The ___________ is located in the cochlea of the inner ear.
organ of corti
Axons arising from the ____________ nuclei project to the cerebellar cortex by passing through the right middle cerebellar peduncle.
left pontine
The _______________ region of the cerebellum modulates motor movements of the trunk.
midline
The __________ incisors are typically innervated by the anterior superior alveolar nerves.
upper
The ____________ typically drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity.
sphenoid sinus
The ___________ nerve innervates all the muscles of the palate except for the tensor palatini.
vagus
The utricle is the most important end organ for our sense of ____________ acceleration.
linear horizontal
The optic nerve contains the axons of the ganglion cells of the __________.
retina
The ___________ muscle attaches in part to the stapes (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve.
stapedius
The thyrohyoid (geniohyoid) muscle functions to _______ the hyoid and larynx and is innervated by a branch of ventral ramus C1.
elevate
The vagus nerve innervates all the muscles of the ________ except for the tensor palatini.
palate
Axons arising from the lateral geniculate nucleus project to the __________________ of the occipital lobe.
primary visual cortex
The ___________ muscle is a derivative of the second pharyngeal arch.
stapedius
The thyroid gland initially develops as a diverticulum at foramen cecum a _________ structure.
tongue
The __________ and __________ communicate through the auditory tube.
nasal pharynx middle ear
The gag reflex tests the ________ function of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the ________ function of the vagus nerve.
sensory motor
The stylopharyngeus muscle enters the pharynx by passing between the _______ and ________ constrictor muscles.
superior middle
The ___________ veins interconnect the venous drainage of the face and orbit with the cavernous sinus.
ophthalmic
The pupillary reflex tests the parasympathetic motor function of the _______ cranial nerve.
IIIrd
The VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus are the specific relay nuclei for the motor system involving the __________ and _____________.
cerebellum basal ganglia
The maxilla forms from fusion of the ___________________ and distal zones of the paired maxillary processes.
bilateral medial nasal processes
__________ sensations from the mucosa covering the tip of the tongue are conveyed to the central nervous system over the axons of the lingual nerve.
fine touch
The ______________ are derived from the first (mandibular) pharyngeal (branchial) arch.
muscles of mastication
The first ______________ positioned adjacent to the 2nd pharyngeal cleft contributes to the formation of the external ear.
pharyngeal cleft
The auriculotemporal nerve a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve passes ________ to the lateral pterygoid muscle and ________ to the neck of the mandible.
medial posterior
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is the only _____________ (movement) of the vocal folds.
abductor
somatosensory system.
VPM
The laryngeal mucosa is inferior to the vocal folds is innervated by the __________________.
laryngeal nerve
The upper molars and their associated buccal mucosa are innervated by the ______ nerves.
PSA
The _________ is derived from the first second third and fourth pharyngeal arches and myoblasts from the occipital somites.
tongue
The _____________ muscle is the only abductor (movement) of the vocal folds.
posterior cricoarytenoid
The output of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by inhibition of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the ___________.
thalamus
The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is the region of the pituitary gland that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the hypothalamus that secrete _____________ or _____________ into the bloodstream.
oxytocin vasopressin
The ____________ reflex tests the sensory function of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the motor function of the vagus nerve.
gag
The ___________ dural venous sinus is positioned along the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli.
transverse
The posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle function in _______ of the mandible.
retrusion
The stapedius muscle is a derivative of the _________ pharyngeal arch.
second
The frontal lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the ____________ superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.
superior orbital fissure
The occipital nodes typically receive the direct lymphatic drainage of the skin overlying the ___________ of the trapezius muscle.
superior attatchment
The organ of corti is located in the ____________ of the inner ear.
cochlea
The nerve of the pterygoid canal enters the _______________ fossa by traversing the pterygoid canal.
pterygopalatine fossa
As it emerges from the ___________ the oculomotor nerve typically passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries.
interpenduncular fossa
The superior and inferior colliculi are located in the tectum the __________ aspect of the midbrain.
dorsal
The malleus and incus (ossicles) are both derivatives of the ________________.
pharyngeal arch
The cell bodies of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervating the parotid gland are located in the _______ ganglion.
otic
The temporalis masseter and medial pterygoid muscles all function to _____________ (movement) the mandible.
elevate
The __________ and ___________ nerves innervate the mucosa of the hard palate.
greater palatine nasopalatine
The crista ampullaris is a receptor structure located in the semicircular canals of the __________ portion of the temporal bone.
petrous
The inferior alveolar artery is typically a direct branch of the _________ artery.
maxillary
The ______________ and thymus are derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch.
parathyroid glands
The transverse _______________ is positioned along the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli.
dural venous sinus
The zygomatic arch and the ____________ form the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa.
ramus of the mandible
The temporalis masseter and medial pterygoid muscles all function to elevate (movement) the ____________.
mandible
The majority of the commissural axons passing from one cerebral hemisphere to the contralateral cerebral hemisphere pass through the _______________.
corpus callosum
The primary motor cortex is located in the __________ gyrus of the frontal lobe.
precentral
Pharyngeal ____________ are covered by ectoderm and positioned between adjacent pharyngeal arches.
clefts
The gag reflex tests the sensory function of the __________ nerve and the motor function of the _________ nerve.
glossopharyngeal vagus
The _______________ is located in the temporal lobe.
primary auditory cortex
The frontal lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the ______________.
annular (common tendinous) ring
The majority of the commissural axons passing from one cerebral hemisphere to the __________ cerebral hemisphere pass through the corpus callosum.
contralateral
The posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle function in retrusion of the _________.
mandible
The __________ nodes typically receive the direct lymphatic drainage of the skin overlying the superior attachment of the trapezius muscle.
occipital
The parathyroid glands and _____________ are derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch.
thymus
As it emerges from the interpeduncular fossa the __________ nerve typically passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries.
oculomotor
The primary afferent neuron (cell body) for ___________ sensation is located in the spiral ganglion.
auditory
The pupillary reflex tests the _______________ function of the IIIrd cranial nerve.
parasympathetic motor
The upper compartment of the TMJ is classified (synovial) as a ______________ joint where as the lower compartment is a hinge joint.
gliding (plane)
The _________ lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.
frontal
The _________ of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by inhibition of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.
output
The posterior division of the retromandibular and the posterior auricular vein are the two primary tributaries of the ________________ vein.
external jugular
The reticular activating system is located in the _____________ a major brain subdivision.
brainstem
The _______________ is positioned between the medial pterygoid and the superior constrictor.
parapharyngeal space
The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the medulla between the _______ and the _______.
pyramid olive
Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the ___________ circuit involving the amygdala whereas memory consolidation involves the hippocampus.
limbic
The branches of the middle meningeal artery are typically positioned _______ to the pterion.
medial
The first pharyngeal cleft positioned adjacent to the 2nd pharyngeal cleft contributes to the formation of the ____________.
external ear
The posterior division of the ____________ and the posterior auricular vein are the two primary tributaries of the external jugular vein.
retromandibular
The medial geniculate nucleus is the thalamus relay nucleus for the ____________ system.
auditory
The tongue is derived from the _________ __________ __________ and __________ pharyngeal arches and myoblasts from the occipital somites.
first second third fourth
The inferior alveolar nerve provides ________ innervation to the molars of the lower jaw.
sensory
The cell bodies of the second order neurons of the __________ pathway for the head are located in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.
pain and temperature
The cell bodies of the second order neurons of the pain and temperature pathway for the head are located in the _________ nucleus.
trigeminal
The superior oblique muscle of the eye receives its _________ innervation from branches of the ophthalmic nerve.
sensory
The vagus nerve innervates all the muscles of the palate except for the _____________.
tensor palatini
The ___________________ is the region of the pituitary gland that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the hypothalamus that secrete oxytocin or vasopressin into the bloodstream.
neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)
The longus colli muscle extends from ___________ to _________ and functions in flexion of the neck.
vertebral body vertebral body
The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine greater palatine anterior ethmoidal and _________ arteries.
facial
The cell bodies of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervating the ________ gland are located in the otic ganglion.
parotid
The output of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by ___________ of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.
inhibition
The primary afferent neuron (cell body) for auditory sensation is located in the ______________.
spiral ganglion
The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine ______________ anterior ethmoidal and facial arteries.
greater palatine
The _________________ is located in the brainstem a major brain subdivision.
reticular activating system
The nasal pharynx and middle ear communicate through the __________.
auditory tube
The lingual nerve innervates the mucosa overlying the ___________ of the oral cavity.
floor
The _________ and the ramus of the mandible form the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa.
zygomatic arch
Axons projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus pass through the _________ cerebellar peduncle.
superior
The __________ forms from fusion of the bilateral medial nasal processes and distal zones of the paired maxillary processes.
maxilla
The cell bodies of the ________ neurons of the pain and temperature pathway for the head are located in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.
second order
The occipital nodes typically receive the direct lymphatic drainage of the skin overlying the superior attachment of the _________ muscle.
trapezius
The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is the region of the pituitary gland that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the _____________ that secrete oxytocin or vasopressin into the bloodstream.
hypothalamus
The hypothalamus a brain structure involved in the regulation of body weight sleep and sexual behavior is a subdivision of the _________________ (region of the brain).
diencephalon
The _____________ of the scalp and the superior sagittal sinus are interconnected through a series of emissary veins.
venous drainage
Superficial cerebral veins are located in the CSF filled _________________.
subarachnoid space
The _____________ a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of emotional responses is located in the anterior-medial aspect of the temporal lobe.
amygdala
The __________ and putamen are positioned directly lateral to the internal capsule.
globus pallidus
Axons projecting from the inferior olive to the cerebellar cortex pass through the _____________ cerebellar peduncle.
inferior
The midline region of the cerebellum modulates ________ movements of the trunk.
motor
The facial nerve is closely associated with the posterior wall of the _____________.
middle ear
The globus pallidus and putamen are positioned directly _________ to the internal capsule.
lateral
Axons projecting to and from the hippocampus a structure critical to the formation of _____________ traverse the fornix.
new memories
The majority of the _____________ axons passing from one cerebral hemisphere to the contralateral cerebral hemisphere pass through the corpus callosum.
commissural
The ___________ reflex tests the sensory function of the Vth cranial nerve and the motor function of the VIIth cranial nerve.
corneal (blink)
Axons projecting from the ___________ to the thalamus pass through the superior cerebellar peduncle.
deep cerebellar nuclei
The superior and inferior colliculi are located in the tectum the dorsal aspect of the ______________.
midbrain
The posterior division of the retromandibular and the ____________ vein are the two primary tributaries of the external jugular vein.
posterior auricular
The posterior fibers of the __________ muscle function in retrusion of the mandible.
temporalis
As it emerges from the interpeduncular fossa the oculomotor nerve typically passes between the ___________ and _____________ arteries.
posterior cerebral superior cerebral
The __________ is the parasympathetic root of the pterygopalatine ganglion.
greater petrosal nerve
The lingual nerve innervates the mucosa overlying the floor of the _________.
oral cavity
The ____________ nerve traverses the cavernous sinus adjacent to the _________ artery.
abducens internal carotid artery
The crista ampullaris is a receptor structure located in the ____________ of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
semicircular canals
The upper molars and their associated ________ mucosa are innervated by the PSA nerves.
buccal
Axons projecting from the thalamus to the ___________ must pass through the internal capsule.
cerebral cortex
The output of the globus pallidus controls _________ movements by inhibition of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.
motor
The levator palatini muscle is a derivative of the _________ pharyngeal arch.
fourth
_____________ of the tongue is a function of the genioglossus muscle.
protrusion
The muscles of mastication are derived from the first (mandibular) ____________ arch.
pharyngeal (brachial)
The _______ nerve is closely associated with the posterior wall of the middle ear.
facial
The _____________ is a receptor structure located in the semicircular canals of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
crista ampullaris
The globus pallidus and putamen are positioned directly lateral to the __________.
internal capusle
The upper incisors are typically innervated by the ________________ nerves.
anterior superior alveolar
Pharyngeal clefts are covered by ectoderm and positioned between adjacent _____________.
pharyngeal arches
The branches of the ____________ artery are typically positioned medial to the pterion.
middle meningeal
The _____________________ function during the side-to-side grinding motion of the mandible.
medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
The ____________ artery is typically a direct branch of the maxillary artery.
inferior alveolar
The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is the region of the ____________ that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the hypothalamus that secrete oxytocin or vasopressin into the bloodstream.
pituitary gland
___________ hematomas are typically associated with a laceration of one or more of the meningeal arteries whereas subdural hematomas are associated with tears of the _____________ veins.
epidural superficial cerebral
Pharyngeal clefts are covered by ___________ and positioned between adjacent pharyngeal arches.
ectoderm
The anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine may be torn during a severe hyperextension (movement) of the _______.
neck
The temporalis ___________ and medial pterygoid muscles all function to elevate (movement) the mandible.
masseter
The transverse dural venous sinus is positioned along the attached margin of the ________________.
tentorium cerebelli
The ____________ initially develops as a diverticulum at foramen cecum a tongue structure.
thyroid gland
The _______ nerve innervates the mucosa overlying the floor of the oral cavity.
lingual
The VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus are the specific relay nuclei for the ____________ system involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
motor
The tectorial membrane is continuous with the ___________ ligament of the vertebral column.
posterior longitudinal
Axons arising from the left pontine nuclei project to the cerebellar cortex by passing through the _____________ cerebellar peduncle.
right middle
The mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric are both derived from the ___________ pharyngeal arch.
first
The frontal ________ and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.
lacrimal
The parathyroid glands and thymus are derivatives of the _______ pharyngeal pouch.
third
Protrusion of the ______________ is a function of the genioglossus muscle.
tongue
The VPM nucleus of the __________ is the specific relay nucleus for the trigeminal somatosensory system.
thalamus
Fine touch sensations from the mucosa covering the tip of the tongue are conveyed to the central nervous system over the axons of the _________ nerve.
lingual
The muscles of mastication are derived from the _________ pharyngeal (branchial) arch.
first (mandibular)
The mylohyoid muscle forms the floor of the _________ cavity.
oral
The _____________ with its associated tympanic plexus is located in the medial wall of the middle ear.
promontory
The _________ lip drains directly into the submental lymph nodes.
central lower
The inferior alveolar nerve provides sensory innervation to the _____ of the lower jaw.
molars
The ____________________ are located in the tectum the dorsal aspect of the midbrain.
superior and inferior colliculi
The auriculotemporal nerve a sensory branch of the ________ nerve passes medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and posterior to the neck of the mandible.
mandibular
Axons projecting from the __________ to the cerebellar cortex pass through the inferior cerebellar peduncle.
inferior olive
Abduction depression and intorsion of the eye are all functions of the _____________ muscle.
superior oblique
The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the ____________ between the pyramid and the _______________.
medulla olive
The _______ is the most important end organ for our sense of linear horizontal acceleration.
utricle
The medial geniculate nucleus is the __________ relay nucleus for the auditory system.
thalamus
Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the limbic circuit involving the _______________ whereas memory consolidation involves the hippocampus.
amygdala
The frontal lacrimal and ________ nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.
trochlear
The __________ and ____________ (ossicles) are both derivatives of the pharyngeal arch.
malleus incus
The laryngeal mucosa is __________ to the vocal folds and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
inferior
The sphenoid sinus typically drains into the _________ of the nasal cavity.
sphenoethmoidal recess
The facial nerve is closely associated with the __________ wall of the middle ear.
posterior
Most of the brainstem lower motor neurons receive bilateral corticobulbar afferents. Which cranial nerve nucleus (or subdivision) receives only contralateral corticobulbar afferents?
Lower facial nucleus
Proximal to the ________________ the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus.
superior orbital fissure
Proximal to the superior orbital fissure the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the ________ sinus.
cavernous
The auriculotemporal nerve a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve passes medial to the _________________ and posterior to the ______________.
lateral pterygoid muscle neck of the mandible
The tongue is derived from the first second third and fourth pharyngeal arches and myoblasts from the ______________.
occipital somites
The _____________ is formed by the fusion of the right and left palatine shelves.
secondary palate
The __________________ is located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
primary motor cortex
The _____________ is continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column.
tectorial membrane
The meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve re-enters the skull by traversing the ________________.
foramen spinosum
The midline region of the ___________ modulates motor movements of the trunk.
cerebellum
The parapharyngeal space is positioned between the __________ and the superior constrictor.
medial pterygoid
The mylohyoid and ________________ are both derived from the first pharyngeal arch.
anterior belly of the digastric
The __________ of the temporalis muscle function in retrusion of the mandible.
posterior fibers
The promontory with its associated ___________ is located in the medial wall of the middle ear.
tympanic plexus
The _________________ enters the pterygopalatine fossa by traversing the pterygoid canal.
nerve of the pterygoid canal
Axons projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the _________ pass through the superior cerebellar peduncle.
thalamus
Axons projecting from the inferior olive to the _____________ pass through the inferior cerebellar peduncle.
cerebellar cortex
The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the __________ lobe.
frontal
The greater petrosal nerve is the ________________ root of the pterygopalatine ganglion.
parasympathetic
The maxilla forms from fusion of the bilateral medial nasal processes and distal zones of the paired ____________.
maxillary processes
The ___________________ for auditory sensation is located in the spiral ganglion.
primary afferent neuron (cell body)
Axons arising from the _____________ nucleus project to the primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe.
lateral geniculate
The corneal (blink) reflex tests the ___________ function of the Vth cranial nerve and the __________ function of the VIIth cranial nerve.
sensory motor
The stapedius muscle attaches in part to the stapes (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the _________ nerve.
facial
The branches of the middle meningeal artery are typically positioned medial to the ___________.
pterion
The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus contains the neuronal cell bodies for some of the primary sensory afferents innervating ___________ muscle spindles.
temporalis
The anterior inferior aspect of the __________ typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine greater palatine anterior ethmoidal and facial arteries.
nasal septum
The _____________ muscle is a derivative of the fourth pharyngeal arch.
levator palatini
Protrusion of the tongue is a function of the __________________.
genioglossus muscle
The optic nerve contains the axons of the _________ cells of the retina.
ganglion
The glossopharyngeal vagus and accessory nerves all exit the ___________ fossa by traversing the __________ foramen.
posterior cranial jugular
The ________ muscle forms the floor of the oral cavity.
mylohyoid
The ___________ reflex tests the parasympathetic motor function of the IIIrd cranial nerve.
pupillary
The auriculotemporal nerve a ________ branch of the mandibular nerve passes medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and posterior to the neck of the mandible.
sensory
The crista ampullaris is a receptor structure located in the semicircular canals of the petrous portion of the __________ bone.
temporal
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is the only abductor (movement) of the __________.
vocal folds
The _____________ a brain structure involved in the regulation of body weight sleep and sexual behavior is a subdivision of the diencephalon (region of the brain).
hypothalamus
The promontory with its associated tympanic plexus is located in the _______ wall of the ___________.
medial middle ear
Epidural hematomas are typically associated with a laceration of one or more of the ____________ arteries whereas _______________ hematomas are associated with tears of the superficial cerebral veins.
meningeal subdural
The venous drainage of the ________ and the ___________________ are interconnected through a series of emissary veins.
scalp superior sagittal sinus
The _____________ is inferior to the vocal folds and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
laryngeal mucosa
The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles function during the side-to-side grinding motion of the __________.
mandible
The first pharyngeal cleft positioned adjacent to the _________ pharyngeal cleft contributes to the formation of the external ear.
second
The nerve of the pterygoid canal enters the pterygopalatine fossa by traversing the ______________.
pterygoid canal
The cell bodies of the _________________ neurons innervating the parotid gland are located in the otic ganglion.
postganglionic parasympathetic
Axons arising from the left pontine nuclei project to the ______________ by passing through the right middle cerebellar peduncle.
cerebellar cortex
The output of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by inhibition of the _____________ (VA/VL) of the thalamus.
motor nuclei
The ___________ and their associated buccal mucosa are innervated by the PSA nerves.
upper molars
The __________ nerve provides sensory innervation to the molars of the lower jaw.
inferior alveolar
Axons projecting from the __________ to the cerebral cortex must pass through the internal capsule.
thalamus
The ____________ nerve contains the axons of the ganglion cells of the retina.
optic
The thyroid gland initially develops as a ______________ at foramen cecum a tongue structure.
diverticulum
The superior oblique muscle of the eye receives its sensory innervation from branches of the ___________ nerve.
ophthalmic
The utricle is the most important end organ for our sense of linear horizontal ____________.
acceleration
The ___________ muscle of the eye receives its sensory innervation from branches of the ophthalmic nerve.
superior oblique
The output of the _____________ controls motor movements by inhibition of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.
globus pallidus
Axons projecting to and from the _____________ a structure critical to the formation of new memories traverse the fornix.
hippocampus
The midline region of the cerebellum modulates motor movements of the _________.
trunk
The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus contains the neuronal cell bodies for some of the ____________ innervating temporalis muscle spindles.
primary sensory afferents
The ___________ muscle functions to elevate the hyoid and larynx and is innervated by a branch of ventral ramus C1.
thyrohyoid (geniohyoid)
The ____________ and anterior belly of the digastric are both derived from the first pharyngeal arch.
mylohyoid
The tongue is derived from the first second third and fourth ___________ and myoblasts from the occipital somites.
pharyngeal arches
The primary auditory cortex is located in the __________ lobe.
temporal
The stylopharyngeus muscle enters the pharynx by passing between the superior and middle _____________.
constrictor muscles
The longus colli muscle extends from vertebral body to vertebral body and functions in flexion of the ________.
neck
The maxilla forms from fusion of the bilateral medial nasal processes and ____________ of the paired maxillary processes.
distal zones
The zygomatic arch and the ramus of the mandible form the lateral boundary of the _____________.
infratemporal fossa
The secondary palate is formed by the fusion of the right and left __________ shelves.
palatine
Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the limbic circuit involving the amygdala whereas memory consolidation involves the _______________.
hippocampus
The levator palatini muscle is a derivative of the fourth ________________.
pharyngeal arch
Proximal to the superior orbital fissure the __________ and __________ nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus.
oculomotor trochlear
The ________ branch of the mandibular nerve re-enters the skull by traversing the foramen spinosum.
meningeal
The mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric are both derived from the first _________________.
pharyngeal arch
The meningeal branch of the _______________ re-enters the skull by traversing the foramen spinosum.
mandibular nerve
somatosensory system.
trigeminal
The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine greater palatine ______________ and facial arteries.
anterior ethmoidal
The zygomatic arch and the ramus of the mandible form the ______ boundary of the infratemporal fossa.
lateral
The greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves innervate the mucosa of the ____________.
hard palate
The anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine may be torn during a severe ___________ (movement) of the neck.
hyperextension
The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles function during the _____________ motion of the mandible.
side-to-side grinding
The amygdala a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of ____________ responses is located in the anterior-medial aspect of the temporal lobe.
emotional
Fine touch sensations from the mucosa covering the tip of the ____________ are conveyed to the central nervous system over the axons of the lingual nerve.
tongue
Axons projecting to and from the hippocampus a structure critical to the formation of new memories traverse the _______________.
fornix
The _________ nuclei of the thalamus are the specific relay nuclei for the motor system involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
VA/VL
The tongue is derived from the first second third and fourth pharyngeal arches and _____________ from the occipital somites.
myoblasts
The __________ muscle extends from vertebral body to vertebral body and functions in flexion of the neck.
longus colli
The superior and inferior colliculi are located in the ___________ the dorsal aspect of the midbrain.
tectum
The venous drainage of the scalp and the superior sagittal sinus are interconnected through a series of ____________veins.
emissary
The sphenoid sinus typically drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess of the ___________.
nasal cavity
_____________ clefts are covered by ectoderm and positioned between adjacent pharyngeal arches.
pharyngeal
__________ ___________ and ___________ of the eye are all functions of the superior oblique muscle.
abduction depression intorsion
The upper compartment of the TMJ is classified (synovial) as a gliding (plane) joint where as the lower compartment is a ______ joint.
hinge
The longus colli muscle extends from vertebral body to vertebral body and functions in _________ of the neck.
flexion
Proximal to the superior orbital fissure the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the ________ wall of the cavernous sinus.
lateral
The stylopharyngeus muscle enters the _________ by passing between the superior and middle constrictor muscles.
pharynx
The temporalis masseter and _______________ muscles all function to elevate (movement) the mandible.
medial pterygoid
The ___________ ______ and __________ nerves all exit the posterior cranial fossa by traversing the jugular foramen.
glossopharyngeal vagus accessory
The VA/VL nuclei of the __________ are the specific relay nuclei for the motor system involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
thalamus
The amygdala a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of emotional responses is located in the ___________ aspect of the temporal lobe.
anterior-medial
The ____________ aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine greater palatine anterior ethmoidal and facial arteries.
anterior inferior
The thyroid gland initially develops as a diverticulum at ____________ a tongue structure.
foramen cecum
Axons arising from the lateral geniculate nucleus project to the primary visual cortex of the _____________ lobe.
occipital
The ophthalmic veins interconnect the venous drainage of the _____ and ______ with the cavernous sinus.
face orbit
The parapharyngeal space is positioned between the medial pterygoid and the _______________.
superior constrictor
Axons arising from the left pontine nuclei project to the cerebellar cortex by passing through the right middle _________________.
cerebellar peduncle
The _________ nerve emerges from the medulla between the pyramid and the olive.
hypoglossal
The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the ___________ greater palatine anterior ethmoidal and facial arteries.
sphenopalatine
The __________ muscle enters the pharynx by passing between the superior and middle constrictor muscles.
stylopharyngeus
The stapedius muscle attaches in part to the _________ (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve.
stapes
___________________ are located in the CSF filled subarachnoid space.
superficial cerebral veins
Superficial cerebral veins are located in the ____________ filled subarachnoid space.
CSF
The corneal (blink) reflex tests the sensory function of the ______ cranial nerve and the motor function of the ________ cranial nerve.
Vth VIIth
The ___________ masseter and medial pterygoid muscles all function to elevate (movement) the mandible.
temporalis
The greater petrosal nerve is the parasympathetic root of the ___________ ganglion.
pterygopalatine
Coordination of _________ responses is the function of the limbic circuit involving the amygdala whereas memory consolidation involves the hippocampus.
emotional
The globus pallidus and _________ are positioned directly lateral to the internal capsule.
putamen
The _____________ nucleus contains the neuronal cell bodies for some of the primary sensory afferents innervating temporalis muscle spindles.
mesencephalic trigeminal
The ________________ nucleus is the thalamus relay nucleus for the auditory system.
medial geniculate
The amygdala a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of emotional responses is located in the anterior-medial aspect of the ____________ lobe.
temporal
The central lower lip drains directly into the _________ lymph nodes.
submental
The __________ ligament of the spine may be torn during a severe hyperextension (movement) of the neck.
anterior longitudinal
Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the limbic circuit involving the amygdala whereas __________ consolidation involves the hippocampus.
memory
The __________ nerve a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve passes medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and posterior to the neck of the mandible.
auriculotemporal
The thyrohyoid (geniohyoid) muscle functions to elevate the hyoid and larynx and is innervated by a branch of ____________.
ventral ramus C1
The abducens nerve traverses the ___________ adjacent to the internal carotid artery.
cavernous sinus
The stapedius muscle is a derivative of the second _____________.
pharyngeal arch
The tectorial membrane is continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament of the _______________.
vertebral column
Axons projecting from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex must pass through the __________.
internal capsule
The laryngeal mucosa is inferior to the _________ and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
vocal folds
The ophthalmic veins interconnect the venous drainage of the face and orbit with the ________________.
cavernous sinus