Wastewater Engineering 1 Flashcards
(300 cards)
1
Q
Branch of engineering with the transportation and cleaning of sewage or consumed water
A
Wastewater Engineering
2
Q
Introduction of a substance to the environment leading to a lost beneficial use of resource
A
Pollution
3
Q
Mass flux of a pollutant
A
Load
4
Q
control of pollution from human activity
A
Water quality management
5
Q
Revised water usage and classification
A
dao 34
6
Q
For maintaining the quality of Philippine waters
A
Water usage and classification
7
Q
Identifiable sources of pollution
A
Point source
8
Q
Multiple pollution sources
A
Non-point source
9
Q
Consumed water
A
Sewage/Wastewater
10
Q
Raw wastewater coming into a treatment plant
A
Influent
11
Q
Treated water discharged from a wastewater treatment plant
A
Effluent
12
Q
Sanitary conveniences of dwelling, residential, commercial, institutional and similar facilities
A
Domestic wastewater
13
Q
Wastewater that comes from industries that contain high strength waste
A
Industrial wastewater
14
Q
Liquid flowing in sewers during or after rainfall
A
Storm sewage
15
Q
Consists of a combination of sanitary wastewater and storm water runoff
A
Combined wastewater
16
Q
Water discharged into a sewer pipes or service pipes
A
Inflow
17
Q
Groundwater entering sewers through broken joints and/or broken pipes
A
Infiltration
18
Q
Sum of direct inflow at any point in the system plus any flow discharged
A
Total inflow
19
Q
Stormwater that may require several days or more to drain thru the sewer system
A
Delayed inflow
20
Q
Consumed water in kitchen, bathroom and laundry
A
Greywater
21
Q
Feces and urine
A
Black water
22
Q
Urine separated from black water
A
Yellow water
23
Q
Black water without yellow water
A
Brown water
24
Q
BOD range for domestic
A
300-500 mg/L
25
TSS for domestic
300 mg/L
26
COD for domestic
500-1000 mg/L
27
Industrial wastewater characteristics
HIgh or low pH, color and high temperatures, high heavy metals, and inorganic chemicals
28
Sewage composition
99.9% water 0.1% solid
29
Solid composition in sewage
Organic and inorganic materials
30
Organic composition in sewage
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats & Oil and Nutrients
31
It refers to the reproducibility of an analytic technique when it is repeated on a homogenous sample without regard to actual value
Precision
32
Correspondence between the measured value and the actual value
Accuracy
33
The rate of growth is constant
Arithmetic Method
34
The rate of growth follows a geometric or logarithmic relationship
Geometric Method
35
Involves graphical projection of the past population growth curve
Curvilinear Method
36
The logistic curve used in modeling population trends that has an s curve
Logistic Method
37
Assumes that the city has a limiting saturation population, it has deficits in population
Declining Growth
38
All the matter that remains as residue upon evaporation at 103 to 105 deg C
Total Solids
39
The residue left in the vessel after a sample is ignited at 550 deg C
Fixed solids
40
The weight loss after a sample is ignited at 550 deg C
Volatile solid
41
Solids in water that can be trapped or retained in a standard glass fiber filter
Total Suspended Solids
42
Suspended solids that will settle to the bottom of a cone shaped contained (imhoff cone) in one hour
Settleable Solids
43
Solids that does not settle readily
Colloidal Solids
44
Solids in water that can pass thru a glass fiber filter
Total Dissolved Solids
45
Solids lost on ignition
Volatile Suspended Solids
46
Inorganic fraction that remains behind as ash after ignition
Fixed Solids
47
Caused by gases produced by the decomposition of organic matter
Odors
48
Odor of Amines
Fishy
49
Odor of Ammonia
Ammoniacal
50
Odor of Diamines
Decayed Fish
51
Odor of Hydrogen Sulfide
Rotten Eggs
52
Odor of Mercaptans
Decayed Cabbages, skunk
53
Odor of Organic Sulfides
Rotten Cabbage
54
Odor of Skatole
Fecal matter
55
Color of fresh wastewater
Gray
56
Color of septic/stale wastewater
Black
57
Type of color that is due to suspended solids
Apparent Color
58
Type of color that is due to the dissolved solids that remain after suspended solids
True color
59
Unit of measurement of Color
True color unit and Platinum cobalt unit
60
A measure of light transmitting properties of water
Turbidity
61
It is a negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration
pH
62
A variety of organic substances including hydrocarbons, fats, oils, waxes and high-molecular weighty fatty acids
Fats, oils and grease (FOG)
63
DENR Standard of FOG
less than 5 mg/L
64
Instruments used for measuring FOG
Soxhlet Extraction Flasks
65
Solids are derived from both the animal and plant kingdoms and the activities of man as related to the synthesis of organic compounds
Organic Matter
66
The principal constituents of the animal organisms
Proteins
67
Includes sugars, starches, cellulose and wood fiber
Carbohydrates
68
Large organic molecules that are slightly soluble in water and cause foaming in waste-treatment plants
Surfactants
69
Causes taste problems in drinking water
Phenols
70
The oxygen required by biochemical processes to completely aerobically decomposes organic matter
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
71
It is a measure of oxygen content
Dissolved Oxygen
72
The amount of oxygen required to decompose all of the organic material after "infinite time"
Ultimate BOD
73
Oxygen consumption due to carbon
Carbonaceous BOD
74
Oxygen consumption due to nitrogen oxidation
Nitrogenous BOD
75
The amount of oxygen required to oxidize and stabilize organic and inorganic content of the sample solution
Chemical Oxygen Demand
76
Used as a strong oxidizing agent
Potassium dichromate
77
Based on stoichiometric arrangement of organic matter in wastewater, which is generally a combination of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen
Theoretical Oxygen Demand
78
Applicable to small concentration. The test is performed by injecting a known quantity of sample into a high temperature furnace
Total Organic Carbon
79
It is a constituent of proteins, chlorophyll and many other biological compounds
Nitrogen
80
The sum of nitrogen, ammonia and ammonium
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen
81
Blue Baby syndrome is caused by what
Methemoglobinemia
82
Domestic Wastewater Color
Gray
83
Domestic Wastewater characteristics of Odor
Musty
84
Domestic Wastewater characteristics of DO
Greater than 1 mg/L
85
Domestic Wastewater characteristics of pH
6.5 to 9
86
Domestic Wastewater characteristics of TSS
100-350 mg/L
87
Domestic Wastewater characteristics of BOD5
100-300 mg/L
88
Domestic Wastewater characteristics of COD
200-500 mg/L
89
Domestic Wastewater characteristics of Total Nitrogen
20-85 mg/L
90
Domestic Wastewater characteristics of Total Phosphorus
8-20 mg/L
91
Domestic Wastewater characteristics of fecal coliform
500,000-3,000,000 MPN/100ml
92
SIngle-celled plants which metabolize soluble food and reproduce by binary fission
Bacteria
93
The adjustment phase of microorganism
Lag Phase
94
Microogranism multiply since there is an ample supply of food
Log growth Phase
95
The point at which the food is largely depleted and food becomes the limiting factor in further growth
Declining growth Phase
96
Food = Microogranism -
Stationary Phase
97
The total mass of microoragnisms will slowly decrease
Endogenous Phase
98
It oxidizes organic matter utlizing the electron acceptors other than oxygen
Anaerobic Bacteria
99
It utilizes free oxygen as an electron acceptor
Aerobic Bacteria
100
It is most of the bacteria encountered in wastewater it can function in both anaerobic and aerobic environment
Facultative Bacteria
101
Denitrifying bacteria. Important in biological nitrate removal in treatment works
Pseudomonas
102
Helps through its slime production in the formation of flocs in aeration tanks
Zooglea
103
It cause sludge bulking in the aeration tanks
Sphaerotilus natans
104
Stores large amounts of phosphate under aerobic conditions and release it under anaerobic condition
Acinetobacter
105
Nitrifying bacteria that converts NH4 to NO2
Nitrosomonas
106
Transforms NO2 to NO3
Nitrobacter
107
Photosynthetic microorganisms that produce oxygen and organic cell mass from inorganic chemicals
Algae
108
They are single celled protists which reproduce by binary fission. These include amoebas, flagellates, and free-swimming stalked cilates which are important to sanitary engrs.
Protozoa
109
Multicellular nonphotosynthetic plants
Fungi
110
Simplest multicellular animals. Their presence is a good indication of the relative stability of a treated waste
Rotifers
111
They are rod shaped bacteria thriving inside the intestinal tract of a man
Coliform Organism
112
All aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative gram-negative, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with gas formation within 48 hrs
Total Coliform
113
Test procedure for determining the presence of coliform based on the ability of the coliform group to ferment lactose broth, producing gas
Presumptive test
114
Test procedure for determining the presence of coliform consist of growing cultures of coliform bacteria on media that supress the growth of other organisms
Confirmed test
115
An accepted method for determining the number of coliform organisms that is present in a given volume of water that has been used in a long time and is based on a statistical analysis of the number of positive and negative results obtained when testing multiple portions of equal volume and in portions constituting a geometric series for the presence of coliform
Most Probable Number
116
An accepted method for determining the number of coliform organisms that is accomplished by passing a known volume of water sample through a membrane filter that has a very small pore size
Membrane Filter Technique
117
Sample is taken at random with no particular time
Grab Sampling
118
It is a mixture of grab samples taken over a period of time, with the volume of individual samples
Composite sampling
119
Sample represents diversion of a small fraction of the total flow over some period of time
Continuous Sampling
120
The treatment or removal of contaminant is brought by the physical or mechanical sources
Unit Operation
121
The treatment occurs predominately due to chemical and biological reactions
Unit process
122
Treatment methods in which the application of physical forces predominate
Physical unit operations
123
It is an example of physical unit of operation wherein the racks or bar screens are the 1st step in WTP. They are used to remove large objects
Screening
124
It is an example of physical unit of operation where it is used to remove heavy material such as sand, gravel, eggshell and etc.
Grit Removal
125
It is an example of physical unit of operation where it is used to remove setteable solids
Primary sedimentation
126
It is an example of physical unit of operation where it is used to polish the effluent. TSS and turbidity are removed
Filtration
127
It is an example of physical unit of operation where it is a demineralized process applicable to production of high quality water from effluent
Reverse Osmosis/Ultrafiltration
128
Treatment methods in which the removal or conversion of contaminants is brought about by the addition of chemicals or other chemical reactions
Chemical Unit Processes
129
An example of chemical unit process where the treatment is accomplished by producing a chemical precipitate that will settle
Chemical Precipitation
130
An example of chemical unit process where the removal of specific compounds from the wastewater on solid surfaces using the removal of specific compounds from the wastewater on solid surfaces using the attraction between bodies
Adsorption
131
An example of chemical unit process where it is used to reduce the number of water borne pathogens in the effluent
Disinfection
132
An example of chemical unit process where ammonia nitrogen is oxidized to nitrogen gas in a mixing basin
Break point chlorination
133
Treatment methods where the removal of contaminants is brought about biological activity of action of microorganisms
Biological unit process
134
An example of biological unit process where it is used to removed dissolved organics. The principal variation is activated sludge
Suspended growth biological reactor
135
An example of biological unit process where it is used to removed dissolved organics. The principal variation is trickling filter
Attached growth biological reactor
136
An example of biological unit process where the process is used to convert ammonia to nitrate. Achieved in suspended or attached biological reactor
Nitrification
137
An example of biological unit process where the nitrite and nitrate are reduced to nitrogen gas by microorganisms. Achieved under anaerobic conditions in suspended or attached growth biological reactor
Denitrification
138
It is a graphical representation of a particular combination of unit operation and processes
Flowsheet
139
Key criteria used as a basis for sizing the individual unit operation and processes
Process loading criteria
140
It is determined by identifying the quantities of solids entering and leaving each unit operation
Solid balance
141
It is used to identify the elevation of the free surface of the WW
Hydraulic profile
142
It is the spatial arrangement of the physical facilities of the treatment plant in the flowsheet
Plant layout
143
Elements of Plant Analysis and design `
Flowsheet, Process loading criteria, solid balance, hydraulic profile, and plant layout
144
It provides protection to WTP equipment
Preliminary Treatment
145
The part of the preliminary treatment where it is used for the removal of coarse and setteable solids by inception
Screening
146
A type of screen that is composed of parallel bars or rods which maybe hand cleaned or mechanically cleaned
Racks/Bar screens
147
A type of screen that is a wire/cloth mesh
Fine screens
148
It is the average flow rate over a period of time
Average Daily Flow rate
149
Highest flow rate measure in 24h period
Peak Hourly Flow rate
150
Maximum daily design flow over a period of time
Maximum daily flow rate
151
The part of the preliminary treatment where the grinding of coarse solids turn into a more or less uniform size
Solids grinding/Comminution
152
It is a combination of a bar screen and comminutor.
Barminutor
153
Devices that are used to cut up solids in wastewater
Comminutor
154
It is an enlarged channel where the velocity of wastewater flow is controlled to allow only the heavier solids to settle
Grit chamber
155
Maintains a constant volumetric flow of wastewater from pre-treatment to other downstream operation
Equalization basin
156
It provides tools for modeling the production, transport and fate of pollutants in the environment; Mathematical representation of the Law of conservation of matter
Mass Balances
157
It is a tool for modeling the production, transport and fate of energy in the environment; Mathematical representation of the Law of conservation of energy
Energy balance
158
They are significant tools in understanding and in scientific qualification of the behavior of environmental systems
Mass Balance and Energy balance
159
The tanks in which physical, chemical and biochemical reactions occur
Reactors
160
A specific region of space which has boundaries across which the terms min and mout are determined
Control Volume
161
The rate at which mass enter or leaves the system
Mass flux
162
It means that the properties of the system do not change with time
Steady State
163
It means the mass is in the control volume which varies in time
Non-steady state
164
The pollutant does not change form over time; no reactions
Conservative Pollutant
165
The pollutant changes over time due to the chemical, physical or biological reactions
Non-conservative Pollutant
166
It is the reaction rate that is due to the biological degradation
Decay Rate
167
Time dependent reactions
Kinetic Reactions
168
They have no chemical formation or loss within the control volume
Conservative
169
The rate of loss of the compound is constant
Zero-order decay Rate
170
It is defined as the time required for the concentration of a chemical to decrease by one-half
Half-life
171
It refers to the use of mass balances to analyze pollutant concentrations in a control volume that is either a chemical or a natural system modeled as a chemical reactor
Reactor Analysis
172
Three general types of reactors in water and wastewater treatment
Batch Reactor, Plug flow reactor, and Continuous-Flow Stirred tank reactor
173
It is a type of reactor that is fully mixed reactor with no flow in or out of the reactor
Batch Reactor
174
It is a type of reactor that is used to model the chemical transformation of compounds as they are transported in systems resembling pipes
Plug Flow Reactor
175
It is a type of reactor with flow through and that is completely mixed. It is immediately mixed throughout the entire volume of the reactor
Continuous-Flow Reactor
176
It is the first process in the wastewater treatment plant to remove a significant fraction of organic particulate matter
Primary Treatment
177
It consists of grease, oil, plastic. leaves, rags, hair, and other floatable material
Scum
178
Primary treatment removal efficiency of setteable solids
90-95%
179
Primary treatment removal efficiency of suspended solids
50-65%
180
Primary treatment removal efficiency of BOD
20-35%
181
It is the oldest and most widely used unit operation in wastewater treatment. It is the process used in both primary and secondary wastewater treatment that takes place when gravity pulls particles to the bottom of a tank
Sedimentation
182
The objective of this treatment is to remove readily available setteable solids and floating materials and thus reduce the suspended solid content
Primary Sedimentation
183
A type of sedimentation tank that serves as combined settling and skimming tanks and as an unheated unmixed anaerobic digester
Septic Tank
184
A type of sedimentation tank that is similar to a septic tank in the removal of setteable solids and the anaerobic digestion of solids.
Two Story (Imhoff) Tank
185
A type of sedimentation tank that optimizes the settling process. Sludge is removed from the tank for processing in other downstream treatment units
Plain Settling Tanks (Clarifiers)
186
In this type of tank wastewater is introduced either in the center or around the periphery, center feed type and is more commonly used
Circular Tanks
187
It is a type of clarifier where the solids settle to the bottom of a clarifier and is usually scraped to one end
Rectangular Clarifier
188
The part of a circular clarifier that stops the flow to the center
Influent control gate
189
The part of a circular clarifier that transports wastewater to the clarifier
Influent channel
190
The part of a circular clarifier that receives the flow from the influent pipe, reduces flow velocities and distributes
Influent well
191
The part of a circular clarifier that ensures equal flow
Effluent weir
192
The part of a circular clarifier that collects the settled wastewater
Effluent trough
193
The part of a circular clarifier that skims or collects floating materials
Skum Skimmer Arm
194
The part of a circular clarifier that allows the collected scum to flow from the skimmer box to a scum tank or a pump
Scum pipe
195
The part of a circular clarifier that causes the collector to rotate
Drive Unit
196
The part of a circular clarifier that transmit power to drive unit to the sludge collector pit or sump
Sludge collector mechanism
197
The part of a circular clarifier that scrapes sludge from bottom clarifier to sump
Blades and Scraper Squeegees
198
The part of a circular clarifier that collects the sludge before the withdrawal
Sump
199
The part of a circular clarifier that removes the sludge from the clarifier and usually connected to a sludge pump
Sludge withdrawal pipe
200
Factors affecting the settling of solids
Time, volume, flowrate and types of solids and characteristics of wastewater
201
A type of settling phenomena in wastewater where the particles settle without the interaction and occurs under low solids concentration
Discrete
202
A type of settling phenomena in wastewater where particles literally settle independently but causes the solid to change in form in the depth of the clarification unit
Flocculant
203
A type of settling phenomena in wastewater where forces are sufficient to hinder settling of neighboring particles
Hindered or zone
204
A type of settling phenomena in wastewater where the particle concentration is so high
Compression
205
It is a natural force that has natural repelling force that holds particles in suspension
Zeta Potential
206
It is a natural force that has a natural attracting forces that we want to enhance
Van der Waals
207
It is defined as Flow rate over Surface Area
Surface loading Rate
208
It is the amount of water leaving the settling tank per linear foot of water; Flowrate over Weir Length
Weir overflow rate
209
It is the period of time that a water or wastewater flow is retained in a basin, tank, or reservoir; Volume of Tank over Flow Rate
Detention Time
210
It is used to indicate the amount of solids that can be removed daily by a clarifier for each square foot of clarifier liquid surface area
Solids loading
211
Air bubbles are added or caused to form
Flotation
212
It is the injection of air while the liquid is under pressure of several atmospheres
Dissolved air flotation
213
It is where air bubbles are formed by introducing the gas phase directly into the liquid phase
Dispersed air flotation
214
It is the saturation with air at atmospheric pressure
Vacuum Air Flotation
215
A type of secondary treatment where activated sludge process is present
Suspended Growth Biological Treatment
216
A type of secondary treatment where trickling filter and rotating biological contactor is present
Attached Growth Biological Treatment
217
A type of reaction where the reactants are distributed uniformly throughout the fluid
Homogeneous Reaction
218
A type of reaction that occurs between one or more constituents that can be identified with specific sites
Heterogeneous Reaction
219
The principal type of reactor where the flow is neither entering nor leaving the reactor
Batch
220
The principal type of reactor where the fluid passes through the tank and are discharged in the same sequence in which they enter
Plug-flow or Tubular Flow
221
The principal type of reactor where the reactants are entering the reactor and the products are flowing out from the reactor are considered to be continuous
Continuous-flow stirred tank reactor
222
The principal type of reactor where any degree of partial mixing between plug flow and complete mix
Arbitrary flow reactor
223
The principal type of reactor where it is filled with inert packing media for the growth of biomass
Packed bed reactor
224
The principal type of reactor where it is filled with the packing material that expands and gets fluidized when the wastewater moves upward in the reactor
Fluidized bed reactor
225
It is a combination of attached growth and suspended growth
Fluidized bed biofilm reactor (FBBR)
226
A type of FBBR where biomass is grown inside polyester foam pads and pads can be periodically removed and biomass can be squeezed
Captor
227
A type of FBBR where sand particles are used as support medium and sand is allowed to overflow and is cleaned and then recycled
Oxitron
228
It is a treatment wherein to remove the soluble BOD that escapes primary treatment that utilizes microoraganisms to provide further removal of the suspended solids
Secondary Treatment
229
One of the two basic approaches to biological treatment wherein the organisms and wastewater are mixed together
Suspended growth reactors
230
One of the two basic approaches to biological treatment wherein the organisms are stuck to a support structure and the wastewater is passed over the organism
Attached growth Reactor
231
It is a biological treatment process which speeds up the waste decomposition
Activated sludge process
232
It is sludge that produced in wastewater in the growth of the aeration tanks
Activated sludge
233
They created the activated sludge process in May 3, 1914
Adern and Lockett
234
A process wherein the microorganisms derive energy from carbonaceous organic matter in aerated wastewater for the production of the new cells
Synthesis
235
It is the releasing of energy through the conversion of this organic matter into compounds that contain lower energy such as carbon dioxide and water
Respiration
236
Microorganism obtain energy by converting ammonia nitrogen to oxygen
Nitrification
237
A physical component of activated sludge where the biological reactions occur
Aeration Tanks
238
A physical component of activated sludge where it may be provided by pure oxygen, compressed air, or mechanical aeration that provides oxygen and mixing
Aeration Source
239
A physical component of activated sludge where the activated sludge solids separate from the surrounding wastewater by the process of flocculation and gravity sedimentation
Secondary Clarifier
240
A physical component of activated sludge where it must be collected from the secondary clarifiers and pumped back to the aeration tanks before the dissolved oxygen is depleted
Returned Activated Sludge System
241
A physical component of activated sludge where the activated sludge contains an overabundance of microorganisms which must be removed or wasted w/ the use of the pump
Waste Activated Sludge System
242
It is the mixture of activated sludge and the wastewater in the aeration tank
Mixed liquor
243
It is the concentration of suspended solids in activated sludge mixed liquor that can be driven off by combustion at 550 C which indicates the concentration of microorganism available for biological oxidation
Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids
244
It is also called soilds retention time where the average amount of time that microorganisms are kept in the system
Mean cell residence time
245
It is where the oxygen transfer efficiency is accomplished by mixing pressurized air and with water within a jet nozzle and then discharging the air-liquid into the tank
Jet Aeration
246
It is the aeration source where it is either surface or submerged
Mechanical Aerators
247
It is a type of mechanical aerator where oxygen is entrained from the atmosphere
Surface Aerators
248
It is a type of mechanical aerator where the oxygen is entrained both from the atmosphere and from air or pure oxygen introduced at the bottom of the tank
Submerged Aerator
249
It is an aeration source that is designed to produce fine, medium, or coarse bubbles
Diffusers
250
Sludge particles produced in wastewater by the growth organisms in aeration tanks
Activated Sludge
251
A condition where oxygen is present
Aerobic
252
Sludge that forms clouds in the secondary clarifiers when the sludge does not settle properly caused by filamentous bacteria
Bulking
253
Biological conversion of the carbonaceous organic matter in wastewater to cell tissue and various gaseous end products
Carbonaceous BOD Removal
254
Clumps to bacteria
Floc
255
Agitating wastewater to introduce the small, suspended particles to bunch together into heavier particles and settle out
Flocculation
256
A quantity of material added to the process at one time
Loading
257
Activated sludge mixed with raw wastewater
Mixed liquor
258
Pre-manufactured treatment facility small communities to treat wastewater
Package plant
259
The solids that settle out during the process
Sludge
260
To denote the organic matter or nutrients that are converted during biological treatment or that may be limiting in biological treatments
Substrate
261
The liquid that is removed from the settled sludge
Supernatant
262
Removing excess microorganisms from the system
Wasting
263
Microorganisms that must have oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. When wastewater contains oxygen and can support it
Obligate aerobes
264
Microorganisms that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen. They cannot use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor
Obligate Anaerobes
265
Can use oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor and under certain conditions, the can also grow in the absence of oxygen
Facultative Anaerobes
266
A group of facultative anaerobes called denitifiers utilizes nitrite, nitrates, as the terminal electron acceptor
Anoxic Microorganism
267
The process wherein nitrite nitrogen is converted to nitrogen gas in the absence of oxygen
Anoxic Denitrification
268
It releases energy via the conversion of organic matter into compounds
Heterotrophic
269
When in activated sludge it reduces oxidized carbon compounds such as carbon dioxide for cell growth. These bacteria obtain their energy by oxidizing ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in a two stage conversion process known as nitrification
Autotrophic bacteria
270
bacteria that convert ammonia (NH3) to Nitrogen Nitrite (NO2) Nitrogen
Nitrosomonas
271
Bacteria convert Nitrite Nitrogen to Nitrate Nitrogen
Nitrobacter
272
They are able to use light as energy source
Phototrophs
273
Chemical reactions as energy source
Chemotrophs
274
Obtain energy from the oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds
Chemoautotrophs
275
Obtain energy from the oxidation of organic compounds
Chemoheterotrophs
276
it refers to all the chemical reactions occurring within a cell
Metabolism
277
Any molecule that is a nutrient
Metabolite
278
A category of metabolic reactions that involves the breaking of binds and whenever chemical bonds are broken energy is released
Catabolism
279
A category of metabolic reactions that involve the creation of bond, it takes energy to make chemical bonds
Anabolism
280
A series of linked biochemical reactions that occur in a stepwise manner
Biochemical Pathways
281
Organism that generate energy by enzyme-mediated electron transport to an external electron acceptor
Respiratory metabolism
282
Internal electron acceptor is used and it is less efficient energy yielding process compared to respiration
Fermentive metabolism
283
The use of NO2 or NO3 for electron acceptors under anaerobic conditions
Anoxic
284
When they can use O2 or NO2/No3 as electron acceptor when O2 is not available
Facultative Aerobic
285
Organism that can generate energy by fermentation and can exist in either the presence or absence of molecular oxygen
Facultative Anaerobic
286
They can shift from fermentive to aerobic respiratory metabolism
True Facultative Anaerobes
287
They have a strictly fermentive metabolism and are relatively insensitive to the presence of molecular oxygen
Aerotolerant Anaerobes
288
organic catalysts produced by the living cell. They are proteins or protein combined with either inorganic or organic molecule
Enzymes
289
It is the conversion of substrate that can be transported into the cell
Extracellular Enzyme
290
It is involved in synthesis and energy reactions within the cell
Intracellular
291
It refers to amount of water entering the aeration tank.
Hydraulic Load
292
Its to maintain a sufficient concentration of activated sludge in the aeration tank
Return-sludge Requirement
293
30 minutes of settling of a liter sample of mixed liquor in a graduated cylinder
Settleability Testing
294
It is the accumulation of settled sludge in the clarifier
Sludge blanket
295
They are usually found in systems with long aeration periods
Rotifers and nematodes
296
The predominate in young sludges
Amoeboids
297
They are free swimmers and pre-dominate in liquid mixed liquors
Flagellates
298
They predominate as the Food:Microbe ratio decrease
Free-swimming Ciliates
299
They can cause the sludge not to settle properly
Filamentous Bacteria
300
Consists of an aeration tank, a secondary clarifier and a sludge recycle line
Conventional Plug-flow Activated Sludge
