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Flashcards in WE3 Deck (300)
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1
Q

The ___________ is located in the cochlea of the inner ear.

A

organ of corti

1
Q

Axons arising from the ____________ nuclei project to the cerebellar cortex by passing through the right middle cerebellar peduncle.

A

left pontine

2
Q

The _______________ region of the cerebellum modulates motor movements of the trunk.

A

midline

3
Q

The __________ incisors are typically innervated by the anterior superior alveolar nerves.

A

upper

3
Q

The ____________ typically drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity.

A

sphenoid sinus

3
Q

The ___________ nerve innervates all the muscles of the palate except for the tensor palatini.

A

vagus

3
Q

The utricle is the most important end organ for our sense of ____________ acceleration.

A

linear horizontal

3
Q

The optic nerve contains the axons of the ganglion cells of the __________.

A

retina

4
Q

The ___________ muscle attaches in part to the stapes (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve.

A

stapedius

4
Q

The thyrohyoid (geniohyoid) muscle functions to _______ the hyoid and larynx and is innervated by a branch of ventral ramus C1.

A

elevate

4
Q

The vagus nerve innervates all the muscles of the ________ except for the tensor palatini.

A

palate

4
Q

Axons arising from the lateral geniculate nucleus project to the __________________ of the occipital lobe.

A

primary visual cortex

4
Q

The ___________ muscle is a derivative of the second pharyngeal arch.

A

stapedius

4
Q

The thyroid gland initially develops as a diverticulum at foramen cecum a _________ structure.

A

tongue

5
Q

The __________ and __________ communicate through the auditory tube.

A

nasal pharynx middle ear

6
Q

The gag reflex tests the ________ function of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the ________ function of the vagus nerve.

A

sensory motor

6
Q

The stylopharyngeus muscle enters the pharynx by passing between the _______ and ________ constrictor muscles.

A

superior middle

6
Q

The ___________ veins interconnect the venous drainage of the face and orbit with the cavernous sinus.

A

ophthalmic

6
Q

The pupillary reflex tests the parasympathetic motor function of the _______ cranial nerve.

A

IIIrd

6
Q

The VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus are the specific relay nuclei for the motor system involving the __________ and _____________.

A

cerebellum basal ganglia

6
Q

The maxilla forms from fusion of the ___________________ and distal zones of the paired maxillary processes.

A

bilateral medial nasal processes

7
Q

__________ sensations from the mucosa covering the tip of the tongue are conveyed to the central nervous system over the axons of the lingual nerve.

A

fine touch

8
Q

The ______________ are derived from the first (mandibular) pharyngeal (branchial) arch.

A

muscles of mastication

8
Q

The first ______________ positioned adjacent to the 2nd pharyngeal cleft contributes to the formation of the external ear.

A

pharyngeal cleft

9
Q

The auriculotemporal nerve a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve passes ________ to the lateral pterygoid muscle and ________ to the neck of the mandible.

A

medial posterior

9
Q

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is the only _____________ (movement) of the vocal folds.

A

abductor

9
Q

somatosensory system.

A

VPM

10
Q

The laryngeal mucosa is inferior to the vocal folds is innervated by the __________________.

A

laryngeal nerve

11
Q

The upper molars and their associated buccal mucosa are innervated by the ______ nerves.

A

PSA

11
Q

The _________ is derived from the first second third and fourth pharyngeal arches and myoblasts from the occipital somites.

A

tongue

13
Q

The _____________ muscle is the only abductor (movement) of the vocal folds.

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

14
Q

The output of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by inhibition of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the ___________.

A

thalamus

15
Q

The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is the region of the pituitary gland that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the hypothalamus that secrete _____________ or _____________ into the bloodstream.

A

oxytocin vasopressin

16
Q

The ____________ reflex tests the sensory function of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the motor function of the vagus nerve.

A

gag

16
Q

The ___________ dural venous sinus is positioned along the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli.

A

transverse

16
Q

The posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle function in _______ of the mandible.

A

retrusion

16
Q

The stapedius muscle is a derivative of the _________ pharyngeal arch.

A

second

17
Q

The frontal lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the ____________ superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.

A

superior orbital fissure

17
Q

The occipital nodes typically receive the direct lymphatic drainage of the skin overlying the ___________ of the trapezius muscle.

A

superior attatchment

17
Q

The organ of corti is located in the ____________ of the inner ear.

A

cochlea

19
Q

The nerve of the pterygoid canal enters the _______________ fossa by traversing the pterygoid canal.

A

pterygopalatine fossa

20
Q

As it emerges from the ___________ the oculomotor nerve typically passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries.

A

interpenduncular fossa

20
Q

The superior and inferior colliculi are located in the tectum the __________ aspect of the midbrain.

A

dorsal

20
Q

The malleus and incus (ossicles) are both derivatives of the ________________.

A

pharyngeal arch

21
Q

The cell bodies of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervating the parotid gland are located in the _______ ganglion.

A

otic

22
Q

The temporalis masseter and medial pterygoid muscles all function to _____________ (movement) the mandible.

A

elevate

22
Q

The __________ and ___________ nerves innervate the mucosa of the hard palate.

A

greater palatine nasopalatine

22
Q

The crista ampullaris is a receptor structure located in the semicircular canals of the __________ portion of the temporal bone.

A

petrous

23
Q

The inferior alveolar artery is typically a direct branch of the _________ artery.

A

maxillary

23
Q

The ______________ and thymus are derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch.

A

parathyroid glands

24
Q

The transverse _______________ is positioned along the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli.

A

dural venous sinus

24
Q

The zygomatic arch and the ____________ form the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa.

A

ramus of the mandible

25
Q

The temporalis masseter and medial pterygoid muscles all function to elevate (movement) the ____________.

A

mandible

25
Q

The majority of the commissural axons passing from one cerebral hemisphere to the contralateral cerebral hemisphere pass through the _______________.

A

corpus callosum

25
Q

The primary motor cortex is located in the __________ gyrus of the frontal lobe.

A

precentral

25
Q

Pharyngeal ____________ are covered by ectoderm and positioned between adjacent pharyngeal arches.

A

clefts

26
Q

The gag reflex tests the sensory function of the __________ nerve and the motor function of the _________ nerve.

A

glossopharyngeal vagus

26
Q

The _______________ is located in the temporal lobe.

A

primary auditory cortex

27
Q

The frontal lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the ______________.

A

annular (common tendinous) ring

29
Q

The majority of the commissural axons passing from one cerebral hemisphere to the __________ cerebral hemisphere pass through the corpus callosum.

A

contralateral

30
Q

The posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle function in retrusion of the _________.

A

mandible

31
Q

The __________ nodes typically receive the direct lymphatic drainage of the skin overlying the superior attachment of the trapezius muscle.

A

occipital

32
Q

The parathyroid glands and _____________ are derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch.

A

thymus

33
Q

As it emerges from the interpeduncular fossa the __________ nerve typically passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries.

A

oculomotor

34
Q

The primary afferent neuron (cell body) for ___________ sensation is located in the spiral ganglion.

A

auditory

35
Q

The pupillary reflex tests the _______________ function of the IIIrd cranial nerve.

A

parasympathetic motor

36
Q

The upper compartment of the TMJ is classified (synovial) as a ______________ joint where as the lower compartment is a hinge joint.

A

gliding (plane)

37
Q

The _________ lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.

A

frontal

37
Q

The _________ of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by inhibition of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.

A

output

39
Q

The posterior division of the retromandibular and the posterior auricular vein are the two primary tributaries of the ________________ vein.

A

external jugular

39
Q

The reticular activating system is located in the _____________ a major brain subdivision.

A

brainstem

41
Q

The _______________ is positioned between the medial pterygoid and the superior constrictor.

A

parapharyngeal space

42
Q

The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the medulla between the _______ and the _______.

A

pyramid olive

42
Q

Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the ___________ circuit involving the amygdala whereas memory consolidation involves the hippocampus.

A

limbic

43
Q

The branches of the middle meningeal artery are typically positioned _______ to the pterion.

A

medial

43
Q

The first pharyngeal cleft positioned adjacent to the 2nd pharyngeal cleft contributes to the formation of the ____________.

A

external ear

44
Q

The posterior division of the ____________ and the posterior auricular vein are the two primary tributaries of the external jugular vein.

A

retromandibular

44
Q

The medial geniculate nucleus is the thalamus relay nucleus for the ____________ system.

A

auditory

44
Q

The tongue is derived from the _________ __________ __________ and __________ pharyngeal arches and myoblasts from the occipital somites.

A

first second third fourth

45
Q

The inferior alveolar nerve provides ________ innervation to the molars of the lower jaw.

A

sensory

45
Q

The cell bodies of the second order neurons of the __________ pathway for the head are located in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.

A

pain and temperature

46
Q

The cell bodies of the second order neurons of the pain and temperature pathway for the head are located in the _________ nucleus.

A

trigeminal

47
Q

The superior oblique muscle of the eye receives its _________ innervation from branches of the ophthalmic nerve.

A

sensory

47
Q

The vagus nerve innervates all the muscles of the palate except for the _____________.

A

tensor palatini

47
Q

The ___________________ is the region of the pituitary gland that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the hypothalamus that secrete oxytocin or vasopressin into the bloodstream.

A

neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

48
Q

The longus colli muscle extends from ___________ to _________ and functions in flexion of the neck.

A

vertebral body vertebral body

49
Q

The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine greater palatine anterior ethmoidal and _________ arteries.

A

facial

51
Q

The cell bodies of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervating the ________ gland are located in the otic ganglion.

A

parotid

51
Q

The output of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by ___________ of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.

A

inhibition

53
Q

The primary afferent neuron (cell body) for auditory sensation is located in the ______________.

A

spiral ganglion

54
Q

The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine ______________ anterior ethmoidal and facial arteries.

A

greater palatine

54
Q

The _________________ is located in the brainstem a major brain subdivision.

A

reticular activating system

55
Q

The nasal pharynx and middle ear communicate through the __________.

A

auditory tube

57
Q

The lingual nerve innervates the mucosa overlying the ___________ of the oral cavity.

A

floor

59
Q

The _________ and the ramus of the mandible form the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa.

A

zygomatic arch

60
Q

Axons projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus pass through the _________ cerebellar peduncle.

A

superior

61
Q

The __________ forms from fusion of the bilateral medial nasal processes and distal zones of the paired maxillary processes.

A

maxilla

62
Q

The cell bodies of the ________ neurons of the pain and temperature pathway for the head are located in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.

A

second order

63
Q

The occipital nodes typically receive the direct lymphatic drainage of the skin overlying the superior attachment of the _________ muscle.

A

trapezius

64
Q

The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is the region of the pituitary gland that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the _____________ that secrete oxytocin or vasopressin into the bloodstream.

A

hypothalamus

66
Q

The hypothalamus a brain structure involved in the regulation of body weight sleep and sexual behavior is a subdivision of the _________________ (region of the brain).

A

diencephalon

67
Q

The _____________ of the scalp and the superior sagittal sinus are interconnected through a series of emissary veins.

A

venous drainage

68
Q

Superficial cerebral veins are located in the CSF filled _________________.

A

subarachnoid space

68
Q

The _____________ a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of emotional responses is located in the anterior-medial aspect of the temporal lobe.

A

amygdala

69
Q

The __________ and putamen are positioned directly lateral to the internal capsule.

A

globus pallidus

70
Q

Axons projecting from the inferior olive to the cerebellar cortex pass through the _____________ cerebellar peduncle.

A

inferior

71
Q

The midline region of the cerebellum modulates ________ movements of the trunk.

A

motor

72
Q

The facial nerve is closely associated with the posterior wall of the _____________.

A

middle ear

73
Q

The globus pallidus and putamen are positioned directly _________ to the internal capsule.

A

lateral

75
Q

Axons projecting to and from the hippocampus a structure critical to the formation of _____________ traverse the fornix.

A

new memories

76
Q

The majority of the _____________ axons passing from one cerebral hemisphere to the contralateral cerebral hemisphere pass through the corpus callosum.

A

commissural

77
Q

The ___________ reflex tests the sensory function of the Vth cranial nerve and the motor function of the VIIth cranial nerve.

A

corneal (blink)

78
Q

Axons projecting from the ___________ to the thalamus pass through the superior cerebellar peduncle.

A

deep cerebellar nuclei

79
Q

The superior and inferior colliculi are located in the tectum the dorsal aspect of the ______________.

A

midbrain

80
Q

The posterior division of the retromandibular and the ____________ vein are the two primary tributaries of the external jugular vein.

A

posterior auricular

82
Q

The posterior fibers of the __________ muscle function in retrusion of the mandible.

A

temporalis

84
Q

As it emerges from the interpeduncular fossa the oculomotor nerve typically passes between the ___________ and _____________ arteries.

A

posterior cerebral superior cerebral

85
Q

The __________ is the parasympathetic root of the pterygopalatine ganglion.

A

greater petrosal nerve

86
Q

The lingual nerve innervates the mucosa overlying the floor of the _________.

A

oral cavity

88
Q

The ____________ nerve traverses the cavernous sinus adjacent to the _________ artery.

A

abducens internal carotid artery

88
Q

The crista ampullaris is a receptor structure located in the ____________ of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

A

semicircular canals

89
Q

The upper molars and their associated ________ mucosa are innervated by the PSA nerves.

A

buccal

91
Q

Axons projecting from the thalamus to the ___________ must pass through the internal capsule.

A

cerebral cortex

91
Q

The output of the globus pallidus controls _________ movements by inhibition of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.

A

motor

91
Q

The levator palatini muscle is a derivative of the _________ pharyngeal arch.

A

fourth

92
Q

_____________ of the tongue is a function of the genioglossus muscle.

A

protrusion

92
Q

The muscles of mastication are derived from the first (mandibular) ____________ arch.

A

pharyngeal (brachial)

93
Q

The _______ nerve is closely associated with the posterior wall of the middle ear.

A

facial

95
Q

The _____________ is a receptor structure located in the semicircular canals of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

A

crista ampullaris

97
Q

The globus pallidus and putamen are positioned directly lateral to the __________.

A

internal capusle

99
Q

The upper incisors are typically innervated by the ________________ nerves.

A

anterior superior alveolar

99
Q

Pharyngeal clefts are covered by ectoderm and positioned between adjacent _____________.

A

pharyngeal arches

100
Q

The branches of the ____________ artery are typically positioned medial to the pterion.

A

middle meningeal

102
Q

The _____________________ function during the side-to-side grinding motion of the mandible.

A

medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

103
Q

The ____________ artery is typically a direct branch of the maxillary artery.

A

inferior alveolar

103
Q

The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is the region of the ____________ that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the hypothalamus that secrete oxytocin or vasopressin into the bloodstream.

A

pituitary gland

103
Q

___________ hematomas are typically associated with a laceration of one or more of the meningeal arteries whereas subdural hematomas are associated with tears of the _____________ veins.

A

epidural superficial cerebral

105
Q

Pharyngeal clefts are covered by ___________ and positioned between adjacent pharyngeal arches.

A

ectoderm

107
Q

The anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine may be torn during a severe hyperextension (movement) of the _______.

A

neck

108
Q

The temporalis ___________ and medial pterygoid muscles all function to elevate (movement) the mandible.

A

masseter

110
Q

The transverse dural venous sinus is positioned along the attached margin of the ________________.

A

tentorium cerebelli

110
Q

The ____________ initially develops as a diverticulum at foramen cecum a tongue structure.

A

thyroid gland

112
Q

The _______ nerve innervates the mucosa overlying the floor of the oral cavity.

A

lingual

113
Q

The VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus are the specific relay nuclei for the ____________ system involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

A

motor

114
Q

The tectorial membrane is continuous with the ___________ ligament of the vertebral column.

A

posterior longitudinal

115
Q

Axons arising from the left pontine nuclei project to the cerebellar cortex by passing through the _____________ cerebellar peduncle.

A

right middle

117
Q

The mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric are both derived from the ___________ pharyngeal arch.

A

first

118
Q

The frontal ________ and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.

A

lacrimal

119
Q

The parathyroid glands and thymus are derivatives of the _______ pharyngeal pouch.

A

third

120
Q

Protrusion of the ______________ is a function of the genioglossus muscle.

A

tongue

121
Q

The VPM nucleus of the __________ is the specific relay nucleus for the trigeminal somatosensory system.

A

thalamus

123
Q

Fine touch sensations from the mucosa covering the tip of the tongue are conveyed to the central nervous system over the axons of the _________ nerve.

A

lingual

124
Q

The muscles of mastication are derived from the _________ pharyngeal (branchial) arch.

A

first (mandibular)

126
Q

The mylohyoid muscle forms the floor of the _________ cavity.

A

oral

127
Q

The _____________ with its associated tympanic plexus is located in the medial wall of the middle ear.

A

promontory

128
Q

The _________ lip drains directly into the submental lymph nodes.

A

central lower

130
Q

The inferior alveolar nerve provides sensory innervation to the _____ of the lower jaw.

A

molars

132
Q

The ____________________ are located in the tectum the dorsal aspect of the midbrain.

A

superior and inferior colliculi

134
Q

The auriculotemporal nerve a sensory branch of the ________ nerve passes medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and posterior to the neck of the mandible.

A

mandibular

134
Q

Axons projecting from the __________ to the cerebellar cortex pass through the inferior cerebellar peduncle.

A

inferior olive

135
Q

Abduction depression and intorsion of the eye are all functions of the _____________ muscle.

A

superior oblique

135
Q

The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the ____________ between the pyramid and the _______________.

A

medulla olive

136
Q

The _______ is the most important end organ for our sense of linear horizontal acceleration.

A

utricle

136
Q

The medial geniculate nucleus is the __________ relay nucleus for the auditory system.

A

thalamus

137
Q

Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the limbic circuit involving the _______________ whereas memory consolidation involves the hippocampus.

A

amygdala

138
Q

The frontal lacrimal and ________ nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.

A

trochlear

139
Q

The __________ and ____________ (ossicles) are both derivatives of the pharyngeal arch.

A

malleus incus

141
Q

The laryngeal mucosa is __________ to the vocal folds and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

A

inferior

142
Q

The sphenoid sinus typically drains into the _________ of the nasal cavity.

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

143
Q

The facial nerve is closely associated with the __________ wall of the middle ear.

A

posterior

145
Q

Most of the brainstem lower motor neurons receive bilateral corticobulbar afferents. Which cranial nerve nucleus (or subdivision) receives only contralateral corticobulbar afferents?

A

Lower facial nucleus

147
Q

Proximal to the ________________ the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus.

A

superior orbital fissure

148
Q

Proximal to the superior orbital fissure the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the ________ sinus.

A

cavernous

149
Q

The auriculotemporal nerve a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve passes medial to the _________________ and posterior to the ______________.

A

lateral pterygoid muscle neck of the mandible

150
Q

The tongue is derived from the first second third and fourth pharyngeal arches and myoblasts from the ______________.

A

occipital somites

151
Q

The _____________ is formed by the fusion of the right and left palatine shelves.

A

secondary palate

153
Q

The __________________ is located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.

A

primary motor cortex

154
Q

The _____________ is continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column.

A

tectorial membrane

156
Q

The meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve re-enters the skull by traversing the ________________.

A

foramen spinosum

157
Q

The midline region of the ___________ modulates motor movements of the trunk.

A

cerebellum

158
Q

The parapharyngeal space is positioned between the __________ and the superior constrictor.

A

medial pterygoid

160
Q

The mylohyoid and ________________ are both derived from the first pharyngeal arch.

A

anterior belly of the digastric

161
Q

The __________ of the temporalis muscle function in retrusion of the mandible.

A

posterior fibers

163
Q

The promontory with its associated ___________ is located in the medial wall of the middle ear.

A

tympanic plexus

165
Q

The _________________ enters the pterygopalatine fossa by traversing the pterygoid canal.

A

nerve of the pterygoid canal

166
Q

Axons projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the _________ pass through the superior cerebellar peduncle.

A

thalamus

167
Q

Axons projecting from the inferior olive to the _____________ pass through the inferior cerebellar peduncle.

A

cerebellar cortex

168
Q

The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the __________ lobe.

A

frontal

169
Q

The greater petrosal nerve is the ________________ root of the pterygopalatine ganglion.

A

parasympathetic

170
Q

The maxilla forms from fusion of the bilateral medial nasal processes and distal zones of the paired ____________.

A

maxillary processes

171
Q

The ___________________ for auditory sensation is located in the spiral ganglion.

A

primary afferent neuron (cell body)

173
Q

Axons arising from the _____________ nucleus project to the primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe.

A

lateral geniculate

174
Q

The corneal (blink) reflex tests the ___________ function of the Vth cranial nerve and the __________ function of the VIIth cranial nerve.

A

sensory motor

175
Q

The stapedius muscle attaches in part to the stapes (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the _________ nerve.

A

facial

176
Q

The branches of the middle meningeal artery are typically positioned medial to the ___________.

A

pterion

177
Q

The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus contains the neuronal cell bodies for some of the primary sensory afferents innervating ___________ muscle spindles.

A

temporalis

178
Q

The anterior inferior aspect of the __________ typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine greater palatine anterior ethmoidal and facial arteries.

A

nasal septum

180
Q

The _____________ muscle is a derivative of the fourth pharyngeal arch.

A

levator palatini

181
Q

Protrusion of the tongue is a function of the __________________.

A

genioglossus muscle

183
Q

The optic nerve contains the axons of the _________ cells of the retina.

A

ganglion

184
Q

The glossopharyngeal vagus and accessory nerves all exit the ___________ fossa by traversing the __________ foramen.

A

posterior cranial jugular

185
Q

The ________ muscle forms the floor of the oral cavity.

A

mylohyoid

186
Q

The ___________ reflex tests the parasympathetic motor function of the IIIrd cranial nerve.

A

pupillary

187
Q

The auriculotemporal nerve a ________ branch of the mandibular nerve passes medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and posterior to the neck of the mandible.

A

sensory

189
Q

The crista ampullaris is a receptor structure located in the semicircular canals of the petrous portion of the __________ bone.

A

temporal

190
Q

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is the only abductor (movement) of the __________.

A

vocal folds

191
Q

The _____________ a brain structure involved in the regulation of body weight sleep and sexual behavior is a subdivision of the diencephalon (region of the brain).

A

hypothalamus

192
Q

The promontory with its associated tympanic plexus is located in the _______ wall of the ___________.

A

medial middle ear

193
Q

Epidural hematomas are typically associated with a laceration of one or more of the ____________ arteries whereas _______________ hematomas are associated with tears of the superficial cerebral veins.

A

meningeal subdural

194
Q

The venous drainage of the ________ and the ___________________ are interconnected through a series of emissary veins.

A

scalp superior sagittal sinus

196
Q

The _____________ is inferior to the vocal folds and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

A

laryngeal mucosa

197
Q

The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles function during the side-to-side grinding motion of the __________.

A

mandible

199
Q

The first pharyngeal cleft positioned adjacent to the _________ pharyngeal cleft contributes to the formation of the external ear.

A

second

200
Q

The nerve of the pterygoid canal enters the pterygopalatine fossa by traversing the ______________.

A

pterygoid canal

200
Q

The cell bodies of the _________________ neurons innervating the parotid gland are located in the otic ganglion.

A

postganglionic parasympathetic

202
Q

Axons arising from the left pontine nuclei project to the ______________ by passing through the right middle cerebellar peduncle.

A

cerebellar cortex

204
Q

The output of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by inhibition of the _____________ (VA/VL) of the thalamus.

A

motor nuclei

206
Q

The ___________ and their associated buccal mucosa are innervated by the PSA nerves.

A

upper molars

207
Q

The __________ nerve provides sensory innervation to the molars of the lower jaw.

A

inferior alveolar

207
Q

Axons projecting from the __________ to the cerebral cortex must pass through the internal capsule.

A

thalamus

208
Q

The ____________ nerve contains the axons of the ganglion cells of the retina.

A

optic

209
Q

The thyroid gland initially develops as a ______________ at foramen cecum a tongue structure.

A

diverticulum

210
Q

The superior oblique muscle of the eye receives its sensory innervation from branches of the ___________ nerve.

A

ophthalmic

211
Q

The utricle is the most important end organ for our sense of linear horizontal ____________.

A

acceleration

212
Q

The ___________ muscle of the eye receives its sensory innervation from branches of the ophthalmic nerve.

A

superior oblique

213
Q

The output of the _____________ controls motor movements by inhibition of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.

A

globus pallidus

215
Q

Axons projecting to and from the _____________ a structure critical to the formation of new memories traverse the fornix.

A

hippocampus

217
Q

The midline region of the cerebellum modulates motor movements of the _________.

A

trunk

218
Q

The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus contains the neuronal cell bodies for some of the ____________ innervating temporalis muscle spindles.

A

primary sensory afferents

219
Q

The ___________ muscle functions to elevate the hyoid and larynx and is innervated by a branch of ventral ramus C1.

A

thyrohyoid (geniohyoid)

220
Q

The ____________ and anterior belly of the digastric are both derived from the first pharyngeal arch.

A

mylohyoid

221
Q

The tongue is derived from the first second third and fourth ___________ and myoblasts from the occipital somites.

A

pharyngeal arches

222
Q

The primary auditory cortex is located in the __________ lobe.

A

temporal

223
Q

The stylopharyngeus muscle enters the pharynx by passing between the superior and middle _____________.

A

constrictor muscles

225
Q

The longus colli muscle extends from vertebral body to vertebral body and functions in flexion of the ________.

A

neck

227
Q

The maxilla forms from fusion of the bilateral medial nasal processes and ____________ of the paired maxillary processes.

A

distal zones

228
Q

The zygomatic arch and the ramus of the mandible form the lateral boundary of the _____________.

A

infratemporal fossa

229
Q

The secondary palate is formed by the fusion of the right and left __________ shelves.

A

palatine

230
Q

Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the limbic circuit involving the amygdala whereas memory consolidation involves the _______________.

A

hippocampus

231
Q

The levator palatini muscle is a derivative of the fourth ________________.

A

pharyngeal arch

233
Q

Proximal to the superior orbital fissure the __________ and __________ nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus.

A

oculomotor trochlear

234
Q

The ________ branch of the mandibular nerve re-enters the skull by traversing the foramen spinosum.

A

meningeal

235
Q

The mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric are both derived from the first _________________.

A

pharyngeal arch

236
Q

The meningeal branch of the _______________ re-enters the skull by traversing the foramen spinosum.

A

mandibular nerve

237
Q

somatosensory system.

A

trigeminal

238
Q

The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine greater palatine ______________ and facial arteries.

A

anterior ethmoidal

239
Q

The zygomatic arch and the ramus of the mandible form the ______ boundary of the infratemporal fossa.

A

lateral

241
Q

The greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves innervate the mucosa of the ____________.

A

hard palate

242
Q

The anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine may be torn during a severe ___________ (movement) of the neck.

A

hyperextension

243
Q

The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles function during the _____________ motion of the mandible.

A

side-to-side grinding

245
Q

The amygdala a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of ____________ responses is located in the anterior-medial aspect of the temporal lobe.

A

emotional

246
Q

Fine touch sensations from the mucosa covering the tip of the ____________ are conveyed to the central nervous system over the axons of the lingual nerve.

A

tongue

247
Q

Axons projecting to and from the hippocampus a structure critical to the formation of new memories traverse the _______________.

A

fornix

249
Q

The _________ nuclei of the thalamus are the specific relay nuclei for the motor system involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

A

VA/VL

250
Q

The tongue is derived from the first second third and fourth pharyngeal arches and _____________ from the occipital somites.

A

myoblasts

251
Q

The __________ muscle extends from vertebral body to vertebral body and functions in flexion of the neck.

A

longus colli

252
Q

The superior and inferior colliculi are located in the ___________ the dorsal aspect of the midbrain.

A

tectum

253
Q

The venous drainage of the scalp and the superior sagittal sinus are interconnected through a series of ____________veins.

A

emissary

254
Q

The sphenoid sinus typically drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess of the ___________.

A

nasal cavity

255
Q

_____________ clefts are covered by ectoderm and positioned between adjacent pharyngeal arches.

A

pharyngeal

256
Q

__________ ___________ and ___________ of the eye are all functions of the superior oblique muscle.

A

abduction depression intorsion

256
Q

The upper compartment of the TMJ is classified (synovial) as a gliding (plane) joint where as the lower compartment is a ______ joint.

A

hinge

257
Q

The longus colli muscle extends from vertebral body to vertebral body and functions in _________ of the neck.

A

flexion

257
Q

Proximal to the superior orbital fissure the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the ________ wall of the cavernous sinus.

A

lateral

259
Q

The stylopharyngeus muscle enters the _________ by passing between the superior and middle constrictor muscles.

A

pharynx

260
Q

The temporalis masseter and _______________ muscles all function to elevate (movement) the mandible.

A

medial pterygoid

261
Q

The ___________ ______ and __________ nerves all exit the posterior cranial fossa by traversing the jugular foramen.

A

glossopharyngeal vagus accessory

262
Q

The VA/VL nuclei of the __________ are the specific relay nuclei for the motor system involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

A

thalamus

263
Q

The amygdala a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of emotional responses is located in the ___________ aspect of the temporal lobe.

A

anterior-medial

264
Q

The ____________ aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine greater palatine anterior ethmoidal and facial arteries.

A

anterior inferior

266
Q

The thyroid gland initially develops as a diverticulum at ____________ a tongue structure.

A

foramen cecum

267
Q

Axons arising from the lateral geniculate nucleus project to the primary visual cortex of the _____________ lobe.

A

occipital

269
Q

The ophthalmic veins interconnect the venous drainage of the _____ and ______ with the cavernous sinus.

A

face orbit

270
Q

The parapharyngeal space is positioned between the medial pterygoid and the _______________.

A

superior constrictor

271
Q

Axons arising from the left pontine nuclei project to the cerebellar cortex by passing through the right middle _________________.

A

cerebellar peduncle

272
Q

The _________ nerve emerges from the medulla between the pyramid and the olive.

A

hypoglossal

273
Q

The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the ___________ greater palatine anterior ethmoidal and facial arteries.

A

sphenopalatine

275
Q

The __________ muscle enters the pharynx by passing between the superior and middle constrictor muscles.

A

stylopharyngeus

276
Q

The stapedius muscle attaches in part to the _________ (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve.

A

stapes

277
Q

___________________ are located in the CSF filled subarachnoid space.

A

superficial cerebral veins

278
Q

Superficial cerebral veins are located in the ____________ filled subarachnoid space.

A

CSF

279
Q

The corneal (blink) reflex tests the sensory function of the ______ cranial nerve and the motor function of the ________ cranial nerve.

A

Vth VIIth

281
Q

The ___________ masseter and medial pterygoid muscles all function to elevate (movement) the mandible.

A

temporalis

283
Q

The greater petrosal nerve is the parasympathetic root of the ___________ ganglion.

A

pterygopalatine

284
Q

Coordination of _________ responses is the function of the limbic circuit involving the amygdala whereas memory consolidation involves the hippocampus.

A

emotional

285
Q

The globus pallidus and _________ are positioned directly lateral to the internal capsule.

A

putamen

286
Q

The _____________ nucleus contains the neuronal cell bodies for some of the primary sensory afferents innervating temporalis muscle spindles.

A

mesencephalic trigeminal

287
Q

The ________________ nucleus is the thalamus relay nucleus for the auditory system.

A

medial geniculate

288
Q

The amygdala a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of emotional responses is located in the anterior-medial aspect of the ____________ lobe.

A

temporal

289
Q

The central lower lip drains directly into the _________ lymph nodes.

A

submental

291
Q

The __________ ligament of the spine may be torn during a severe hyperextension (movement) of the neck.

A

anterior longitudinal

292
Q

Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the limbic circuit involving the amygdala whereas __________ consolidation involves the hippocampus.

A

memory

293
Q

The __________ nerve a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve passes medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and posterior to the neck of the mandible.

A

auriculotemporal

294
Q

The thyrohyoid (geniohyoid) muscle functions to elevate the hyoid and larynx and is innervated by a branch of ____________.

A

ventral ramus C1

295
Q

The abducens nerve traverses the ___________ adjacent to the internal carotid artery.

A

cavernous sinus

296
Q

The stapedius muscle is a derivative of the second _____________.

A

pharyngeal arch

297
Q

The tectorial membrane is continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament of the _______________.

A

vertebral column

298
Q

Axons projecting from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex must pass through the __________.

A

internal capsule

299
Q

The laryngeal mucosa is inferior to the _________ and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

A

vocal folds

300
Q

The ophthalmic veins interconnect the venous drainage of the face and orbit with the ________________.

A

cavernous sinus