Water-soluble vitamins

Question 1

Aids in tissue building and metabolic reactions (wound and fracture healing, collagen formation, adrenaline production, iron absorption, conversion of folic acid, cellular adhesion)

Answer 1

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Question 2

Sources of vitamin C

Answer 2

Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons)
Tomatoes
Peppers
Green leafy vegetables
Strawberries

Question 3

_______ and _______ increase the need for Vitamin C

Answer 3

Stress, illness

Question 4

Severe deficiency of vitamin C causes

Answer 4

Scurvy
Hemorrhagic disease with diffuse tissue bleeding
Painful limbs/joints
Weak bones
Swollen gums/loose teeth

Question 5

Necessary for proper digestion, peristalsis, and providing energy to the smooth muscles, glands, the CNS, and blood vessels

Answer 5

Thiamin (B1)

Question 6

Deficiency of thiamin (B1) results in

Answer 6

Beriberi
GI symptoms
CV problems

Question 7

Food sources of thiamin (B1)

Answer 7

Widespread in almost all plant and animal tissues
Meats
Grains
Legumes

Question 8

Required for growth and tissue healing

Answer 8

Riboflavin (B2)

Question 9

Deficiency in Riboflavin (B2) results in

Answer 9

Cheilosis
Smooth/swollen red tongue
Dermatitis particularly in skin folds

Question 10

Dietary sources of Riboflavin (B2)

Answer 10

Milk
Meats
Green leafy vegetables

Question 11

Aids in metabolism of fats, glucose, and alcohol

Answer 11

Niacin (B3)

Question 12

Deficiency in Niacin (B3) results in

Answer 12

Pellagra (sun-sensitive skin lesions, GI and neurologic symptoms)

Question 13

Dietary sources of Niacin (B3)

Answer 13

Beef liver
Nuts
Legumes
Whole grain and enriched breads and cereals

Question 14

Involved in biologic reactions (energy production, catabolism, and synthesis of fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, steroid hormones, and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine)

Answer 14

Pantothenic acid (B5)

Question 15

Deficiency in Pantothenic acid (B5) (although unlikely) results in

Answer 15

Anemia

CNS changes

Question 16

Rich dietary sources of pantothenic acid (B5)

Answer 16

Organ meets (liver, kidney)
Egg yolk
Avocados
Cashew nuts and peanuts
Brown rice
Soy
Lentils
Broccoli 
Milk

Question 17

Needed for cellular function and synthesis of hemoglobin, neurotransmitters, and niacin

Answer 17

Pyridoxine (B6)

Question 18

Deficiency in pyridoxine (B6) results in

Answer 18

Anemia

CNS disturbances

Question 19

High intake of pyridoxine (B6) results in

Answer 19

sensory neuropathy

Question 20

Food sources for pyridoxine (B6)

Answer 20

Organ meats

Grains

Question 21

Serves as coenzyme used in fatty acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and the formation of glucose

Answer 21

Biotin

Question 22

Deficiency in biotin is rare, but results in

Answer 22

Neurological symptoms (depression, fatigue)
Rashes, especially face ("biotin deficient face")

Question 23

Food sources of biotin

Answer 23

Eggs
Milk
Dark green vegetables

Question 24

Required for hemoglobin and amino acid synthesis, cellular reproduction, and prevention of neural tube defects in utero

Answer 24

Folate

Question 25

Deficiency of folate can result in

Answer 25

Megaloblastic anemia CNS disturbances Fetal neural tube defects (spina bifida and anencephaly)

Question 26

Food sources of folate

Answer 26

``` Liver Dark green leafy vegetables citrus fruits Whole-grain products Legumes ```

Question 27

Necessary for the production of red blood cells

Answer 27

Cobalamin (B12)

Question 28

Deficiency in cobalamin (B12) results in

Answer 28

Pernicious anemia (seen mostly in strict vegetarians and those with the absence of intrinsic factor needed for absorption of B12

Question 29

Dietary sources of cobalamin (B12)

Answer 29

Found solely in foods of animal origin Beef liver Shellfish Fortified grains