Water-Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

Are seldom added to ruminants’ diet unless they have been severely “off-fed” which results in massive death of rumen microorganisms

Answer 1

B vitamins

Question 2

Considered to be the oldest vitamin

Answer 2

Vit B1 (thiamine)

Question 3

Deficiency of this vitamin causes beri-beri in man which is the earliest deficiency disorder

Answer 3

Vit B1 (thiamine)

Question 4

This vitamin has important mechanism of action in the nervous tissue

Answer 4

Vit B1 (thiamine)

Question 5

DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS IN VIT B1 (THIAMINE)

Answer 5

Polyneuritis (head retraction in chicken)
Cardiovascular disturbanes
Anorexia (lack of desire to eat)
Emaciation (insufficient energy utilization
Polioencephalomacia in ruminants

Question 6

SOURCES OF VIT B1 (THIAMINE)

Answer 6

Cereals and middlings
Oilseed meals
Dairy products
Brewer’s yeast

Question 7

Hypervitaminosis in Vit B1 (thiamine)

Answer 7

Relatively non toxic

Question 8

VIT B1 (THIAMINE) ANTAGONISTS

Answer 8

Thiaminases (rumen microbes; fresh fish)
Amprolium (coccidiostat)

Question 9

Deficiency symptoms
- Ectodermal lesions
- Dermatitis & hair loss
- Curled toe paralysis in birds
- Neurological disorders

Answer 9

Vit B2 (Riboflavin)

Question 10

Hypervitaminosis in Vit B2 (riboflavin)

Answer 10

Non toxic

Question 11

Functions as coenzyme, FMN (Flavin Mononucleotide) and FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide)

Answer 11

Vit B2 (riboflavin)

Question 12

Functions as dehydrogenase (hydrogen acceptance)— oxidation and reduction processes for producing and breaking down fatty acids and amino acids

Answer 12

Vit B2 (riboflavin)

Question 13

SOURCES OF VITAMIN B2 (RIBOFLAVIN)

Answer 13

Dairy products
Brewer’s yeast
Feedstuffs of plant origin

Question 14

Functions as constituent of NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) and NADP (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate) which acts as a hydrogen-transferring co-enzymes and participate in vital metabolic reactions; key functions in energy metabolism

Answer 14

Vit B3 (niacin/nicotinamide/niacinamide)

Question 15

Deficiency symptoms:
Reduced growth
Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea
Irritability
Black tongue
Increase peristalsis in gastrointestinal tract

Answer 15

Vit B3

Question 16

Hypervitaminosis in Vit B3 (niacin/nicotinamide/niacinamide)

Answer 16

Vasodilation with itching and burning of skin
Fatty liver

Question 17

SOURCES OF VIT B3 (niacin/niacinamide/nicotinamide)

Answer 17

Brewer’s yeast
Bran
Green forage

Question 18

Functions as constituent of co-enzyme A in synthesis and degradation processes in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats

Answer 18

Vit B5 (pantothenic acid)

Question 19

Involved in the production of acetylcholine for the function of neural cells; pigmentation of hair

Answer 19

Vit B5 (pantothenic acid)

Question 20

Hypervitaminosis in Vit B5 (pantothenic acid)

Answer 20

Relatively non-toxic

Question 21

SOURCES OF VIT B5 (pantothenic acid)

Answer 21

Dairy products
Fish solubles
Brewer’s yeast
Middlings
Green meals
Oilseed meals

Question 22

Functions in amino acid decarboxylation, transamination, and removal of sulfhydryl groups

Answer 22

Vit B6 (pyrodoxine)

Question 23

Participates in carbohydrate metabolism by participating in phosphorylation

Answer 23

Vit B6 (pyridoxine)

Question 24

Deficiency symptoms:
Convulsions
Neuritis
Hyperirritability
Hypochronic - Microcytic anemia
Reduced growth

Answer 24

Pyridoxine (B6)

Question 25

Hypervitaminosis in Vit B6 (Pyridoxine)

Answer 25

Convulsions & Death

Question 26

Functions: prosthetic group of carboxylase enzymes in fatty acid synthesis gluconeogenesis propionic acid metabolism synthesis of DNA & RNA and decomposition of leucine

Answer 26

Vit B7 (Biotin)

Question 27

Deficiency includes: retarded growth and fertility disorders; dermatitis and loss of hair; brittle horns and grooves and cracks in hooves in cattle, sheep, and horses

Answer 27

B7 (Biotin)

Question 28

Deficiency: retarded growth and fertility disorders dermatitis and loss of hair brittle horns and grooves and cracks in hooves in cattle, sheep, and horses

Answer 28

B7 (Biotin)

Question 29

Sources of Biotin (B7)

Answer 29

Brewer’s yeast Extracted oil seed meals

Question 30

Biologically active form of Folic acid / Folates (B9)

Answer 30

Tetrahydrofolic acid

Question 31

Functions in the transfer of C1 units, which are important for cell growth, cell division, and cell differentiation in the metabolism of proteins and of DNA and RNA

Answer 31

Folic acid / Folates (B9)

Question 32

In converts homocysteine into methionine

Answer 32

Folic acid / Folates (B9)

Question 33

Deficiency symptoms: macrocytic anemia and leukopenia cervical paralysis in turkey fertility problems poor growth bad plumage and depigmentation perosis

Answer 33

Folic acid / Folates (B9)

Question 34

Hypervitaminosis in Folic acid / Folates (B9)

Answer 34

Relatively non-toxic

Question 35

Sources of Folic acid / Folates (B9)

Answer 35

Brewer’s yeast Leaf meals

Question 36

Functions: production of phospholipids and lipoproteins transport metabolism of fats production of electrical signals in nerve cells constituent of most cell types methyl donor in metabolism

Answer 36

Choline

Question 37

Deficiency symptoms: fatty liver degeneration poor reproduction lactation

Answer 37

Choline

Question 38

Hypervitaminosis in Choline

Answer 38

Diarrhea

Question 39

Sources of Choline

Answer 39

Protein-based feeds of animal origin, yeast and some extracted oilseed meals

Question 40

Function: labile methyl group metabolism isomerization reactions production of blood cells and growth

Answer 40

Cobalamine

Question 41

Deficiency symptoms: macrocytic anemia with megaloblastic marrow neurological disturbances hatching problems in chicks reduced synthesis of DNA and growth disorders lower feed conversion rough coat and inflammation of the skin

Answer 41

Cobalamine

Question 42

Hypervitaminosis in Cobalamine

Answer 42

Relatively non-toxic

Question 43

Sources of Cobalamine (B12)

Answer 43

Found only in feed of animal origin

Question 44

Functions: removal of radicals and lipid peroxyl compounds in the cell metabolism in cooperation with other antioxidative vitamins such as vitamin E and betta carotene collagen formation regulation of calcium metabolism by activating vitamin D3 metabolites

Answer 44

Ascorbic acid (C)

Question 45

Functions in the improvement of fertility-linked properties such as sperm quality, follicle maturation, and progesterone synthesis

Answer 45

Ascorbic acid (C)

Question 46

Functions: improvement of resorption of iron reduction of the toxic effect of lead, cadmium, and nickel increases antibody production

Answer 46

Ascorbic acid (C)

Question 47

Deficiency symptoms: susceptibility to infections and parasites retarded growth bone diseases scurvy slow wound healing spongy gums swollen joints hemorrhaging and anemia

Answer 47

Ascorbic acid (C)

Question 48

Deficiency symptoms: reduced egg shell quality increased susceptibility to stress factors such as heat, transport, housing changes decreased fertility in both males and females

Answer 48

Ascorbic acid (C)

Question 49

Hypervitaminosis in Ascorbic acid

Answer 49

Relatively non-toxic

Question 50

Feedstuffs rich in vitamin C

Answer 50

Green forage Potatoes

Question 51

Is a constituent of the folic acid molecule

Answer 51

p-Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA)

Question 52

[vitamin-like substances] Is a growth promoter, found in great number off feeds

Answer 52

p-Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA)

Question 53

Acts as a methyl group donor in metabolism and together with choline and methionine is a lipotropic factor (protection against fatty liver)

Answer 53

Betaine

Question 54

It has a lipotropic effect in preventing fatty liver; livestock are capable of producing sufficient quantities and use it for the synthesis of phospholipids and lipoproteins

Answer 54

Inositol

Question 55

These fatty acids play an important role as constituents of membrane lipids and as prostaglandin precursors

Answer 55

Essential fatty acids

Question 56

A carrier in fat metabolism to transport active fatty acids into the mitochondria for energy metabolism, and as a storage site for activated acetyl radicals

Answer 56

Carnitine

Question 57

Such function is of great importance when the muscles work extremely hard, in ketonic situations, and during periods of hunger

Answer 57

Carnitine

Question 58

Is mainly linked to cholic acid

Answer 58

Taurine

Question 59

It play an important role in the development of the central nervous system

Answer 59

Taurine

Question 60

Has anti-thiamine property; used for coccidiosis

Answer 60

Amprolium

Question 61

What vitamin contains amprolium

Answer 61

Vit B1 (thiamine)