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Water Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

The Roman aqueduct system operated almost exclusively by ______

A

Gravity

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2
Q

When and where was the first water system established in the US?

A

1801 in Philadelphia

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3
Q

When did the Tucson Water Company begin operating and delivering the first piped water into town?

A

1881

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4
Q

Where did the phrase “Catch that plug” come from?

A

Wooden water mains that needed to be plugged up

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5
Q

What are the 2 sources of water that TFD uses for firefighting purposes?

A

Static and pressurized

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6
Q

What is a static source of water?

A

Any source of water that needs to be mechanically moved into a fire apparatus

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7
Q

What are 5 examples of static water sources?

A 
Lakes/ponds/rivers
Portable tanks
Cisterns
Swimming pools
Test pit
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8
Q

What is drafting?

A

The process of raising water from a static source to a pump

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9
Q

When are the only 2 times that TFD drafts water?

A

At the test pit during pump tests and in water tender shuttle operations

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10
Q

What are the 3 things that affect drafting?

A

Lift
Vacuum
Atmospheric Pressure

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11
Q

What is lift?

A

The difference between the level of water and the center of the pump

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12
Q

What is vacuum?

A

An enclosed space from which matter, especially air, has been partially removed

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13
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

The weight of a column of air at a given location on the surface of the earth

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14
Q

What is the average atmospheric pressure at sea level?

A

14.7 psi

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15
Q

What is the atmospheric pressure in Tucson?

A

13.9 psi

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16
Q

How does drafting work?

A

By decreasing the pressure in the pump and hose below atmospheric pressure, the water is forced into the hose

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17
Q

What is a pressurized water source?

A

Any water source that will flow freely into a fire apparatus

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18
Q

What are 3 examples of pressurized water sources?

A

Booster tanks
Water tenders
Hydrants

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19
Q

If a booster tank is less than 750 gallons, it must be able to gravity feed ___ gpm to the pump

A

250 gpm

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20
Q

If a booster tank is more than 750 gallons, it must be able to gravity feed ___ gpm to the pump

A

500 gpm

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21
Q

What do water tenders do?

A

Bring water to places where there are few or no hydrants available

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22
Q

How much water does WT20 carry?

A

2500 gallons

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23
Q

What is the purpose of a hydrant?

A

To provide adequate and reliable water supply for fighting fire

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24
Q

What are the 5 components of a water distribution system?

A

Supply source, treatment plant, reservoir, mains, hydrants

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25
How many active or standby wells are in the Tucson water system?
206
26
According to 2014 average, how many gallons of water per day come from wells within Tucson?
91 million
27
According to 2014 average, how much CAP water is blended with ground water per day?
57 million
28
CAP is also known as...
Clearwater
29
What does "CAP" stand for?
Central Arizona Project
30
Where does CAP water come from?
Colorado River
31
At well sites, what is water treated with?
Chlorine
32
Where is treatment monitored?
Reservoirs and other sites
33
Where are reservoirs filled from?
Well sites
34
How many total reservoirs are there?
57
35
How many reservoirs over a million gallons?
29
36
How many reservoirs under a million gallons?
28
37
Where does the pressure in the grid system come from?
Gravity from reservoirs at higher elevations and from pumping stations
38
What are the 3 advantages of the grid system?
Helps reduce dead end mains Loop or grid system will reduce friction loss by power of 4 Only once or two hydrants shut down if main is broken
39
What is friction loss?
The total pressure loss in the system while water is forced through pipes, fittings, valves, etc
40
What is the friction loss for a 6", 8", and 12" pipe for a 100' section flowing at 1000 gpm?
52psi 12. 8psi 1. 78psi
41
``` Within the grid system, what are the sizes of pipes... From reservoirs Of primary feeders Of secondary feeders Of distributors or laterals ```
16" to 56" 16" to 24" 12" to 16" 6" to 8"
42
What is the smallest diameter pipe that will feed a hydrant?
6"
43
If a hydrant is on a dead end main, what is the smallest diameter pipe that will feed it?
8"
44
What are the 3 items that can cause friction loss and reduce flow from mains?
Sedimentation Incrustation Tuberculation
45
What is sedimentation?
Dirt and other products that collect in the system
46
What is incrustation?
Mineral deposits inside pipes, fittings, valves, etc
47
What is tuberculation?
Actual breakdown of the pipe
48
Why must the city be broken down into zones?
To prevent too much pressure in the mains
49
The top of "A" mountain shares the same elevation as...
22nd and Wilmot
50
If a pipe was laid from Houghton Rd to the Santa Cruz River, what would the pressure be? What is the elevation change?
300psi | 600'-700' elevation change
51
How many zones are within the Tucson Water System?
19
52
What is the elevation change within the zones?
105'
53
What is the normal pressure range in the mains?
40-85psi
54
How much does head pressure increase for each foot of elevation loss?
.434 psi
55
Since the elevation changes 105' in a zone, and there is .434 psi increase per foot of elevation loss, what will the pressure increase be from one end of a zone to another?
45.6
56
All zones are connected and separated by...
Valves
57
Valves are _____ monitored and controlled
Computer
58
A valve's simple function is to...
Control the flow of water
59
What are the 2 classifications of valves?
Indicating and Non-Indicating
60
What are the 3 indicating valves?
OS&Y, PIV, and ball valve
61
What are the 2 non-indicating valves?
Gate and Butterfly
62
What does "Indicating Valve" mean?
That you can tell what position they are in just by looking at them
63
What does OS&Y mean?
Outside stem and yoke
64
What does PIV mean?
Post indicator valve
65
What does PIVA mean?
Post indicator valve assembly
66
What does WPIV mean?
Wall post indicator valve
67
With a hydrant, what does "static pressure" mean?
Pressure in the hydrant when it is closed and the water is at rest
68
With a hydrant, what does "normal operating pressure" mean?
Pressure found in a water distribution system during periods of normal consumption demand
69
With a hydrant, what does "residual pressure" mean?
Pressure left in the system when the hydrant is flowing
70
With a hydrant, what does "flow pressure" mean?
Pressure of water in motion
71
What association sets hydrant standards?
American Water Works Association (AWWA)
72
What is the working pressure of a hydrant?
150 psi
73
What pressure are hydrants factory tested at?
300 psi
74
How many hydrants are in the Tucson Water system?
20,867
75
how many hydrants are in the Tucson city limits?
14,324
76
What are the 2 classifications of hydrants?
Dry barrel and wet barrel
77
What are the 4 types of hydrant mechanisms?
Compression Knuckle Joint or Cory Slide gate Wet (usually compression valve)
78
What are the components of a dry barrel hydrant? | 6
Foot piece, barrel, bonnet, operating system, main valve, and drain
79
Where does a hydrant compression valve seat against?
The base of the hydrant
80
The hydrant compression valve moves independently on the ______ axis
Vertical
81
Hydrant compression valves close ____ pressure and open ____ pressure
With | Against
82
What are the 2 hydrant compression valve brands?
Dresser and Mueller
83
What type of valve is a "knuckle and cory" type valve?
Scissor type valve
84
What is the brand of a "knuckle and cory" type vale?
Pacific state and Iowa
85
With a slide gate valve, the gate moves ____ on the stem.
Vertically
86
How many slide gate style hydrants does TFD have?
0
87
Where is a wet barrel hydrant pressurized at?
Each of the outlets
88
Wet barrel hydrants usually have what style of valve?
Compression
89
What is a disadvantage of a wet barrel hydrant?
The water inside can freeze in freezing temperatures
90
What is an advantage of a wet barrel hydrant?
Each outlet can be opened and closed independently
91
How would you know if a hydrant was "high pressure"?
There will be reflective yellow bands around the barrel
92
What is the static and residual pressure for a "high pressure" hydrant?
200 psi or greater | 95 psi or greater
93
What kind of hose can you use on a "high pressure" hydrant?
2.5" only. Do NOT use 5"
94
On a hydrant, what doe the colors green/no, orange, and red mean?
1000gpm or greater 500-999 gpm Less than 500 gpm
95
Tucson Water is now painting all hydrants what color?
Silver
96
What is the hydrant GPM flow formula?
29.7xD(D)xsquare root of flow pressurex co-efficient
97
What does the "D" on the hydrant gpm flow formula?
Discharge diameter
98
You must open and close hydrants slowly so you don't cause a ____ ____
Water hammer
99
Is it ok to kick a hydrant wrench to open or close a hydrant?
NO
100
What must you do before removing hydrant caps?
Make sure the hydrant is closed
101
What is the residential hydrant spacing?
800' on 6" main
102
What is the multiple housing hydrant spacing?
500' on 8" main
103
What is the industrial hydrant spacing?
300' on 12" main
104
Fire code says that there must be __ feet of clearance around a hydrant
3
105
Fire code says that a hydrant must be __ -__ feet from the curb
2-7
106
Fire code says that the steamer outlet must be __ inches from the ground
16 inches
107
What is placed in the street to indicate a fire hydrant?
Blue markers
108
How often are the hydrants in Tucson tested and maintained?
Every 4 years
109
What is the "out of service" procedure?
Hydrant ring, notify fire alarm, email water department, CAD hydrant OOS information displayed

TFD BC (26 decks)

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