WATER, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID-BASE BALANCE Flashcards
(12 cards)
- ## What is meant by the following terms: milliequivalent, diuretic, buffer?milliequivalent
milliequivalent -
one thousandth (10−3) of a chemical equivalent (see equivalent weight). Concentrations of electrolytes are often expressed as milliequivalents per liter, which is an expression of the chemical combining power of the electrolyte in a fluid.
ICF IS?
There are two main fluid compartments water occupies in the body. About two-thirds is in the intracellular fluid compartment (ICF). The intracellular fluid is the fluid within the cells of the body.
- What are the major ions in the ICF and ECF?
A
- What are the basic concepts of regulation of the concentration of electrolytes in the body?
A
- What are the common disturbances of water balance and how do they develop?
A
- For each of the following electrolytes, identify (a) the role of the electrolyte in the body (b) how is the electrolyte tested? (c) what do higher than normal results mean? (d) what do lower than normal results mean?
- ionized calcium
- serum calcium
- serum chloride
- serum magnesium
- serum phosphorous
- serum potassium
- serum sodium
A
- What is metabolic acidosis? How does it arise? What are the body’s compensatory mechanisms?
A
- What is respiratory acidosis? How does it arise? What are the body’s compensatory mechanisms?
A
- What is metabolic alkalosis? How does it arise? What are the body’s compensatory mechanisms?
A
- What is respiratory alkalosis? How does it arise? What are the body’s compensatory mechanisms?
A
- ## What is meant by the following terms: milliequivalent, diuretic, buffer?diuretic
diuretic -
Diuretics are drugs that increase the volume of urine produced by promoting the excretion of salt and water from the kidneys. There are several types of diuretics, each working in a distinct way.
Loop diuretics prevent re-absorption of sodium and chloride ions in the Loop of Henle. Thiazide diuretics inhibit sodium re-absorption at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubules. Potassium sparing diuretics prevent excessive loss of potassium at the distal convoluted tubules.
Diuretics are used to reduce the edema caused due to salt and water retention in disorders of the heart, kidneys, liver or lungs. They are used commonly in treatment of hypertension.
Please refer to the drug classes listed below for further information.
- What is meant by the following terms: milliequivalent, diuretic, buffer?
Buffer
Buffer -
a solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it. Buffers typically involve a weak acid or alkali together with one of its salts.
