category do hallucinogens like LSD belong to?
Hallucinogen (Psychedelic)
114
What are the intoxication signs of hallucinogens?
* Euphoria * Hallucinations * Dilated pupils * Increased temperature
115
What are common withdrawal symptoms from hallucinogens?
No physical symptoms known; possible fatigue, insomnia
116
What is one harm minimisation strategy for hallucinogens?
Avoid using alone
117
What category do benzodiazepines belong to?
Depressant
118
What are the intoxication signs of benzodiazepines?
* Euphoria * Drowsiness * Slurred speech
119
What are common withdrawal symptoms from benzodiazepines?
* Headache * Nausea * Tremors * GI upset * Anxiety
120
What is one harm minimisation strategy for benzodiazepines?
Prescription monitoring and controlled dispensing
121
What is a substance-use disorder?
Occurs when the use of a substance affects a person's brain and behavior, leading to an inability to control its use
122
What is a substance-induced disorder?
Describes mental changes following the use of a substance
123
What does intoxication refer to?
Any change in a person's perception, mood, cognition, or behaviour as a result of the effects of a drug/substance
124
What is tolerance?
Occurs when a person requires more of a substance to achieve the same originally felt effects
125
What can cause an overdose?
Using a drug/substance in an amount higher than what is normally used, either intentionally or accidentally
126
What is thiamine used for in alcohol abuse?
Prophylactic treatment to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy and associated deficiency
127
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
A neurological disorder affecting short-term memory that can result in irreversible brain damage
128
What are the three approaches to harm minimisation?
* Harm reduction strategies * Demand reduction * Supply reduction
129
True or False: Harm reduction strategies aim to stop substance use.
False
130
Q1: What term describes changes in perception, mood, cognition, or behavior due to substance effects? A. Tolerance B. Withdrawal C. Intoxication D. Dependence
Q1: What term describes changes in perception, mood, cognition, or behavior due to substance effects? A. Tolerance B. Withdrawal C. Intoxication ✅ D. Dependence
131
Q2: Which of the following defines a Substance Use Disorder (SUD)? A. Physical symptoms caused by a drug B. Mental health condition caused by intoxication or withdrawal C. Repeated use leading to brain/behavior changes and impaired control D. One-time use of illicit substances
Q2: Which of the following defines a Substance Use Disorder (SUD)? A. Physical symptoms caused by a drug B. Mental health condition caused by intoxication or withdrawal C. Repeated use leading to brain/behavior changes and impaired control ✅ D. One-time use of illicit substances
132
Q3: What is required for a DSM-5 diagnosis of mild SUD? A. 1 symptom B. 2–3 symptoms C. 4–5 symptoms D. 6+ symptoms
Q3: What is required for a DSM-5 diagnosis of mild SUD? A. 1 symptom B. 2–3 symptoms ✅ C. 4–5 symptoms D. 6+ symptoms
133
Q4: Tolerance refers to: A. Needing less of a drug to feel the same effect B. Experiencing severe side effects C. Needing more of a drug to achieve the desired effect D. Being immune to overdose
Q4: Tolerance refers to: A. Needing less of a drug to feel the same effect B. Experiencing severe side effects C. Needing more of a drug to achieve the desired effect ✅ D. Being immune to overdose
134
Q5: Which symptom is most likely during stimulant intoxication? A. Drowsiness B. Increased appetite C. Slurred speech D. Agitation
Q5: Which symptom is most likely during stimulant intoxication? A. Drowsiness B. Increased appetite C. Slurred speech D. Agitation ✅
135
Q6: Which disorder is characterised by mental health symptoms directly caused by substance use? A. Dependence B. Substance-induced disorder C. Bipolar disorder D. Generalised anxiety disorder
Q6: Which disorder is characterised by mental health symptoms directly caused by substance use? A. Dependence B. Substance-induced disorder ✅ C. Bipolar disorder D. Generalised anxiety disorder
136
Q7: What term best describes continued drug use despite negative consequences? A. Harm minimisation B. Physical dependence C. Substance Use Disorder D. Controlled use
Q7: What term best describes continued drug use despite negative consequences? A. Harm minimisation B. Physical dependence C. Substance Use Disorder ✅ D. Controlled use
137
Q8: Which of the following is an example of harmful use? A. Needing higher doses to achieve the same effect B. Experiencing psychosis after cannabis use C. Using nicotine daily D. Trying alcohol at a party
Q8: Which of the following is an example of harmful use? A. Needing higher doses to achieve the same effect B. Experiencing psychosis after cannabis use ✅ C. Using nicotine daily D. Trying alcohol at a party
138
Q9: What is the priority nursing intervention during acute alcohol withdrawal? A. Encouraging fluids B. Providing health education C. Monitoring vital signs and safety D. Administering antipsychotics immediately
Q9: What is the priority nursing intervention during acute alcohol withdrawal? A. Encouraging fluids B. Providing health education C. Monitoring vital signs and safety ✅ D. Administering antipsychotics immediately
139
Q10: Wernicke’s encephalopathy can be prevented with: A. Diazepam B. Paracetamol C. Thiamine D. Naltrexone
Q10: Wernicke’s encephalopathy can be prevented with: A. Diazepam B. Paracetamol C. Thiamine ✅ D. Naltrexone
140
Q11: What is the primary risk of benzodiazepine withdrawal? A. Headache B. Seizures C. Cravings D. Psychosis
Q11: What is the primary risk of benzodiazepine withdrawal? A. Headache B. Seizures ✅ C. Cravings D. Psychosis
141
Q12: Which screening tool is specifically designed for harmful drinking? A. ASSIST B. CAGE C. AUDIT D. CRAFFT
Q12: Which screening tool is specifically designed for harmful drinking? A. ASSIST B. CAGE C. AUDIT ✅ D. CRAFFT
142
Q13: Which of the following is a harm minimisation strategy? A. Punitive drug laws B. Needle syringe programs C. Abstinence-only education D. Random drug testing
Q13: Which of the following is a harm minimisation strategy? A. Punitive drug laws B. Needle syringe programs ✅ C. Abstinence-only education D. Random drug testing
143
Q14: Which term refers to physical and/or psychological symptoms that emerge after stopping substance use? A. Intoxication B. Dependence C. Overdose D. Withdrawal
Q14: Which term refers to physical and/or psychological symptoms that emerge after stopping substance use? A. Intoxication B. Dependence C. Overdose D. Withdrawal ✅
144
Q15: Which class of drugs alters perception and may cause hallucinations? A. Depressants B. Cannabinoids C. Hallucinogens D. Stimulants
Q15: Which class of drugs alters perception and may cause hallucinations? A. Depressants B. Cannabinoids C. Hallucinogens ✅ D. Stimulants
145
Q16: A person using more of a drug for longer than intended is displaying: A. Craving B. Tolerance C. A DSM-5 SUD criterion D. Withdrawal
Q16: A person using more of a drug for longer than intended is displaying: A. Craving B. Tolerance C. A DSM-5 SUD criterion ✅ D. Withdrawal
146
Q17: What is the main goal of harm minimisation? A. Achieving abstinence B. Reducing stigma C. Supporting safer substance use and reducing harm D. Increasing medication compliance
Q17: What is the main goal of harm minimisation? A. Achieving abstinence B. Reducing stigma C. Supporting safer substance use and reducing harm ✅ D. Increasing medication compliance
147
Q18: Which of the following substances is a depressant? A. LSD B. Methamphetamine C. Alcohol D. Nicotine
Q18: Which of the following substances is a depressant? A. LSD B. Methamphetamine C. Alcohol ✅ D. Nicotine
148
Q19: What is the purpose of Opioid Substitution Therapy (e.g., methadone)? A. To cause sedation B. To trigger withdrawal C. To prevent withdrawal and block euphoric effects D. To increase tolerance
Q19: What is the purpose of Opioid Substitution Therapy (e.g., methadone)? A. To cause sedation B. To trigger withdrawal C. To prevent withdrawal and block euphoric effects ✅ D. To increase tolerance
149
Q20: Which symptom is most associated with cannabis withdrawal? A. Dilated pupils B. Euphoria C. Restlessness D. Slurred speech
Q20: Which symptom is most associated with cannabis withdrawal? A. Dilated pupils B. Euphoria C. Restlessness ✅ D. Slurred speech
150
Q1: Which of the following is a DSM-5 criterion for Substance Use Disorder (SUD)? A. Using only at social events B. Developing tolerance C. Refusing peer pressure D. Having occasional cravings
Q1: Which of the following is a DSM-5 criterion for Substance Use Disorder (SUD)? A. Using only at social events B. Developing tolerance ✅ C. Refusing peer pressure D. Having occasional cravings
151
Q2: What does the DSM-5 define as 'cravings and urges' in SUD? A. Physical withdrawal symptoms B. Emotional numbness C. Strong desire or compulsion to use the substance D. Loss of interest in socializing
Q2: What does the DSM-5 define as 'cravings and urges' in SUD? A. Physical withdrawal symptoms B. Emotional numbness C. Strong desire or compulsion to use the substance ✅ D. Loss of interest in socializing
152
Q3: Which of the following best reflects 'unsuccessful attempts to cut down'? A. Reduced cravings after rehab B. Planning to quit but continuing to use despite efforts C. Reducing dose and stopping completely D. Experiencing withdrawal during detox
Q3: Which of the following best reflects 'unsuccessful attempts to cut down'? A. Reduced cravings after rehab B. Planning to quit but continuing to use despite efforts ✅ C. Reducing dose and stopping completely D. Experiencing withdrawal during detox
153
Q4: Which criterion involves spending a significant amount of time getting, using, or recovering from a substance? A. Craving B. Neglect of responsibilities C. Time-related impairment D. Relationship issues
Q4: Which criterion involves spending a significant amount of time getting, using, or recovering from a substance? A. Craving B. Neglect of responsibilities C. Time-related impairment ✅ D. Relationship issues
154
Q5: Giving up recreational, occupational, or social activities is an example of which SUD criterion? A. Hazardous use B. Relationship issues C. Important activities given up D. Increased tolerance
Q5: Giving up recreational, occupational, or social activities is an example of which SUD criterion? A. Hazardous use B. Relationship issues C. Important activities given up ✅ D. Increased tolerance
155
Q6: What does 'continued use despite physical or psychological problems' imply in SUD? A. Tolerance B. Prioritizing social use C. Using even when it worsens health conditions D. Experiencing no health concerns
Q6: What does 'continued use despite physical or psychological problems' imply in SUD? A. Tolerance B. Prioritizing social use C. Using even when it worsens health conditions ✅ D. Experiencing no health concerns
156
Q7: What is the DSM-5 threshold for diagnosing severe Substance Use Disorder? A. 2–3 criteria B. 4–5 criteria C. 6 or more criteria D. 1 major and 1 minor criterion
Q7: What is the DSM-5 threshold for diagnosing severe Substance Use Disorder? A. 2–3 criteria B. 4–5 criteria C. 6 or more criteria ✅ D. 1 major and 1 minor criterion
157
Q8: Which example best fits 'use in hazardous situations'? A. Drinking wine with dinner B. Using opioids despite a doctor's warning C. Smoking cannabis before sleep D. Driving while intoxicated
Q8: Which example best fits 'use in hazardous situations'? A. Drinking wine with dinner B. Using opioids despite a doctor's warning C. Smoking cannabis before sleep D. Driving while intoxicated ✅
158
Q9: What is an example of ‘relationship problems’ in the DSM-5 SUD criteria? A. Arguments caused by substance use B. Avoiding family events C. Social withdrawal due to anxiety D. Using substances only with friends
Q9: What is an example of ‘relationship problems’ in the DSM-5 SUD criteria? A. Arguments caused by substance use ✅ B. Avoiding family events C. Social withdrawal due to anxiety D. Using substances only with friends
159
Q10: Which scenario best reflects the ‘neglect of major responsibilities’ criterion? A. Skipping meals while high B. Missing work repeatedly due to drug use C. Prioritizing sleep over chores D. Arguing with a partner about boundaries
Q10: Which scenario best reflects the ‘neglect of major responsibilities’ criterion? A. Skipping meals while high B. Missing work repeatedly due to drug use ✅ C. Prioritizing sleep over chores D. Arguing with a partner about boundaries
160
Q11: Which of the following is NOT a DSM-5 criterion for Substance Use Disorder? A. Tolerance B. Developing a mental health disorder C. Cravings and urges D. Giving up important activities
Q11: Which of the following is NOT a DSM-5 criterion for Substance Use Disorder? A. Tolerance B. Developing a mental health disorder C. Cravings and urges D. Giving up important activities ✅
161
Q13: Which phrase best defines ‘withdrawal’ as per DSM-5 criteria? A. Need to hide substance use B. Symptoms after reducing or stopping use C. Seeking multiple prescriptions D. Loss of interest in hobbies
Q13: Which phrase best defines ‘withdrawal’ as per DSM-5 criteria? A. Need to hide substance use B. Symptoms after reducing or stopping use ✅ C. Seeking multiple prescriptions D. Loss of interest in hobbies
162
Q12: According to DSM-5, how is moderate Substance Use Disorder classified? A. 1 symptom B. 2–3 symptoms C. 4–5 symptoms D. 6–7 symptoms
Q12: According to DSM-5, how is moderate Substance Use Disorder classified? A. 1 symptom B. 2–3 symptoms C. 4–5 symptoms ✅ D. 6–7 symptoms
163
Q14: What is the primary significance of the DSM-5 criteria for SUD in nursing practice? A. They are used to justify criminal penalties B. They help nurses assess severity and plan care C. They determine medication dosage D. They are used only in psychiatric facilities
Q14: What is the primary significance of the DSM-5 criteria for SUD in nursing practice? A. They are used to justify criminal penalties B. They help nurses assess severity and plan care ✅ C. They determine medication dosage D. They are used only in psychiatric facilities
164
Q15: Which pattern of behavior reflects 'using more or for longer than intended'? A. Taking a prescribed dose exactly as instructed B. Drinking at a party despite being on antibiotics C. Planning to have one drink but having five D. Avoiding substance use in high-risk situations
Q15: Which pattern of behavior reflects 'using more or for longer than intended'? A. Taking a prescribed dose exactly as instructed B. Drinking at a party despite being on antibiotics C. Planning to have one drink but having five ✅ D. Avoiding substance use in high-risk situations
165
Q1: Which of the following substances is classified as a depressant? A. Alcohol B. Cocaine C. MDMA D. LSD
Q1: Which of the following substances is classified as a depressant? A. Alcohol ✅ B. Cocaine C. MDMA D. LSD
166
Q2: What is a typical withdrawal symptom of caffeine? A. Slurred speech B. Hallucinations C. Headache D. Diarrhoea
Q2: What is a typical withdrawal symptom of caffeine? A. Slurred speech B. Hallucinations C. Headache ✅ D. Diarrhoea
167
Q3: Which substance is most associated with bloodshot eyes and memory impairment during intoxication? A. Diazepam B. Cannabis C. Methamphetamine D. LSD
Q3: Which substance is most associated with bloodshot eyes and memory impairment during intoxication? A. Diazepam B. Cannabis ✅ C. Methamphetamine D. LSD
168
Q4: Which stimulant is known to cause dilated pupils and increased energy at high doses? A. Alcohol B. Diazepam C. Methamphetamine D. Paracetamol
Q4: Which stimulant is known to cause dilated pupils and increased energy at high doses? A. Alcohol B. Diazepam C. Methamphetamine ✅ D. Paracetamol
169
Q5: Which category do benzodiazepines fall under? A. Stimulant B. Depressant C. Cannabinoid D. Hallucinogen
Q5: Which category do benzodiazepines fall under? A. Stimulant B. Depressant ✅ C. Cannabinoid D. Hallucinogen
170
Q6: Which of the following is NOT considered a stimulant? A. Diazepam B. Caffeine C. Methamphetamine D. Nicotine
Q6: Which of the following is NOT considered a stimulant? A. Diazepam ✅ B. Caffeine C. Methamphetamine D. Nicotine
171
Q7: Which category of drugs is associated with hallucinations and sensory distortions? A. Opioids B. Stimulants C. Hallucinogens D. Depressants
Q7: Which category of drugs is associated with hallucinations and sensory distortions? A. Opioids B. Stimulants C. Hallucinogens ✅ D. Depressants
172
Q8: What is a key nursing consideration when supporting someone withdrawing from alcohol? A. Rotate injection sites B. Recommend NRT C. Monitor vital signs and use alcohol withdrawal scales D. Encourage caffeine use
Q8: What is a key nursing consideration when supporting someone withdrawing from alcohol? A. Rotate injection sites B. Recommend NRT C. Monitor vital signs and use alcohol withdrawal scales ✅ D. Encourage caffeine use
173
Q9: Which drug category includes MDMA and methamphetamine? A. Party drugs B. Depressants C. Opioids D. Hallucinogens
Q9: Which drug category includes MDMA and methamphetamine? A. Party drugs ✅ B. Depressants C. Opioids D. Hallucinogens
174
Q10: Which of the following is NOT a symptom of nicotine withdrawal? A. Irritability B. Seizures C. Cravings D. Restlessness
Q10: Which of the following is NOT a symptom of nicotine withdrawal? A. Irritability B. Seizures ✅ C. Cravings D. Restlessness
175
Q11: Which substance is most associated with dilated pupils and euphoria during intoxication? A. Alcohol B. LSD C. Paracetamol D. Diazepam
Q11: Which substance is most associated with dilated pupils and euphoria during intoxication? A. Alcohol B. LSD ✅ C. Paracetamol D. Diazepam
176
Q12: Which of the following is used to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy in long-term alcohol users? A. Diazepam B. Metoclopramide C. Naltrexone D. Thiamine
Q12: Which of the following is used to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy in long-term alcohol users? A. Diazepam B. Metoclopramide C. Naltrexone D. Thiamine ✅
177
Q13: What is a characteristic symptom of benzodiazepine intoxication? A. Slurred speech B. Hallucinations C. Muscle twitching D. Tachycardia
Q13: What is a characteristic symptom of benzodiazepine intoxication? A. Slurred speech ✅ B. Hallucinations C. Muscle twitching D. Tachycardia
178
Q14: What is a harm minimisation strategy specific to methamphetamine use? A. Encourage caffeine B. Recommend NRT C. Educating on safer injection techniques D. Promote abstinence only
Q14: What is a harm minimisation strategy specific to methamphetamine use? A. Encourage caffeine B. Recommend NRT C. Educating on safer injection techniques ✅ D. Promote abstinence only
179
Q15: Which substance has no known physical withdrawal symptoms? A. LSD B. Alcohol C. Benzodiazepines D. Cannabis
Q15: Which substance has no known physical withdrawal symptoms? A. LSD ✅ B. Alcohol C. Benzodiazepines D. Cannabis
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Q16: Which drug category includes substances like petrol and nitrous oxide? A. Inhalants B. Cannabinoids C. Hallucinogens D. Opioids
Q16: Which drug category includes substances like petrol and nitrous oxide? A. Inhalants ✅ B. Cannabinoids C. Hallucinogens D. Opioids
181
Q17: Which of the following substances can lead to seizures in high doses? A. Methamphetamine B. Cannabis C. Paracetamol D. Caffeine
Q17: Which of the following substances can lead to seizures in high doses? A. Methamphetamine ✅ B. Cannabis C. Paracetamol D. Caffeine
182
Q18: Which drug is most commonly associated with legal restriction policies for harm minimisation? A. Diazepam B. LSD C. Nicotine D. Paracetamol
Q18: Which drug is most commonly associated with legal restriction policies for harm minimisation? A. Diazepam B. LSD C. Nicotine ✅ D. Paracetamol
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Q19: Which class does heroin belong to? A. Opioids B. Hallucinogens C. Cannabinoids D. Stimulants
Q19: Which class does heroin belong to? A. Opioids ✅ B. Hallucinogens C. Cannabinoids D. Stimulants
184
Q20: Which is a psychoactive substance found in coffee and energy drinks? A. Cocaine B. Caffeine C. Nicotine D. Diazepam
Q20: Which is a psychoactive substance found in coffee and energy drinks? A. Cocaine B. Caffeine ✅ C. Nicotine D. Diazepam
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Q21: What is a common withdrawal symptom of cannabis? A. Hallucinations B. Irritability C. Vomiting D. Seizures
Q21: What is a common withdrawal symptom of cannabis? A. Hallucinations B. Irritability ✅ C. Vomiting D. Seizures
186
Q22: Which of the following substances is commonly associated with increased appetite and laughter? A. LSD B. MDMA C. Alcohol D. Cannabis
Q22: Which of the following substances is commonly associated with increased appetite and laughter? A. LSD B. MDMA C. Alcohol D. Cannabis ✅
187
Q23: What is a common nursing consideration for someone using hallucinogens? A. Educate on avoiding mixing substances B. Recommend caffeine C. Provide thiamine D. Prescribe diazepam immediately
Q23: What is a common nursing consideration for someone using hallucinogens? A. Educate on avoiding mixing substances ✅ B. Recommend caffeine C. Provide thiamine D. Prescribe diazepam immediately
188
Q24: What is the safest route of cannabis ingestion to reduce harm? A. Injecting extracts B. Inhalation with tobacco C. Oral ingestion D. Smoking synthetic blends
Q24: What is the safest route of cannabis ingestion to reduce harm? A. Injecting extracts B. Inhalation with tobacco C. Oral ingestion ✅ D. Smoking synthetic blends
189
Q25: What is the category for paracetamol and morphine? A. Hallucinogens B. Depressants C. Analgesics D. Stimulants
Q25: What is the category for paracetamol and morphine? A. Hallucinogens B. Depressants C. Analgesics ✅ D. Stimulants
190
Q26: Which of the following is a performance enhancer? A. Cocaine B. Cannabis C. MDMA D. Steroids
Q26: Which of the following is a performance enhancer? A. Cocaine B. Cannabis C. MDMA D. Steroids ✅
191
Q27: Which synthetic drug is most similar in effects to cannabis? A. Heroin B. Cocaine C. Synthetic cannabinoids D. LSD
Q27: Which synthetic drug is most similar in effects to cannabis? A. Heroin B. Cocaine C. Synthetic cannabinoids ✅ D. LSD
192
Q28: What is a key harm reduction strategy for alcohol use? A. Alternating alcohol with tobacco B. Replacing alcohol with caffeine C. Standard drink labels D. Encouraging solitary drinking
Q28: What is a key harm reduction strategy for alcohol use? A. Alternating alcohol with tobacco B. Replacing alcohol with caffeine C. Standard drink labels ✅ D. Encouraging solitary drinking
193
Q29: Which stimulant is associated with restlessness and dehydration at high doses? A. Cannabis B. Morphine C. Diazepam D. Caffeine
Q29: Which stimulant is associated with restlessness and dehydration at high doses? A. Cannabis B. Morphine C. Diazepam D. Caffeine ✅
194
Q30: Which of the following substances can result in anxiety, confusion, and poor sleep when withdrawn? A. Nicotine B. Methamphetamine ✅ C. Diazepam D. Alcohol
Q30: Which of the following substances can result in anxiety, confusion, and poor sleep when withdrawn? A. Nicotine B. Methamphetamine ✅ C. Diazepam D. Alcohol
195
Q1: Which screening tool is most appropriate for identifying risky alcohol use patterns in hospital settings? A. AUDIT B. ASSIST C. CAGE D. CIWA-Ar
Q1: Which screening tool is most appropriate for identifying risky alcohol use patterns in hospital settings? A. AUDIT ✅ B. ASSIST C. CAGE D. CIWA-Ar
196
Q2: What is the primary purpose of prescribing thiamine in alcohol withdrawal management? A. Prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy B. Control seizures C. Reduce anxiety D. Treat hallucinations
Q2: What is the primary purpose of prescribing thiamine in alcohol withdrawal management? A. Prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy ✅ B. Control seizures C. Reduce anxiety D. Treat hallucinations
197
Q3: Which of the following is a common withdrawal symptom associated with nicotine use? A. Cravings B. Hallucinations C. Seizures D. Hypertension
Q3: Which of the following is a common withdrawal symptom associated with nicotine use? A. Cravings ✅ B. Hallucinations C. Seizures D. Hypertension
198
Q4: Which nursing intervention is recommended for patients intoxicated on methamphetamine? A. Offer caffeine to counteract fatigue B. Increase dietary protein to stabilize mood C. Monitor for paranoia and provide a low-stimulation environment D. Administer benzodiazepines prophylactically
Q4: Which nursing intervention is recommended for patients intoxicated on methamphetamine? A. Offer caffeine to counteract fatigue B. Increase dietary protein to stabilize mood C. Monitor for paranoia and provide a low-stimulation environment ✅ D. Administer benzodiazepines prophylactically
199
Q5: Which symptom is least likely in alcohol withdrawal? A. Hallucinations B. Bradycardia C. Anxiety D. Seizures
Q5: Which symptom is least likely in alcohol withdrawal? A. Hallucinations B. Bradycardia ✅ C. Anxiety D. Seizures
200
Q6: For patients using cannabis, nurses should monitor for which of the following? A. Muscle rigidity and pinpoint pupils B. Chest pain and blurred vision C. Impaired memory and red eyes D. Hallucinations and tremors
Q6: For patients using cannabis, nurses should monitor for which of the following? A. Muscle rigidity and pinpoint pupils B. Chest pain and blurred vision C. Impaired memory and red eyes ✅ D. Hallucinations and tremors
201
Q7: Which withdrawal symptom is typically associated with caffeine? A. Headache B. Tachycardia C. Confusion D. Euphoria
Q7: Which withdrawal symptom is typically associated with caffeine? A. Headache ✅ B. Tachycardia C. Confusion D. Euphoria
202
Q8: What is a key nursing consideration for patients withdrawing from benzodiazepines? A. Encourage fluid restriction B. Monitor for tremors and GI upset ✅ C. Provide opioid substitution D. Administer methadone
Q8: What is a key nursing consideration for patients withdrawing from benzodiazepines? A. Encourage fluid restriction B. Monitor for tremors and GI upset ✅ C. Provide opioid substitution D. Administer methadone
203
Q9: Which of the following substances does not typically produce physical withdrawal symptoms? A. Hallucinogens B. Alcohol C. Nicotine D. Benzodiazepines
Q9: Which of the following substances does not typically produce physical withdrawal symptoms? A. Hallucinogens ✅ B. Alcohol C. Nicotine D. Benzodiazepines
204
Q10: What is the appropriate harm minimisation approach for nicotine use? A. Perform daily ECGs B. Offer benzodiazepines C. Recommend IV fluids D. Provide NRT and access to Quitline
Q10: What is the appropriate harm minimisation approach for nicotine use? A. Perform daily ECGs B. Offer benzodiazepines C. Recommend IV fluids D. Provide NRT and access to Quitline ✅
205
Q11: Which symptom is a red flag during severe alcohol withdrawal and requires urgent intervention? A. Nausea B. Mild tremors C. Disorientation and visual hallucinations D. Headache
Q11: Which symptom is a red flag during severe alcohol withdrawal and requires urgent intervention? A. Nausea B. Mild tremors C. Disorientation and visual hallucinations ✅ D. Headache
206
Q12: What is the recommended first-line medication for managing acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms? A. Antipsychotics B. Benzodiazepines C. Opioid antagonists D. SSRIs
Q12: What is the recommended first-line medication for managing acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms? A. Antipsychotics B. Benzodiazepines ✅ C. Opioid antagonists D. SSRIs
207
Q13: What should nurses assess most frequently in a patient undergoing stimulant intoxication? A. Blood glucose B. Liver function C. Mental state and cardiovascular status D. Skin integrity
Q13: What should nurses assess most frequently in a patient undergoing stimulant intoxication? A. Blood glucose B. Liver function C. Mental state and cardiovascular status ✅ D. Skin integrity
208
Q14: What is a key harm reduction strategy for people using cannabis? A. Encourage IV administration B. Recommend high-potency THC products C. Promote oral ingestion over smoking D. Suggest mixing cannabis with tobacco
Q14: What is a key harm reduction strategy for people using cannabis? A. Encourage IV administration B. Recommend high-potency THC products C. Promote oral ingestion over smoking ✅ D. Suggest mixing cannabis with tobacco
209
Q15: What is a common adverse effect of combining benzodiazepines with alcohol? A. Increased metabolism of alcohol B. CNS depression and respiratory failure C. Enhanced memory retention D. Increased blood pressure
Q15: What is a common adverse effect of combining benzodiazepines with alcohol? A. Increased metabolism of alcohol B. CNS depression and respiratory failure ✅ C. Enhanced memory retention D. Increased blood pressure
210
Q16: Which assessment tool is used to monitor the severity of alcohol withdrawal? A. AUDIT B. CIWA-Ar C. DSM-5 D. ASSIST
Q16: Which assessment tool is used to monitor the severity of alcohol withdrawal? A. AUDIT B. CIWA-Ar ✅ C. DSM-5 D. ASSIST
211
Q17: When managing withdrawal from stimulants like methamphetamine, which intervention is most appropriate? A. Administer thiamine B. Provide a stimulating environment C. Monitor for paranoia and psychosis D. Encourage caffeine intake
Q17: When managing withdrawal from stimulants like methamphetamine, which intervention is most appropriate? A. Administer thiamine B. Provide a stimulating environment C. Monitor for paranoia and psychosis ✅ D. Encourage caffeine intake
212
Q18: Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with opioid intoxication? A. Mydriasis B. Diarrhoea C. Bradycardia and respiratory depression D. Hyperreflexia
Q18: Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with opioid intoxication? A. Mydriasis B. Diarrhoea C. Bradycardia and respiratory depression ✅ D. Hyperreflexia
213
Q19: Which approach aligns with harm minimisation in benzodiazepine prescribing? A. Encourage long-term unsupervised use B. Monitor using prescription drug databases C. Prescribe in high doses initially D. Avoid providing patient education
Q19: Which approach aligns with harm minimisation in benzodiazepine prescribing? A. Encourage long-term unsupervised use B. Monitor using prescription drug databases ✅ C. Prescribe in high doses initially D. Avoid providing patient education
214
Q20: Which nursing strategy supports recovery in clients with substance use disorders? A. Using closed-ended questions to maintain control B. Emphasizing past failures C. Offering education and non-judgmental support D. Avoiding discussion of relapse
Q20: Which nursing strategy supports recovery in clients with substance use disorders? A. Using closed-ended questions to maintain control B. Emphasizing past failures C. Offering education and non-judgmental support ✅ D. Avoiding discussion of relapse
215
Q21: What is a key risk of withdrawal from benzodiazepines? A. Elevated mood B. Seizures C. Increased appetite D. Dilated pupils
Q21: What is a key risk of withdrawal from benzodiazepines? A. Elevated mood B. Seizures ✅ C. Increased appetite D. Dilated pupils
216
Q22: In a patient using nicotine, which of the following is a common withdrawal symptom? A. Drowsiness B. Hypertension C. Irritability D. Hypothermia
Q22: In a patient using nicotine, which of the following is a common withdrawal symptom? A. Drowsiness B. Hypertension C. Irritability ✅ D. Hypothermia
217
Q23: What intervention is most appropriate for a person experiencing hallucinations from alcohol withdrawal? A. Provide IV fluids only B. Place in a low-stimulation environment C. Encourage physical activity D. Offer caffeinated drinks
Q23: What intervention is most appropriate for a person experiencing hallucinations from alcohol withdrawal? A. Provide IV fluids only B. Place in a low-stimulation environment ✅ C. Encourage physical activity D. Offer caffeinated drinks
218
Q24: Which tool helps assess problematic tobacco, alcohol, and drug use across multiple substances? A. AUDIT B. CIWA-Ar C. CAGE D. ASSIST
Q24: Which tool helps assess problematic tobacco, alcohol, and drug use across multiple substances? A. AUDIT B. CIWA-Ar C. CAGE D. ASSIST ✅
219
Q25: A client who reports daily cannabis use says they feel anxious and irritable when they try to stop. What is the best nursing action? A. Dismiss the symptoms as non-serious B. Provide education on cannabis withdrawal C. Refer to the emergency department D. Encourage more cannabis use to avoid withdrawal
Q25: A client who reports daily cannabis use says they feel anxious and irritable when they try to stop. What is the best nursing action? A. Dismiss the symptoms as non-serious B. Provide education on cannabis withdrawal ✅ C. Refer to the emergency department D. Encourage more cannabis use to avoid withdrawal
220
Q26: Which of the following is a nursing priority for someone in alcohol withdrawal with hallucinations and tremors? A. Discharge planning B. Mental state exam and safety C. Administer caffeine D. Encourage physical exertion
Q26: Which of the following is a nursing priority for someone in alcohol withdrawal with hallucinations and tremors? A. Discharge planning B. Mental state exam and safety ✅ C. Administer caffeine D. Encourage physical exertion
221
Q27: Which category does methamphetamine belong to? A. Hallucinogen B. Depressant C. Cannabinoid D. Stimulant
Q27: Which category does methamphetamine belong to? A. Hallucinogen B. Depressant C. Cannabinoid D. Stimulant ✅
222
Q29: What is a harm reduction strategy for patients who inject methamphetamine? A. Encourage reuse of needles B. Recommend rotating injection sites C. Suggest combining with alcohol D. Avoid providing education
Q29: What is a harm reduction strategy for patients who inject methamphetamine? A. Encourage reuse of needles B. Recommend rotating injection sites ✅ C. Suggest combining with alcohol D. Avoid providing education
223
Q30: Which of the following is a correct nursing consideration when caring for someone withdrawing from cannabis? A. Monitor for hallucinations and respiratory distress B. Offer thiamine injections C. Monitor mood and educate about safer use D. Prescribe NRT immediately
Q30: Which of the following is a correct nursing consideration when caring for someone withdrawing from cannabis? A. Monitor for hallucinations and respiratory distress B. Offer thiamine injections C. Monitor mood and educate about safer use ✅ D. Prescribe NRT immediately
224
Q4: Which medication is used post-withdrawal to block the effects of opioids or alcohol? A. Methadone B. Diazepam C. Naltrexone D. Buprenorphine
Q4: Which medication is used post-withdrawal to block the effects of opioids or alcohol? A. Methadone B. Diazepam C. Naltrexone ✅ D. Buprenorphine
225
Q5: What is the purpose of a tapering dose schedule with benzodiazepines? A. Increase the effects of other medications B. Mimic stimulant withdrawal patterns C. Reduce dependency gradually D. Prevent cardiac complications
Q5: What is the purpose of a tapering dose schedule with benzodiazepines? A. Increase the effects of other medications B. Mimic stimulant withdrawal patterns C. Reduce dependency gradually ✅ D. Prevent cardiac complications
226
Q6: Which symptom is best managed with metoclopramide during withdrawal? A. Tremors B. Nausea and vomiting C. Agitation D. Drowsiness
Q6: Which symptom is best managed with metoclopramide during withdrawal? A. Tremors B. Nausea and vomiting ✅ C. Agitation D. Drowsiness
227
Q7: A loading dose of diazepam may be used to: A. Maintain wakefulness B. Reduce cravings C. Stabilise CNS activity early in withdrawal D. Lower heart rate
Q7: A loading dose of diazepam may be used to: A. Maintain wakefulness B. Reduce cravings C. Stabilise CNS activity early in withdrawal ✅ D. Lower heart rate
228
Q8: What is the primary pharmacological function of buprenorphine in opioid substitution therapy? A. Induce euphoria B. Enhance GABA C. Suppress withdrawal symptoms D. Increase metabolism of opioids
Q8: What is the primary pharmacological function of buprenorphine in opioid substitution therapy? A. Induce euphoria B. Enhance GABA C. Suppress withdrawal symptoms ✅ D. Increase metabolism of opioids
229
Q9: Which medication would be most appropriate to manage hallucinations during severe alcohol withdrawal? A. Paracetamol B. Diazepam C. Olanzapine D. Methadone
Q9: Which medication would be most appropriate to manage hallucinations during severe alcohol withdrawal? A. Paracetamol B. Diazepam C. Olanzapine ✅ D. Methadone
230
Q10: Which of the following is considered an opioid substitution therapy? A. Naltrexone B. Methadone C. Diazepam D. Thiamine
Q10: Which of the following is considered an opioid substitution therapy? A. Naltrexone B. Methadone ✅ C. Diazepam D. Thiamine
231
Q11: NRT (Nicotine Replacement Therapy) is primarily used to: A. Block nicotine absorption B. Reduce cravings and withdrawal C. Create aversion to smoking D. Increase heart rate
Q11: NRT (Nicotine Replacement Therapy) is primarily used to: A. Block nicotine absorption B. Reduce cravings and withdrawal ✅ C. Create aversion to smoking D. Increase heart rate
232
Q15: Which medication is not typically used in alcohol withdrawal treatment? A. Thiamine B. Paracetamol C. Buprenorphine D. Diazepam
Q15: Which medication is not typically used in alcohol withdrawal treatment? A. Thiamine B. Paracetamol C. Buprenorphine ✅ D. Diazepam
233
Q18: Which medication directly reduces dopamine-driven psychotic symptoms during withdrawal? A. Diazepam B. Naltrexone C. Olanzapine D. Buprenorphine
Q18: Which medication directly reduces dopamine-driven psychotic symptoms during withdrawal? A. Diazepam B. Naltrexone C. Olanzapine ✅ D. Buprenorphine
234
Q19: What distinguishes naltrexone from methadone in substance use treatment? A. Naltrexone is used during acute withdrawal B. Methadone prevents opioid binding; naltrexone blocks receptor effects C. Methadone requires daily administration; naltrexone is weekly D. Naltrexone is safer during pregnancy
Q19: What distinguishes naltrexone from methadone in substance use treatment? A. Naltrexone is used during acute withdrawal B. Methadone prevents opioid binding; naltrexone blocks receptor effects ✅ C. Methadone requires daily administration; naltrexone is weekly D. Naltrexone is safer during pregnancy
235
Q1: What is the primary focus of the ASSIST screening tool? A. Screening for alcohol misuse only B. Identifying early psychosis in stimulant users C. Assessing risky use across multiple substances D. Monitoring relapse in opioid substitution therapy
Q1: What is the primary focus of the ASSIST screening tool? A. Screening for alcohol misuse only B. Identifying early psychosis in stimulant users C. Assessing risky use across multiple substances ✅ D. Monitoring relapse in opioid substitution therapy
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Q2: Which component of the CAGE questionnaire assesses physical dependence? A. “Have you ever felt you should Cut down on your drinking?” B. “Have people Annoyed you by criticising your drinking?” C. “Have you ever felt bad or Guilty about your drinking?” D. “Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover (Eye-opener)?”
Q2: Which component of the CAGE questionnaire assesses physical dependence? A. “Have you ever felt you should Cut down on your drinking?” B. “Have people Annoyed you by criticising your drinking?” C. “Have you ever felt bad or Guilty about your drinking?” D. “Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover (Eye-opener)?” ✅
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Q3: Which substances are specifically covered by the ASSIST tool? A. Only alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis B. Alcohol, nicotine, and prescription sedatives C. All major licit and illicit drugs, including hallucinogens and solvents D. Stimulants, depressants, and opioids only
Q3: Which substances are specifically covered by the ASSIST tool? A. Only alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis B. Alcohol, nicotine, and prescription sedatives C. All major licit and illicit drugs, including hallucinogens and solvents ✅ D. Stimulants, depressants, and opioids only
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Q4: What is the main purpose of the AUDIT screening tool? A. To diagnose alcohol dependence B. To assess for substance-induced psychosis C. To identify harmful patterns of alcohol use and related consequences D. To detect nicotine dependence
Q4: What is the main purpose of the AUDIT screening tool? A. To diagnose alcohol dependence B. To assess for substance-induced psychosis C. To identify harmful patterns of alcohol use and related consequences ✅ D. To detect nicotine dependence
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Q5: A score of 8 or more on the AUDIT indicates: A. Severe alcohol dependence B. Low risk, occasional alcohol use C. Hazardous or harmful alcohol use D. No intervention needed
Q5: A score of 8 or more on the AUDIT indicates: A. Severe alcohol dependence B. Low risk, occasional alcohol use C. Hazardous or harmful alcohol use ✅ D. No intervention needed
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Q6: How many questions are included in the CAGE questionnaire? A. 10 B. 7 C. 4 D. 5
Q6: How many questions are included in the CAGE questionnaire? A. 10 B. 7 C. 4 ✅ D. 5
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Q7: Which tool provides insight into both lifetime and current substance use risk? A. AUDIT B. CAGE C. ASSIST D. SDS
Q7: Which tool provides insight into both lifetime and current substance use risk? A. AUDIT B. CAGE C. ASSIST ✅ D. SDS
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Q8: In what setting is the CAGE tool most appropriately used? A. Emergency triage during intoxication B. Population-level surveillance C. Brief screening in general medical settings D. Long-term inpatient rehab facilities only
Q8: In what setting is the CAGE tool most appropriately used? A. Emergency triage during intoxication B. Population-level surveillance C. Brief screening in general medical settings ✅ D. Long-term inpatient rehab facilities only
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Q9: Which best describes a limitation of the CAGE questionnaire? A. It is not evidence-based B. It is not useful for assessing prescription drug misuse C. It does not assess current level of alcohol consumption or frequency D. It lacks sensitivity in identifying binge drinking in young adults
Q9: Which best describes a limitation of the CAGE questionnaire? A. It is not evidence-based B. It is not useful for assessing prescription drug misuse C. It does not assess current level of alcohol consumption or frequency ✅ D. It lacks sensitivity in identifying binge drinking in young adults
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Q10: What distinguishes the ASSIST from the AUDIT tool? A. ASSIST is designed for inpatient psychiatric settings only B. AUDIT covers tobacco and illicit drugs C. ASSIST evaluates multiple substances beyond alcohol, including frequency, cravings, and problems caused D. AUDIT uses a narrative format, whereas ASSIST is a numerical scale
Q10: What distinguishes the ASSIST from the AUDIT tool? A. ASSIST is designed for inpatient psychiatric settings only B. AUDIT covers tobacco and illicit drugs C. ASSIST evaluates multiple substances beyond alcohol, including frequency, cravings, and problems caused ✅ D. AUDIT uses a narrative format, whereas ASSIST is a numerical scale
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Q1: What is the most accurate description of a co-occurring disorder in the context of substance use? A. The presence of a physical illness in a person with alcohol dependence B. Concurrent diagnosis of substance use and any cognitive deficit C. Coexistence of a substance use disorder and a mental health condition D. Repeated relapses due to poor insight and non-compliance
Q1: What is the most accurate description of a co-occurring disorder in the context of substance use? A. The presence of a physical illness in a person with alcohol dependence B. Concurrent diagnosis of substance use and any cognitive deficit C. Coexistence of a substance use disorder and a mental health condition ✅ D. Repeated relapses due to poor insight and non-compliance
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Q2: Which factor complicates treatment outcomes for individuals with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders? A. Early intervention and high motivation to change B. Effective communication between mental health and drug services C. Increased medication adherence due to dual support systems D. Reduced treatment adherence and greater symptom severity
Q2: Which factor complicates treatment outcomes for individuals with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders? A. Early intervention and high motivation to change B. Effective communication between mental health and drug services C. Increased medication adherence due to dual support systems D. Reduced treatment adherence and greater symptom severity ✅
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Q3: What term is now preferred over 'dual diagnosis' to reduce stigma when discussing concurrent substance use and mental illness? A. Comorbidity B. Psychosocial complexity C. Co-existing or co-occurring conditions D. Integrated psychiatric disorders
Q3: What term is now preferred over 'dual diagnosis' to reduce stigma when discussing concurrent substance use and mental illness? A. Comorbidity B. Psychosocial complexity C. Co-existing or co-occurring conditions ✅ D. Integrated psychiatric disorders
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Q4: A person using methamphetamine presents with paranoia and thought disorder. What is the nurse's priority consideration? A. Document symptoms and wait for natural resolution B. Rule out personality disorder before treating paranoia C. Consider substance-induced mental state changes D. Avoid psychiatric assessment until detox is complete
Q4: A person using methamphetamine presents with paranoia and thought disorder. What is the nurse's priority consideration? A. Document symptoms and wait for natural resolution B. Rule out personality disorder before treating paranoia C. Consider substance-induced mental state changes ✅ D. Avoid psychiatric assessment until detox is complete
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Q5: Why is a holistic approach critical in the assessment of individuals with co-occurring disorders? A. It ensures medication is the primary treatment strategy B. It prevents overdiagnosis of physical health problems C. It helps identify broader social and psychological factors impacting both conditions D. It limits the need for interdisciplinary collaboration
Q5: Why is a holistic approach critical in the assessment of individuals with co-occurring disorders? A. It ensures medication is the primary treatment strategy B. It prevents overdiagnosis of physical health problems C. It helps identify broader social and psychological factors impacting both conditions ✅ D. It limits the need for interdisciplinary collaboration

#NUR2225 (8 decks)

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