WE3 Flashcards
(300 cards)
1
Q
The ___________ is located in the cochlea of the inner ear.
A
organ of corti
1
Q
Axons arising from the ____________ nuclei project to the cerebellar cortex by passing through the right middle cerebellar peduncle.
A
left pontine
2
Q
The _______________ region of the cerebellum modulates motor movements of the trunk.
A
midline
3
Q
The __________ incisors are typically innervated by the anterior superior alveolar nerves.
A
upper
3
Q
The ____________ typically drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity.
A
sphenoid sinus
3
Q
The ___________ nerve innervates all the muscles of the palate except for the tensor palatini.
A
vagus
3
Q
The utricle is the most important end organ for our sense of ____________ acceleration.
A
linear horizontal
3
Q
The optic nerve contains the axons of the ganglion cells of the __________.
A
retina
4
Q
The ___________ muscle attaches in part to the stapes (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve.
A
stapedius
4
Q
The thyrohyoid (geniohyoid) muscle functions to _______ the hyoid and larynx and is innervated by a branch of ventral ramus C1.
A
elevate
4
Q
The vagus nerve innervates all the muscles of the ________ except for the tensor palatini.
A
palate
4
Q
Axons arising from the lateral geniculate nucleus project to the __________________ of the occipital lobe.
A
primary visual cortex
4
Q
The ___________ muscle is a derivative of the second pharyngeal arch.
A
stapedius
4
Q
The thyroid gland initially develops as a diverticulum at foramen cecum a _________ structure.
A
tongue
5
Q
The __________ and __________ communicate through the auditory tube.
A
nasal pharynx middle ear
6
Q
The gag reflex tests the ________ function of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the ________ function of the vagus nerve.
A
sensory motor
6
Q
The stylopharyngeus muscle enters the pharynx by passing between the _______ and ________ constrictor muscles.
A
superior middle
6
Q
The ___________ veins interconnect the venous drainage of the face and orbit with the cavernous sinus.
A
ophthalmic
6
Q
The pupillary reflex tests the parasympathetic motor function of the _______ cranial nerve.
A
IIIrd
6
Q
The VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus are the specific relay nuclei for the motor system involving the __________ and _____________.
A
cerebellum basal ganglia
6
Q
The maxilla forms from fusion of the ___________________ and distal zones of the paired maxillary processes.
A
bilateral medial nasal processes
7
Q
__________ sensations from the mucosa covering the tip of the tongue are conveyed to the central nervous system over the axons of the lingual nerve.
A
fine touch
8
Q
The ______________ are derived from the first (mandibular) pharyngeal (branchial) arch.
A
muscles of mastication
8
Q
The first ______________ positioned adjacent to the 2nd pharyngeal cleft contributes to the formation of the external ear.
A
pharyngeal cleft
9
The auriculotemporal nerve a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve passes ________ to the lateral pterygoid muscle and ________ to the neck of the mandible.
medial posterior
9
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is the only _____________ (movement) of the vocal folds.
abductor
9
somatosensory system.
VPM
10
The laryngeal mucosa is inferior to the vocal folds is innervated by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
laryngeal nerve
11
The upper molars and their associated buccal mucosa are innervated by the ______ nerves.
PSA
11
The _________ is derived from the first second third and fourth pharyngeal arches and myoblasts from the occipital somites.
tongue
13
The _____________ muscle is the only abductor (movement) of the vocal folds.
posterior cricoarytenoid
14
The output of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by inhibition of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
thalamus
15
The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is the region of the pituitary gland that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the hypothalamus that secrete _____________ or _____________ into the bloodstream.
oxytocin vasopressin
16
The ____________ reflex tests the sensory function of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the motor function of the vagus nerve.
gag
16
The ___________ dural venous sinus is positioned along the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli.
transverse
16
The posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle function in _______ of the mandible.
retrusion
16
The stapedius muscle is a derivative of the _________ pharyngeal arch.
second
17
The frontal lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the ____________ superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.
superior orbital fissure
17
The occipital nodes typically receive the direct lymphatic drainage of the skin overlying the ___________ of the trapezius muscle.
superior attatchment
17
The organ of corti is located in the ____________ of the inner ear.
cochlea
19
The nerve of the pterygoid canal enters the _______________ fossa by traversing the pterygoid canal.
pterygopalatine fossa
20
As it emerges from the ___________ the oculomotor nerve typically passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries.
interpenduncular fossa
20
The superior and inferior colliculi are located in the tectum the __________ aspect of the midbrain.
dorsal
20
The malleus and incus (ossicles) are both derivatives of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
pharyngeal arch
21
The cell bodies of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervating the parotid gland are located in the _______ ganglion.
otic
22
The temporalis masseter and medial pterygoid muscles all function to _____________ (movement) the mandible.
elevate
22
The __________ and ___________ nerves innervate the mucosa of the hard palate.
greater palatine nasopalatine
22
The crista ampullaris is a receptor structure located in the semicircular canals of the __________ portion of the temporal bone.
petrous
23
The inferior alveolar artery is typically a direct branch of the _________ artery.
maxillary
23
The ______________ and thymus are derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch.
parathyroid glands
24
The transverse _______________ is positioned along the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli.
dural venous sinus
24
The zygomatic arch and the ____________ form the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa.
ramus of the mandible
25
The temporalis masseter and medial pterygoid muscles all function to elevate (movement) the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
mandible
25
The majority of the commissural axons passing from one cerebral hemisphere to the contralateral cerebral hemisphere pass through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
corpus callosum
25
The primary motor cortex is located in the __________ gyrus of the frontal lobe.
precentral
25
Pharyngeal ____________ are covered by ectoderm and positioned between adjacent pharyngeal arches.
clefts
26
The gag reflex tests the sensory function of the __________ nerve and the motor function of the _________ nerve.
glossopharyngeal vagus
26
The _______________ is located in the temporal lobe.
primary auditory cortex
27
The frontal lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
annular (common tendinous) ring
29
The majority of the commissural axons passing from one cerebral hemisphere to the __________ cerebral hemisphere pass through the corpus callosum.
contralateral
30
The posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle function in retrusion of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
mandible
31
The __________ nodes typically receive the direct lymphatic drainage of the skin overlying the superior attachment of the trapezius muscle.
occipital
32
The parathyroid glands and _____________ are derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch.
thymus
33
As it emerges from the interpeduncular fossa the __________ nerve typically passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries.
oculomotor
34
The primary afferent neuron (cell body) for ___________ sensation is located in the spiral ganglion.
auditory
35
The pupillary reflex tests the _______________ function of the IIIrd cranial nerve.
parasympathetic motor
36
The upper compartment of the TMJ is classified (synovial) as a ______________ joint where as the lower compartment is a hinge joint.
gliding (plane)
37
The _________ lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.
frontal
37
The _________ of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by inhibition of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.
output
39
The posterior division of the retromandibular and the posterior auricular vein are the two primary tributaries of the ________________ vein.
external jugular
39
The reticular activating system is located in the _____________ a major brain subdivision.
brainstem
41
The _______________ is positioned between the medial pterygoid and the superior constrictor.
parapharyngeal space
42
The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the medulla between the _______ and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
pyramid olive
42
Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the ___________ circuit involving the amygdala whereas memory consolidation involves the hippocampus.
limbic
43
The branches of the middle meningeal artery are typically positioned _______ to the pterion.
medial
43
The first pharyngeal cleft positioned adjacent to the 2nd pharyngeal cleft contributes to the formation of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
external ear
44
The posterior division of the ____________ and the posterior auricular vein are the two primary tributaries of the external jugular vein.
retromandibular
44
The medial geniculate nucleus is the thalamus relay nucleus for the ____________ system.
auditory
44
The tongue is derived from the _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ __________ and __________ pharyngeal arches and myoblasts from the occipital somites.
first second third fourth
45
The inferior alveolar nerve provides ________ innervation to the molars of the lower jaw.
sensory
45
The cell bodies of the second order neurons of the __________ pathway for the head are located in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.
pain and temperature
46
The cell bodies of the second order neurons of the pain and temperature pathway for the head are located in the _________ nucleus.
trigeminal
47
The superior oblique muscle of the eye receives its _________ innervation from branches of the ophthalmic nerve.
sensory
47
The vagus nerve innervates all the muscles of the palate except for the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
tensor palatini
47
The ___________________ is the region of the pituitary gland that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the hypothalamus that secrete oxytocin or vasopressin into the bloodstream.
neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)
48
The longus colli muscle extends from ___________ to _________ and functions in flexion of the neck.
vertebral body vertebral body
49
The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine greater palatine anterior ethmoidal and _________ arteries.
facial
51
The cell bodies of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervating the ________ gland are located in the otic ganglion.
parotid
51
The output of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by ___________ of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.
inhibition
53
The primary afferent neuron (cell body) for auditory sensation is located in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
spiral ganglion
54
The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine ______________ anterior ethmoidal and facial arteries.
greater palatine
54
The _________________ is located in the brainstem a major brain subdivision.
reticular activating system
55
The nasal pharynx and middle ear communicate through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
auditory tube
57
The lingual nerve innervates the mucosa overlying the ___________ of the oral cavity.
floor
59
The _________ and the ramus of the mandible form the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa.
zygomatic arch
60
Axons projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus pass through the _________ cerebellar peduncle.
superior
61
The __________ forms from fusion of the bilateral medial nasal processes and distal zones of the paired maxillary processes.
maxilla
62
The cell bodies of the ________ neurons of the pain and temperature pathway for the head are located in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.
second order
63
The occipital nodes typically receive the direct lymphatic drainage of the skin overlying the superior attachment of the _________ muscle.
trapezius
64
The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is the region of the pituitary gland that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the _____________ that secrete oxytocin or vasopressin into the bloodstream.
hypothalamus
66
The hypothalamus a brain structure involved in the regulation of body weight sleep and sexual behavior is a subdivision of the _________________ (region of the brain).
diencephalon
67
The _____________ of the scalp and the superior sagittal sinus are interconnected through a series of emissary veins.
venous drainage
68
Superficial cerebral veins are located in the CSF filled \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
subarachnoid space
68
The _____________ a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of emotional responses is located in the anterior-medial aspect of the temporal lobe.
amygdala
69
The __________ and putamen are positioned directly lateral to the internal capsule.
globus pallidus
70
Axons projecting from the inferior olive to the cerebellar cortex pass through the _____________ cerebellar peduncle.
inferior
71
The midline region of the cerebellum modulates ________ movements of the trunk.
motor
72
The facial nerve is closely associated with the posterior wall of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
middle ear
73
The globus pallidus and putamen are positioned directly _________ to the internal capsule.
lateral
75
Axons projecting to and from the hippocampus a structure critical to the formation of _____________ traverse the fornix.
new memories
76
The majority of the _____________ axons passing from one cerebral hemisphere to the contralateral cerebral hemisphere pass through the corpus callosum.
commissural
77
The ___________ reflex tests the sensory function of the Vth cranial nerve and the motor function of the VIIth cranial nerve.
corneal (blink)
78
Axons projecting from the ___________ to the thalamus pass through the superior cerebellar peduncle.
deep cerebellar nuclei
79
The superior and inferior colliculi are located in the tectum the dorsal aspect of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
midbrain
80
The posterior division of the retromandibular and the ____________ vein are the two primary tributaries of the external jugular vein.
posterior auricular
82
The posterior fibers of the __________ muscle function in retrusion of the mandible.
temporalis
84
As it emerges from the interpeduncular fossa the oculomotor nerve typically passes between the ___________ and _____________ arteries.
posterior cerebral superior cerebral
85
The __________ is the parasympathetic root of the pterygopalatine ganglion.
greater petrosal nerve
86
The lingual nerve innervates the mucosa overlying the floor of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
oral cavity
88
The ____________ nerve traverses the cavernous sinus adjacent to the _________ artery.
abducens internal carotid artery
88
The crista ampullaris is a receptor structure located in the ____________ of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
semicircular canals
89
The upper molars and their associated ________ mucosa are innervated by the PSA nerves.
buccal
91
Axons projecting from the thalamus to the ___________ must pass through the internal capsule.
cerebral cortex
91
The output of the globus pallidus controls _________ movements by inhibition of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.
motor
91
The levator palatini muscle is a derivative of the _________ pharyngeal arch.
fourth
92
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the tongue is a function of the genioglossus muscle.
protrusion
92
The muscles of mastication are derived from the first (mandibular) ____________ arch.
pharyngeal (brachial)
93
The _______ nerve is closely associated with the posterior wall of the middle ear.
facial
95
The _____________ is a receptor structure located in the semicircular canals of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
crista ampullaris
97
The globus pallidus and putamen are positioned directly lateral to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
internal capusle
99
The upper incisors are typically innervated by the ________________ nerves.
anterior superior alveolar
99
Pharyngeal clefts are covered by ectoderm and positioned between adjacent \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
pharyngeal arches
100
The branches of the ____________ artery are typically positioned medial to the pterion.
middle meningeal
102
The _____________________ function during the side-to-side grinding motion of the mandible.
medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
103
The ____________ artery is typically a direct branch of the maxillary artery.
inferior alveolar
103
The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is the region of the ____________ that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the hypothalamus that secrete oxytocin or vasopressin into the bloodstream.
pituitary gland
103
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hematomas are typically associated with a laceration of one or more of the meningeal arteries whereas subdural hematomas are associated with tears of the _____________ veins.
epidural superficial cerebral
105
Pharyngeal clefts are covered by ___________ and positioned between adjacent pharyngeal arches.
ectoderm
107
The anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine may be torn during a severe hyperextension (movement) of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
neck
108
The temporalis ___________ and medial pterygoid muscles all function to elevate (movement) the mandible.
masseter
110
The transverse dural venous sinus is positioned along the attached margin of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
tentorium cerebelli
110
The ____________ initially develops as a diverticulum at foramen cecum a tongue structure.
thyroid gland
112
The _______ nerve innervates the mucosa overlying the floor of the oral cavity.
lingual
113
The VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus are the specific relay nuclei for the ____________ system involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
motor
114
The tectorial membrane is continuous with the ___________ ligament of the vertebral column.
posterior longitudinal
115
Axons arising from the left pontine nuclei project to the cerebellar cortex by passing through the _____________ cerebellar peduncle.
right middle
117
The mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric are both derived from the ___________ pharyngeal arch.
first
118
The frontal ________ and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.
lacrimal
119
The parathyroid glands and thymus are derivatives of the _______ pharyngeal pouch.
third
120
Protrusion of the ______________ is a function of the genioglossus muscle.
tongue
121
The VPM nucleus of the __________ is the specific relay nucleus for the trigeminal somatosensory system.
thalamus
123
Fine touch sensations from the mucosa covering the tip of the tongue are conveyed to the central nervous system over the axons of the _________ nerve.
lingual
124
The muscles of mastication are derived from the _________ pharyngeal (branchial) arch.
first (mandibular)
126
The mylohyoid muscle forms the floor of the _________ cavity.
oral
127
The _____________ with its associated tympanic plexus is located in the medial wall of the middle ear.
promontory
128
The _________ lip drains directly into the submental lymph nodes.
central lower
130
The inferior alveolar nerve provides sensory innervation to the _____ of the lower jaw.
molars
132
The ____________________ are located in the tectum the dorsal aspect of the midbrain.
superior and inferior colliculi
134
The auriculotemporal nerve a sensory branch of the ________ nerve passes medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and posterior to the neck of the mandible.
mandibular
134
Axons projecting from the __________ to the cerebellar cortex pass through the inferior cerebellar peduncle.
inferior olive
135
Abduction depression and intorsion of the eye are all functions of the _____________ muscle.
superior oblique
135
The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the ____________ between the pyramid and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
medulla olive
136
The _______ is the most important end organ for our sense of linear horizontal acceleration.
utricle
136
The medial geniculate nucleus is the __________ relay nucleus for the auditory system.
thalamus
137
Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the limbic circuit involving the _______________ whereas memory consolidation involves the hippocampus.
amygdala
138
The frontal lacrimal and ________ nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.
trochlear
139
The __________ and ____________ (ossicles) are both derivatives of the pharyngeal arch.
malleus incus
141
The laryngeal mucosa is __________ to the vocal folds and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
inferior
142
The sphenoid sinus typically drains into the _________ of the nasal cavity.
sphenoethmoidal recess
143
The facial nerve is closely associated with the __________ wall of the middle ear.
posterior
145
Most of the brainstem lower motor neurons receive bilateral corticobulbar afferents. Which cranial nerve nucleus (or subdivision) receives only contralateral corticobulbar afferents?
Lower facial nucleus
147
Proximal to the ________________ the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus.
superior orbital fissure
148
Proximal to the superior orbital fissure the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the ________ sinus.
cavernous
149
The auriculotemporal nerve a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve passes medial to the _________________ and posterior to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
lateral pterygoid muscle neck of the mandible
150
The tongue is derived from the first second third and fourth pharyngeal arches and myoblasts from the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
occipital somites
151
The _____________ is formed by the fusion of the right and left palatine shelves.
secondary palate
153
The __________________ is located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
primary motor cortex
154
The _____________ is continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column.
tectorial membrane
156
The meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve re-enters the skull by traversing the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
foramen spinosum
157
The midline region of the ___________ modulates motor movements of the trunk.
cerebellum
158
The parapharyngeal space is positioned between the __________ and the superior constrictor.
medial pterygoid
160
The mylohyoid and ________________ are both derived from the first pharyngeal arch.
anterior belly of the digastric
161
The __________ of the temporalis muscle function in retrusion of the mandible.
posterior fibers
163
The promontory with its associated ___________ is located in the medial wall of the middle ear.
tympanic plexus
165
The _________________ enters the pterygopalatine fossa by traversing the pterygoid canal.
nerve of the pterygoid canal
166
Axons projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the _________ pass through the superior cerebellar peduncle.
thalamus
167
Axons projecting from the inferior olive to the _____________ pass through the inferior cerebellar peduncle.
cerebellar cortex
168
The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the __________ lobe.
frontal
169
The greater petrosal nerve is the ________________ root of the pterygopalatine ganglion.
parasympathetic
170
The maxilla forms from fusion of the bilateral medial nasal processes and distal zones of the paired \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
maxillary processes
171
The ___________________ for auditory sensation is located in the spiral ganglion.
primary afferent neuron (cell body)
173
Axons arising from the _____________ nucleus project to the primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe.
lateral geniculate
174
The corneal (blink) reflex tests the ___________ function of the Vth cranial nerve and the __________ function of the VIIth cranial nerve.
sensory motor
175
The stapedius muscle attaches in part to the stapes (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the _________ nerve.
facial
176
The branches of the middle meningeal artery are typically positioned medial to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
pterion
177
The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus contains the neuronal cell bodies for some of the primary sensory afferents innervating ___________ muscle spindles.
temporalis
178
The anterior inferior aspect of the __________ typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine greater palatine anterior ethmoidal and facial arteries.
nasal septum
180
The _____________ muscle is a derivative of the fourth pharyngeal arch.
levator palatini
181
Protrusion of the tongue is a function of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
genioglossus muscle
183
The optic nerve contains the axons of the _________ cells of the retina.
ganglion
184
The glossopharyngeal vagus and accessory nerves all exit the ___________ fossa by traversing the __________ foramen.
posterior cranial jugular
185
The ________ muscle forms the floor of the oral cavity.
mylohyoid
186
The ___________ reflex tests the parasympathetic motor function of the IIIrd cranial nerve.
pupillary
187
The auriculotemporal nerve a ________ branch of the mandibular nerve passes medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and posterior to the neck of the mandible.
sensory
189
The crista ampullaris is a receptor structure located in the semicircular canals of the petrous portion of the __________ bone.
temporal
190
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is the only abductor (movement) of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
vocal folds
191
The _____________ a brain structure involved in the regulation of body weight sleep and sexual behavior is a subdivision of the diencephalon (region of the brain).
hypothalamus
192
The promontory with its associated tympanic plexus is located in the _______ wall of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
medial middle ear
193
Epidural hematomas are typically associated with a laceration of one or more of the ____________ arteries whereas _______________ hematomas are associated with tears of the superficial cerebral veins.
meningeal subdural
194
The venous drainage of the ________ and the ___________________ are interconnected through a series of emissary veins.
scalp superior sagittal sinus
196
The _____________ is inferior to the vocal folds and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
laryngeal mucosa
197
The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles function during the side-to-side grinding motion of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
mandible
199
The first pharyngeal cleft positioned adjacent to the _________ pharyngeal cleft contributes to the formation of the external ear.
second
200
The nerve of the pterygoid canal enters the pterygopalatine fossa by traversing the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
pterygoid canal
200
The cell bodies of the _________________ neurons innervating the parotid gland are located in the otic ganglion.
postganglionic parasympathetic
202
Axons arising from the left pontine nuclei project to the ______________ by passing through the right middle cerebellar peduncle.
cerebellar cortex
204
The output of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by inhibition of the _____________ (VA/VL) of the thalamus.
motor nuclei
206
The ___________ and their associated buccal mucosa are innervated by the PSA nerves.
upper molars
207
The __________ nerve provides sensory innervation to the molars of the lower jaw.
inferior alveolar
207
Axons projecting from the __________ to the cerebral cortex must pass through the internal capsule.
thalamus
208
The ____________ nerve contains the axons of the ganglion cells of the retina.
optic
209
The thyroid gland initially develops as a ______________ at foramen cecum a tongue structure.
diverticulum
210
The superior oblique muscle of the eye receives its sensory innervation from branches of the ___________ nerve.
ophthalmic
211
The utricle is the most important end organ for our sense of linear horizontal \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
acceleration
212
The ___________ muscle of the eye receives its sensory innervation from branches of the ophthalmic nerve.
superior oblique
213
The output of the _____________ controls motor movements by inhibition of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.
globus pallidus
215
Axons projecting to and from the _____________ a structure critical to the formation of new memories traverse the fornix.
hippocampus
217
The midline region of the cerebellum modulates motor movements of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
trunk
218
The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus contains the neuronal cell bodies for some of the ____________ innervating temporalis muscle spindles.
primary sensory afferents
219
The ___________ muscle functions to elevate the hyoid and larynx and is innervated by a branch of ventral ramus C1.
thyrohyoid (geniohyoid)
220
The ____________ and anterior belly of the digastric are both derived from the first pharyngeal arch.
mylohyoid
221
The tongue is derived from the first second third and fourth ___________ and myoblasts from the occipital somites.
pharyngeal arches
222
The primary auditory cortex is located in the __________ lobe.
temporal
223
The stylopharyngeus muscle enters the pharynx by passing between the superior and middle \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
constrictor muscles
225
The longus colli muscle extends from vertebral body to vertebral body and functions in flexion of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
neck
227
The maxilla forms from fusion of the bilateral medial nasal processes and ____________ of the paired maxillary processes.
distal zones
228
The zygomatic arch and the ramus of the mandible form the lateral boundary of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
infratemporal fossa
229
The secondary palate is formed by the fusion of the right and left __________ shelves.
palatine
230
Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the limbic circuit involving the amygdala whereas memory consolidation involves the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
hippocampus
231
The levator palatini muscle is a derivative of the fourth \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
pharyngeal arch
233
Proximal to the superior orbital fissure the __________ and __________ nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus.
oculomotor trochlear
234
The ________ branch of the mandibular nerve re-enters the skull by traversing the foramen spinosum.
meningeal
235
The mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric are both derived from the first \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
pharyngeal arch
236
The meningeal branch of the _______________ re-enters the skull by traversing the foramen spinosum.
mandibular nerve
237
somatosensory system.
trigeminal
238
The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine greater palatine ______________ and facial arteries.
anterior ethmoidal
239
The zygomatic arch and the ramus of the mandible form the ______ boundary of the infratemporal fossa.
lateral
241
The greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves innervate the mucosa of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
hard palate
242
The anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine may be torn during a severe ___________ (movement) of the neck.
hyperextension
243
The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles function during the _____________ motion of the mandible.
side-to-side grinding
245
The amygdala a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of ____________ responses is located in the anterior-medial aspect of the temporal lobe.
emotional
246
Fine touch sensations from the mucosa covering the tip of the ____________ are conveyed to the central nervous system over the axons of the lingual nerve.
tongue
247
Axons projecting to and from the hippocampus a structure critical to the formation of new memories traverse the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
fornix
249
The _________ nuclei of the thalamus are the specific relay nuclei for the motor system involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
VA/VL
250
The tongue is derived from the first second third and fourth pharyngeal arches and _____________ from the occipital somites.
myoblasts
251
The __________ muscle extends from vertebral body to vertebral body and functions in flexion of the neck.
longus colli
252
The superior and inferior colliculi are located in the ___________ the dorsal aspect of the midbrain.
tectum
253
The venous drainage of the scalp and the superior sagittal sinus are interconnected through a series of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_veins.
emissary
254
The sphenoid sinus typically drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
nasal cavity
255
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ clefts are covered by ectoderm and positioned between adjacent pharyngeal arches.
pharyngeal
256
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ___________ and ___________ of the eye are all functions of the superior oblique muscle.
abduction depression intorsion
256
The upper compartment of the TMJ is classified (synovial) as a gliding (plane) joint where as the lower compartment is a ______ joint.
hinge
257
The longus colli muscle extends from vertebral body to vertebral body and functions in _________ of the neck.
flexion
257
Proximal to the superior orbital fissure the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the ________ wall of the cavernous sinus.
lateral
259
The stylopharyngeus muscle enters the _________ by passing between the superior and middle constrictor muscles.
pharynx
260
The temporalis masseter and _______________ muscles all function to elevate (movement) the mandible.
medial pterygoid
261
The ___________ \_\_\_\_\_\_ and __________ nerves all exit the posterior cranial fossa by traversing the jugular foramen.
glossopharyngeal vagus accessory
262
The VA/VL nuclei of the __________ are the specific relay nuclei for the motor system involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
thalamus
263
The amygdala a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of emotional responses is located in the ___________ aspect of the temporal lobe.
anterior-medial
264
The ____________ aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine greater palatine anterior ethmoidal and facial arteries.
anterior inferior
266
The thyroid gland initially develops as a diverticulum at ____________ a tongue structure.
foramen cecum
267
Axons arising from the lateral geniculate nucleus project to the primary visual cortex of the _____________ lobe.
occipital
269
The ophthalmic veins interconnect the venous drainage of the _____ and ______ with the cavernous sinus.
face orbit
270
The parapharyngeal space is positioned between the medial pterygoid and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
superior constrictor
271
Axons arising from the left pontine nuclei project to the cerebellar cortex by passing through the right middle \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
cerebellar peduncle
272
The _________ nerve emerges from the medulla between the pyramid and the olive.
hypoglossal
273
The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the ___________ greater palatine anterior ethmoidal and facial arteries.
sphenopalatine
275
The __________ muscle enters the pharynx by passing between the superior and middle constrictor muscles.
stylopharyngeus
276
The stapedius muscle attaches in part to the _________ (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve.
stapes
277
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are located in the CSF filled subarachnoid space.
superficial cerebral veins
278
Superficial cerebral veins are located in the ____________ filled subarachnoid space.
CSF
279
The corneal (blink) reflex tests the sensory function of the ______ cranial nerve and the motor function of the ________ cranial nerve.
Vth VIIth
281
The ___________ masseter and medial pterygoid muscles all function to elevate (movement) the mandible.
temporalis
283
The greater petrosal nerve is the parasympathetic root of the ___________ ganglion.
pterygopalatine
284
Coordination of _________ responses is the function of the limbic circuit involving the amygdala whereas memory consolidation involves the hippocampus.
emotional
285
The globus pallidus and _________ are positioned directly lateral to the internal capsule.
putamen
286
The _____________ nucleus contains the neuronal cell bodies for some of the primary sensory afferents innervating temporalis muscle spindles.
mesencephalic trigeminal
287
The ________________ nucleus is the thalamus relay nucleus for the auditory system.
medial geniculate
288
The amygdala a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of emotional responses is located in the anterior-medial aspect of the ____________ lobe.
temporal
289
The central lower lip drains directly into the _________ lymph nodes.
submental
291
The __________ ligament of the spine may be torn during a severe hyperextension (movement) of the neck.
anterior longitudinal
292
Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the limbic circuit involving the amygdala whereas __________ consolidation involves the hippocampus.
memory
293
The __________ nerve a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve passes medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and posterior to the neck of the mandible.
auriculotemporal
294
The thyrohyoid (geniohyoid) muscle functions to elevate the hyoid and larynx and is innervated by a branch of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
ventral ramus C1
295
The abducens nerve traverses the ___________ adjacent to the internal carotid artery.
cavernous sinus
296
The stapedius muscle is a derivative of the second \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
pharyngeal arch
297
The tectorial membrane is continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
vertebral column
298
Axons projecting from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex must pass through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
internal capsule
299
The laryngeal mucosa is inferior to the _________ and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
vocal folds
300
The ophthalmic veins interconnect the venous drainage of the face and orbit with the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
cavernous sinus
