Yo Tmrw Test Flashcards
(27 cards)
Name functions of the skeleton
- protect vital organs
- support and maintain posture
- provide attachment points for muscles
- store and release minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus
- haemopoiesis (production of red bloods cells, white blood cells and platelets in bone marrow)
- store energy (lipids are stored in yellow bone marrow)
State how many bones in the body
206
State the two components that the skeleton is divided into
Axial component and appendicular component
How many bones are in the axial component of the skeleton + name some of them
80bones
- skull
- ribs
- sternum
- vertebral column
How many bones are in the appendicular component of the skeleton + name some of them
126bones
- pectoral girdle
- pelvic girdle
- bones of the arm and legs
state the main function of the axial and appendicular component of the skeleton
axial - protection
appendicular - movement
the ROM (range of motion) are any particular joint depends on 4 factors.
Name them
- the shape of the surfaces of the articulating bones in the joints
- the position and length of the restraining ligaments
- the effect of the muscles and tendons on the joint
- the amount of soft tissue (skin, fat, muscle) at the joint
what are joints?
where two or more bones come into contact with each other
joint movement is linked to join stability. Generally, the more movement a joint has, the less stability it has and the greater the risk of injury.
State the factors that affect stability around the joints
- the shape of the bones and whether they interlock with each other or not
- the area over which the bones are in contact
- the flexibility of the ligaments
- the influence of other soft tissue structures (such as muscles, tendons or joint capsules)
what are ligaments
strong, flexible tissues that connect bone to bone
what is cartilage
a dense network of collagen fibers and elastic fibers
what is fascia
a type of connective tissue that is located in between and surrounding other tissues of the body as muscles and bones.
what are tendons
when layers of fascia continue on beyond the muscle fibers, they form tendons
tough, flexible bands of fibrous connective tissue connecting muscle to bone
state all the types of joints in the order of how much movement is allowed at the joint (starting with the least movement allowed)
- fibrous joints (no movement allowed)
- cartilaginous joints (limited movement allowed)
- synovial joints (most movement allowed)
name all types of synovial joints
- gliding joint
- hinge joint
- pivot joint
- condyloid joint
- saddle joint
- ball and socket joint
how many muscles are in the human body
over 600
state the types of muscles and their function
skeletal muscle - voluntary, moves the skeleton
cardiac muscle - involuntary, the heart
smooth muscle - involuntary, lines the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs (intestines, stomach)
what is the all-or-none principle
when the motor unit is innervated by the motor neuron all of its muscle fibers contract at once. All of the muscle fibers attached to one motor neuron are either relaxed or contracted.
what are the different types of motor unit and how do they differ
Type I motor unit - (slow twitch) slow nerve transmission speeds and small muscle forces but they can maintain contractions for a long time. Fatigue resistant
Type IIa motor units - (fast twitch) fast neural transmission times and stronger contraction forces and are also resistant to fatigue
Type IIx - (fast twitch) fastest neural contraction times and largest forces but fatigue at a high rate and cannot maintain contractions for a long period of time
explain reciprocal inhibition
when an agonist contracts to move a body segment, it is usually for the antagonist to relax
define insertion
the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches to the bone being pulled
define origin
the end of the muscle attached to a fixed bone
define agonist
a muscle whose contraction is responsible for producing movement
define antagonist
a muscle that opposes the action of an agonist
