Lipids

Question 1

Chemical group of fats that are available from many sources

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

Sources of lipids

Answer 2

Dark meat
Poultry skin
Dairy foods
Added oils (margarine, butter, shortening, oils, lard)

Question 3

Serves as a concentrated form of energy for the body (second to carbohydrates) and supplies important tissue needs (hormone production, structural material for cell walls, protective padding for vital organs, insulation to maintain body temperature, covering for nerve fibers, aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins)

Answer 3

Fat

Question 4

Chemical name for fats
Primary form of fat in food
Combine with glycerol to supply energy to the body, allow fat-soluble vitamin transport, and form adipose tissue that protects the body

Answer 4

Triglycerides

Question 5

Derived from triglycerides

Important to cell membrane structure

Answer 5

Phospholipids

Question 6

Belongs to chemical substance group called sterols
Necessary for cell membrane stability and the production of certain hormones and bile salts for digestion
If consumed in excess, it can build up in the tissues causing congestion and increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease

Answer 6

Cholesterol

Question 7

Animal origin

Answer 7

Saturated fats

Question 8

Usually from plant sources and help reduce health risks (notable exceptions are coconut and palm oil)

Answer 8

Unsaturated fats

Question 9

Made from broken down fats
Must be supplied by diet
Including omega-3 and omega-6, these are used to support blood clotting, blood pressure, inflammatory responses, and many other metabolic processes

Answer 9

Essential fatty acids

Question 10

Important essential fatty acid that is found primarily in polynsaturated vegetable oils

Answer 10

Linoleic acid

Question 11

How many calories should come from fat?

Answer 11

20% - 35% of total calories should come from fat (10% or less from saturated fat sources)

Question 12

A diet high in fat is linked to

Answer 12

Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes

Question 13

Children under 2 years of age need higher amounts of fat why?

Answer 13

To from brain tissue

Question 14

A diet less than 10% fat cannot supply adequate amounts of essential fatty acids and results in ___________ ________

Answer 14

Cachetic wasting

Question 15

Where does the majority of lipid metabolism occur?

Answer 15

Small intestine, where the gallbladder secretes concentrated bile and acts as emulsifier to break down fat into smaller particles

Question 16

What does the pancreas secrete to break down fat?

Answer 16

Pancreatic lipase

Question 17

Carry triglycerides to the tissues

Answer 17

Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)

Question 18

Carry cholesterol to the tissues

Answer 18

Low density lipoproteins (LDL)

Question 19

Remove excess cholesterol from the tissues; considered “good” cholesterol

Answer 19

High density lipoproteins (HDL)

Question 20

Lipids provide __________ of energy and are the densest form of stored energy

Answer 20

9 cal/g