Wallace_Pronouns

Question 1

What is it called when there is a redundant pronoun (ie the pronoun is implied in the verb, or some other means)?

Answer 1

pleonastic

Question 2

When the noun comes before the pronoun it is called? And after, it is called?

Answer 2

1. antecedent

2. postcedent

Question 3

What are the first 4 categories of undisputed pronouns?

Answer 3

1. personal,
2. demonstrative
3. relative
4. interrogative

Question 4

What are the second 4 categories of undisputed pronouns?

Answer 4

5. indefinite
6. intensive
7. reflexive
8. reciprocal
   (the possessive is not a true Greek category)

Question 5

What are the two main uses of the personal pronoun in the nominative?

Answer 5

1. emphasis

2. redundancy

Question 6

What are the three main uses of the personal pronoun in oblique cases?

Answer 6

1. anaphoric (normal use)
2. possessive
3. reflexive (rare)

Question 7

A small group of demonstrative pronouns involve a constructio ad sensum. What does this mean

Answer 7

1. have a natural agreement with their antecedents that override their grammatical concord
2. “construction according to sense”
3. usually concern gender

Question 8

What does the neuter near demonstrative routinely refer to? What does the plural usually refer to?

Answer 8

1. a phrase or clause (whether antecedent or postcedent)

2. almost exclusively to retrospective uses (previous argument or event)

Question 9

What is the purpose of the relative clause?

Answer 9

1. describe
2. clarify
3. restrict
   (reminder sometimes the indefinite relative pronoun with have the same semantic force as the relative and will have a definite referent in view)

Question 10

What are two abnormal grammatical constructions of the relative clause?

Answer 10

1. instead of agreeing with the grammatical gender of antecedent, the relative pronoun will sometimes agree according to sense (constructio ad sensum)
2. Sometimes the case of the relative is attracted to that of the antecedent (typically the relative pronoun agrees in gender and number, but the case is that of its function)

Question 11

how should the construction preposition + relative pronoun be translated?

Answer 11

1. typically as an adverb or conjunction

2. therefore, meanwhile, because, etc

Question 12

What are the two general senses that the indefinite pronoun has?

Answer 12

1. generic: whole class “(whoever,” “everyone who,” etc)

2. qualitative: nature or essence of the person or thing (“the very ones who” “these indeed”)

Question 13

What are the three different interrogative pronouns and they type of questions they ask?

Answer 13

`1. τίς τί: identifying (who, what, why)

2. ποῖος: qualitative (what sort of)
3. ποσος: quantitative (how much?)

Question 14

What are the two main functions of τίς τί?

Answer 14

1. pronoun
2. adjective
   (is used to introduce both direct and indirect questions; neuter is used adverbially [why?]; occasionally can be used to as qualitative question (what sort?)

Question 15

What is the two main functions of τις τι? And what is its general description

Answer 15

1. used to introduce a member of a class without further identification
2. used as pronoun and adjectively
   (anyone, someone, a certain, a(n)

Question 16

What are the 4 ways that possession can be expressed in Greek?

Answer 16

1. possessive adjective (ἐμος, σος, ἡμετερος, ὑμετερος)
2. genitive of the personal pronoun
3. the article
4. ἲδιος

Question 17

What is the semantics of αὐτος when it stands in predicate position to an articular noun or anarthrous proper name? And will this be the only time it has this semantic force?

Answer 17

1. intensive
2. No, it can have this force when it stands alone either as the subject of the verb or in any of the oblique cases
   (himself, herself, itself, etc)

Question 18

What is the semantics of αὐτος when it stands in an attributive position?

Answer 18

1. identifying adjective (same)

remember adjective=identical use; and predicate=intensive use

Question 19

What is frequently the force of the reflexive pronoun?

Answer 19

1. to indicate that the subject is also the object of the action of the verb (used to highlight the participation of the subject in the verbal action, as direct, object, indirect object, intensifier, etc.; ἐμαυτου (of myself, my own), σεαυτου (of yourself, your own), ἑαυτου (of themselves, their own), ἑαυτων (of themselves, their own)

Question 20

What is the reciprocal pronoun? And how is it used?

Answer 20

1. ἀλληλων

2. used to indicate an interchange between two or more groups (always plural and only in oblique cases [like reflexive]