W9 - Respiratory Flashcards
Test III Reviewer (39 cards)
The part of human homeostasis concerning the proper balance between acids and bases, also called body pH.
Acid-base balance
An increased acidity in the blood and other body tissue.
Acidosis
A condition in which the body fluids have excess base.
Alkalosis
Temporary cessation of breathing, esp. during sleep.
Apnea
A blood test that is performed using blood from an artery. It involves puncturing an artery with a thin needle and syringe and drawing a small volume of blood.
- It measures the arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), and acidity (pH). In addition, arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2).
Arterial blood gases
A common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and bronchospasm. Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
Asthma
A condition in which one or more areas of your lungs collapse or don’t inflate properly.
Atelectasis
Air filled sacs which look like blisters that develop on the lungs.
Bleb
A condition in which damage to the airways causes them to widen and become flabby and scarred. It is often caused by an infection or other condition that injures the walls of the airways or prevents the airways from clearing mucus. In this condition, your airways slowly lose their ability to clear out mucus. The mucus builds up, and bacteria begin to grow. This leads to repeated, serious lung infections. Each infection causes more damage to the airways. Over time, the airways can’t properly move air in and out of the lungs. As a result, the body’s vital organs might not get enough oxygen.
Bronchiectasis
A hollow, flexible tube in the chest. It acts like a drain.
- It drains blood, fluid, or air from around your lungs. This allows your lungs to fully expand.
- It is placed between your ribs and into the space between the inner lining and the outer lining of your lung. This is called the pleural space.
Chest tube
A painless, noninvasive test that creates pictures of the structures inside your chest, such as your heart, lungs, and blood vessels. These are electromagnetic waves. They use ionizing radiation to create pictures of the inside of your body.
Chest x-ray
An inflammation of the bronchi that doesn`t go away. This inflammation means the walls of your bronchi are swollen and filled with extra sticky mucus. Airflow into and out of your lungs is partly blocked because of the swelling and extra mucus in your bronchi.
- With this condition, the mucus cannot be cleared. Instead of helping to clean the lungs, the mucus blocks your airways. The mucus is thicker and more difficult to cough up. This means it’s easier for bacteria to settle in your lower airways and become infected.
Chronic bronchitis
This condition slowly damages your airways, the breathing tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. It makes airways swollen and partly blocked by mucus. It also damages in the tiny air sacs at the tips of your airways. This makes it hard to move air in and out of your lungs.
Chronic obstructive lung disease
The body’s way of removing foreign material or mucus from the lungs and upper airway passages or of reacting to an irritated airway.
Cough
Abnormal breath sounds caused by explosive opening of small airways and are discontinuous, nonmusical, and brief. They are much more common during the inspiratory than the expiratory phase of breathing, but they may be heard during the expiratory phase. In addition, they are often associated with inflammation or infection of the small bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
Crackles
A bluish color to the skin or mucus membranes that is usually due to a lack of oxygen in the blood.
Cyanosis
A sudden and severe shortness of breath, or difficulty in breathing.
Dyspnea
The lodging of an embolus, which may be a blood clot, a fat globule or a gas bubble in the bloodstream, which can cause a blockage.
Embolism
A chronic (long-term) lung disease that can get worse over time. It’s usually caused by smoking. Having this condition means some of the air sacs in your lungs are damaged, making it hard to breathe.
Emphysema
A lesion seen in the lung that is caused by tuberculosis. The lesions consist of a calcified focus of infection and an associated lymph node. These lesions are particularly common in children and can retain viable bacteria, so are sources of long-term infection and may be involved in reactivation of the disease in later life.
Ghon complex
A primary lesion usually subpleural, often in the mid to lower zones, caused by mycobacterium bacilli (tuberculosis) developed in the lung of a nonimmune host (usually a child).
Ghon focus
The spitting of blood that originated in the lungs or bronchial tubes.
Hemoptysis
A condition that results from blood accumulating in the pleural cavity.
Hemothorax
An abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood.
Hypoxemia
