Water, Acids, Bases and Buffering

Question 1

Does adipose tissue contain little water?

Answer 1

Yes; obese individuals have less body water

Question 2

What does water content depend on?

Answer 2

Age, gender, and fat distribution

Question 3

What is the constant of body water?

Answer 3

60% of our weight

Question 4

How much water is intracellular?

Answer 4

25L of 40L so about 60%

Question 5

How much water is extracellular?

Answer 5

15L

Question 6

How will water move?

Answer 6

From low to high; moves from diluted to more concentrated

Question 7

Of the extracellular fluid how much is between the cells and in the plasma

Answer 7

10L between the cells and 5L in blood plasma

Question 8

What is polarity?

Answer 8

A polar molecule is usually formed when the one end of the molecule is said to possess more number of positive charges and whereas the opposite end of the molecule has negative charges, creating an electrical pole; UNEQUAL SHARING

Question 9

What is electronegativity?

Answer 9

the power of an atom of an element to attract electrons toward itself when it is part of a compound

Question 10

What is a non-polar molecule?

Answer 10

A molecule which does not have the charges present at the end due to the reason that electrons are finely distributed and those which symmetrically cancel out each other are the non- polar molecules. In a solution, a polar molecule cannot be mixed with the non-polar molecule.

Question 11

C and H’s will always be

Answer 11

non polar

Question 12

Can water be dissolved?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 13

a weak noncovalent interaction between hydrogen of one molecule and more electronegative atom of an acceptor molecule

Question 14

Are hydrogen bonds additive?

Answer 14

Yes; they are weak but additive so they are strong overall

Question 15

What allows polar molecules to dissolve?

Answer 15

the polarity of water

Question 16

Why are hydrogen bonds weak and constantly breaking?

Answer 16

in order for solutes to move in solution and water can move through pores in cell membranes

Question 17

What are electrolyte anions?

Answer 17

Cl-, HCO3-, PO42-)

Question 18

What are electrolyte cations?

Answer 18

K+, Na+

Question 19

What is the ratio between potassium and sodium?

Answer 19

more potassium inside the cell and more sodium outside the cell

Question 20

What is osmolality?

Answer 20

concentration of all dissolved solutes in the blood (electrolytes, proteins etc)

Question 21

What may occur if water is not where it is supposed to be?

Answer 21

Edema may occur if water is where it is not supposed to be; alcohol abuse or damage to the liver the liver cells are not able to make that albumin, the fluid is now being pushed out but no push to bring it back in

Question 22

Arterial End=

Answer 22

more pressure

Question 23

Venous end=

Answer 23

very little

Question 24

What is pH?

Answer 24

the measure of acidity or alkanitity of a solution

Question 25

What is the pH of the blood?

Answer 25

7.35-7.45

Question 26

What is the pH of the cells?

Answer 26

approx 7.1 (between 6.9 and 7.4)

Question 27

A higher hydrogen concentration infers what?

Answer 27

lower pH (more acidic)

Question 28

A lower hydrogen concentration infers what?

Answer 28

higher pH (alkadosis)

Question 29

What is the ratio for pH and folds?

Answer 29

for every 1 pH unit there is a 10 fold difference; a pH difference from 7.3-7.0 is not significant

Question 30

When does pH get intense?

Answer 30

under 7.35= acidemia; past 6.8 means death (acidotic) Over 7.45= alkalemia; past 8 means death (alkalosis)

Question 31

What is an acid?

Answer 31

an acid is a substance that can release hydrogen ions; donates

Question 32

What is a base?

Answer 32

a substance that can accept hydrogen ions; accepts

Question 33

Do strong acids completely dissociate?

Answer 33

yes; dissociate completely into hydrogen ions

Question 34

Do weak acids completely dissociate?

Answer 34

only to a limited extent

Question 35

What do weak acids form??

Answer 35

an acid and conjugate base(buffer)

Question 36

What is a buffer?

Answer 36

a weak acid and conjugate base; its function is to mop up H's and add H's to correct any. imbalances

Question 37

What is the tendency to dissociate defined by?

Answer 37

Ka; tells us how strong the acid is and the tendency to dissociate; larger Ka= greater tendency to dissociate

Question 38

When does the buffer work best?

Answer 38

when pH=pKa, 50% of the acid is dissociated and 50% conjugate base pair

Question 39

What does a lower number of pKa mean?

Answer 39

stronger the acid

Question 40

What 2 organ systems maintain pH homeostasis?

Answer 40

Lungs and Kidneys

Question 41

What do the lungs do?

Answer 41

regulate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and respond quickly to pH changes

Question 42

What do the kidneys do?

Answer 42

maintain the concentration of bicarbonate in the blood; takes longers

Question 43

What helps if there is a respiratory cause of pH imbalance?

Answer 43

kidneys try to correct

Question 44

What helps if there is a metabolic cause of pH?

Answer 44

respiratory tries to correct