Water, Major minerals, and trace minerals

Question 1

fluids in a cell

Answer 1

intracellular fluids

Question 2

fluids outside of cells

Answer 2

extracellular fluids

Question 3

extra cellular fluids that surround each cell

Answer 3

interstitial fluids

Question 4

extracellular fluids in blood vessels

Answer 4

intravascular fluids

Question 5

thirst is sensed by…

Answer 5

mouth, hypothalamus, nerves

Question 6

when too much water is lost from the body and not replaced

Answer 6

dehydration

Question 7

too much water that dilute solute concentration in the blood

Answer 7

hyponatremia

Question 8

help maintain healthy kidneys and prevent kidney stones from forming

Answer 8

adequate intake of fluids

Question 9

water that has high concentration of calcium and magnesium

Answer 9

hard water

Question 10

water that has high concentration of sodium and potassium

Answer 10

soft water

Question 11

instructions on whether to release or retain substances or water come from

Answer 11

ADH, renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone

Question 12

blood volume or blood pressure is too low or the extra cellular fluid is too concentrated. the pituitary gland releases this hormone that that makes the kidneys reabsorb water

Answer 12

antiduretic hormone (ADH)

Question 13

cells release this enzyme which causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium

Answer 13

renin

Question 14

protein in the liver, hydrolized by renin, that help in raising blood pressure by vasoconstriction

Answer 14

angiotensin

Question 15

hormone from adrenal gland that signals the kidneys to excrete potassium and retain sodium

Answer 15

aldosterone

Question 16

sodium cation

Answer 16

intra=10

extra=142

Question 17

potassium

Answer 17

intrta=150

extra=5

Question 18

calcium

Answer 18

intra=2

extra=5

Question 19

magnesium

Answer 19

intra=202

extra=155

Question 20

chloride

Answer 20

intra=2

extra=103

Question 21

phosphate

Answer 21

intra=103

extra=2

Question 22

sulfate

Answer 22

imtra=20

extra=1

Question 23

proteins

Answer 23

intra=57

extra=16

Question 24

the amount of pressure needed to prevent water from crossing a membrane

Answer 24

osmotic pressure

Question 25

what can cause electrolyte imbalance in body?

Answer 25

- prolonged vomiting and diarrhea - excessive sweating - burns - traumatic wounds

Question 26

what is lost during vomitting and diarrhea and heavy sweating

Answer 26

sodium

Question 27

what is lost durirng adrenal glands over secrete aldosterone ( tumor)

Answer 27

potassium

Question 28

what is lost during uncontrolled diabetes

Answer 28

glucose

Question 29

systems that help the fluctuation of PH

Answer 29

- buffers - respiration - excretion in kidneys

Question 30

serve as buffers

Answer 30

- bicarbonate | - carbonic acid

Question 31

in respiration, hyperventilation suggests? | hypoventilation suggests?

Answer 31

- buildup of carbonic acid | - build up of bicarbonates

Question 32

captures iron from food when the body needs it

Answer 32

ferritin

Question 33

two forms of iron

Answer 33

hemeiron | nonhemeiron

Question 34

transport protein that delivers iron to bone marrow

Answer 34

tranferrin

Question 35

protein where iron is stored in either liver or bone marow

Answer 35

ferritin | hemosiderin

Question 36

hormone produced by liver that manages iron balance

Answer 36

hepcidin

Question 37

stages of iron deficiency

Answer 37

1. ) iron stores deminish 2. )decrease in transport protein, transferrin 3. )lack of iron limits hemoglobin production