WATER H2O

Question 1

name at least two reason why water is essential for life in humans

Answer 1

• effective solvent (e.g. transport nutrients to cells, remove waste products, transport of hormones)
• redistribution of heat and reduction of body temperature (evaporation - sweat)
• excellent lubricant (around joint spaces, tendons and muscles)
• medium essential for biochemical reactions

Question 2

what % of total body mass is made up of water?

Answer 2

50% - 70%

Question 3

explain why leaner individuals have a greater percentage of body mass made up of water

Answer 3

Cuz fat inside fat storage cells does not contain any water

Question 4

what is dehydration?

Answer 4

dynamic process of losing body water

Question 5

what is euhydration?

Answer 5

normal body water content

Question 6

what is hyperhydration?

Answer 6

state of excess body water content

Question 7

what is hypohydration?

Answer 7

state of insufficient/suboptimal body water content

Question 8

what are the two main compartments present in fluids

Answer 8

Intracellular fluid (ICF) - inside cells - 2/3 of body fluid

Extracellular fluid (ECF) - outside cells - 1/3 of body fluid

Question 9

What is the turnover of body water per day? (how much water should u drink per day)

Answer 9

2.5litres

Question 10

Water loss occurs via four main routes. Name them

Answer 10

Sweating
breathing
urine
faeces

Question 11

Long ass question
How do the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and the kidneys work to regulate water and electrolyte balance.

Answer 11

Hormone called ADH - antidiuretic hormone acts on the kidneys to regulate water balance in the body.

When the body is dehydrated or has high level of electrolytes, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to release more ADH

• this causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water, produce less urine and help maintain the body’s electrolyte balance

Question 12

when water balance is threated and there is a net loss of body water. This change is detected by the hypothalamus. How does the hypothalamus respond?

Answer 12

activates the sensation of thirst

tells the pituitary gland to secrete ADH

Question 13

define hypertonicity and hypotonicity

Answer 13

hypertonicity - high electrolyte concentration

hypotonicity - low electrolyte concentration

Question 14

what is osmosis?

Answer 14

movement of water from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration

Question 15

name so ways of monitoring hydration status in athletes

Answer 15

changes in body mass

urine analysis

Question 16

why the athletes need more fluid

Answer 16

you exercise -> you sweat more -> you lose more water -> you gotta fix ur water balance -> you drink more water

oonga boonga explonation

Question 17

why is water balance important for athletes?

Answer 17

they sweat a lot -> they lose a lot of water -> dehydration

exercise when dehydrated?? heat stroke, boom you dead

also shit performance

dehydration BAD

Question 18

what are some factors that can affect the amount of sweat produced during exercise?

Answer 18

temperature
humidity
air velocity
body size
metabolic rate

Question 19

what is hyponatremia?

Answer 19

condition in which the concentration of sodium in body fluid is too low

sodium concentration below the normal range.

drinking too much water with no sodium innit? = BAD

Question 20

what is the normal range of sodium concentration

Answer 20

135-145mmol

Question 21

what is hypernatremia

Answer 21

condition in which the concentration of sodium in body fluid is too high

Question 22

is the sensation of thirst a reliable indicator?

Answer 22

Meh indicator

cuz if u feeling thirsty u prob already dehydrated

fix? drink regularly idk

Question 23

What is the other name for ADH?

Answer 23

Vasopressin

Question 24

What are electrolytes (definition)

Answer 24

Substances that conduct electricity through the movement of ion