W5 - pt 1 - language development Flashcards
At around what age do children produce their first recognizable word?
~12 months
By ~15 months, how large is a child’s typical vocabulary?
~25 words or word fragments
Around what age does a child’s vocabulary reach approximately 300 words?
~2 years
What is the typical vocabulary range for a 5-year-old experiencing a “vocabulary spurt”?
10,000–15,000 words
What is the estimated vocabulary size of an 18-year-old?
60,000 words
What term is used to describe a child’s rapid vocabulary increase around age 5?
Vocabulary spurt or naming explosion
In Stage 1: Babbling (4-9 months), how are the sounds produced?
Repetitive and meaningless (e.g., ‘bababa’)
During babbling, what happens to infants’ ability to distinguish sounds?
They become more attuned to native language sounds over time
What is the characteristic feature of the One-Word or Holophrastic Stage?
Single words represent entire thoughts (e.g., ‘mama’ for ‘I want mama’)
What types of words do infants commonly produce first?
Concrete nouns (objects they can see and interact with)
What is ‘Final Consonant Deletion’ in early speech development?
Dropping the final consonant in words (e.g., ‘dog’ becomes ‘do’)
What phonological process changes ‘stop’ to ‘top’?
Consonant Cluster Reduction
Which stage marks the beginning of simple syntax in toddlers’ speech?
Stage 3: Two-Word Stage (18-24 months)
How do two-word combinations like ‘daddy sleep’ signify language development?
They show emerging syntax, indicating understanding of relationships
What is omitted in ‘telegraphic speech’?
Function words like ‘the,’ ‘is,’ and ‘on’
What type of sentence structure is common in Stage 4: Telegraphic Speech?
Brief three-word sentences, primarily nouns, verbs, and adjectives
At what stage can fetuses begin perceiving sounds in the womb?
Prenatal stage
What did DeCasper & Spence’s 1986 study on prenatal sound perception reveal?
Newborns recognize familiar prosody from stories heard prenatally
How does the Non-Nutritive Sucking Method measure infant speech perception?
By observing sucking rate changes in response to new sounds
What is ‘categorical perception’ in infants?
Ability to detect sound differences, like between ‘ba’ and ‘pa’
Before ~1 year, how do infants respond to sounds from different languages?
They can distinguish sounds universally, but this fades with age
What is significant about infants’ first vocalizations like crying and cooing?
They are universal, emotion-driven, and not language-specific
What does ‘manual babbling’ in deaf infants show?
Deaf infants babble with their hands
Which sounds are often produced first during babbling?
Front-of-mouth sounds like /p/, /m/, /d/
