Water + Carbon cycle Natural System

Question 1

Input

Answer 1

When matter or energy is added to the system

Question 2

Outputs

Answer 2

When matter or or energy leaves the system

Question 3

Stores

Answer 3

When matter or energy builds up

Question 4

Flows or transfers

Answer 4

When matter or energy moves from one store to another

Question 5

Boundaries

Answer 5

The limits of the system

Question 6

Open system
(Example)

Answer 6

• Bothe energy and matter can enter and leave an open system- there are inputs and outputs of both
  -Example energy from the sun enters and leaves the system. Water is input as precipitation and output as river discharge into the sea

Question 7

Closed System
(Example)

Answer 7

-Matter cant enter or leave a closed systme- it can only cycle between stores
-Energy can enter and leave a closed system- it can be input or output
- Example: the carbon cycle is a closed system- energy is input (from the sun by photosynthesis) and output (by respiration), but the amount of carbon on Earth stays the same because there are no inputs or outputs of matter

Question 8

Postive Feedback

Answer 8

-Postive feedback mechanisms amplify the change in the inputs or outputs
-This means the system responds by increasing the effects of the change, moving the system even further from its previous state

Question 9

Negative Feedback

Answer 9

-Negative Feedback mechanisms counteract the change in the inputs or outputs
-This means that the system responds by decreasing the effect of the change, keeping the system closer to its previous state.

Question 10

Cryosphere

Answer 10

-The cryosphere includes all the parts of the Earth system where it’s cold enough for water to freeze, e.g. glacial landscape

Question 11

Lithosphere

Answer 11

-The lithosphere is the outermost part of the Earth. It includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle

Question 12

Biosphere

Answer 12

-The biosphere is the part of the Earth’s system where living things are found. It includes all the living parts of the Earth- plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria

Question 13

Hydrosphere

Answer 13

-The hydrosphere includes all of the water on Earth. It may be in liquid form (lakes and rivers), Solid form (ice stored in the cryosphere), Gas form (water vapour stored in the atmosphere), or it can also be saline (salty) or fresh

Question 14

Atmosphere

Answer 14

-The atmosphere is the layer of gas between the Earth’s surface and space, held in place by gravity