Weaker Areas Flashcards
(31 cards)
Non fluent aphasias
Good comp: Brocas and transcortical motor
Poor comp: mixed non fluent and global
Fluent aphasias
Good comp: conduction and anomic
Poor comp: wernickes and transcortical sensory
Brocas aphasia
Bromann’s areas 44 and 45
Good comp
Can’t repeat words/sentences
Misarticulations/distorted speech sounds
Agrammatic/telegraphic speech
Transcortical motor aphasia
Lesions in anterior superior frontal lobe usually above or below Broca’s area
Good comp
Can repeat words/sents
Paraphasic, agrammatic/telegraphic
Mixed non fluent aphasia
Poor comp
Some spontaneous speech
Echolalia
Impaired fluency
Global aphasia
Lesions affecting all Lang areas
Little to no comp or expression
Most severe aphasia
Perseveration
Conduction aphasia
Very rare; lesions between Brocas and wernickes areas
Good comp, fluent
Many phonemic paraphasias
Word finding problems
Missing content words
Good syntax, prosody, and artic
Wernickes aphasia
Fluent, poor comp
Can’t repeat words/sents
Rapid rate with normal prosody and good artic
Severe word finding issues
Semantic and literal paraphasias
Circumlocutions
Transcortical sensory aphasia
Lesions in temporoparietal region
Poor comp, fluent
Normal phrase length, prosody, artic, grammar and syntax
Good repetition
Severe naming problems
Dysarthrias definition
Neuro based speech disorders c/b abnormal strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, and movement accuracy in speech production
Causes of the dysarthrias
Nonprogressive neuro conditions (stroke, infections)
Degenerative neuro diseases (als, Parkinson’s)
Neurotraumatic causes
Infectious diseases (aids)
Toxic metabolic causes (botulism)
Lesion sites for dysarthrias
LMN
Unilateral or bilateral UMN
Cerebellum
Basal ganglia
Some body issues related to dysarthria
Muscle weakness
Spasticity
Incoordination
Rigidity
Movement disorders
Movement disorder symptoms
Reduced/variable range and speed of movement
Involuntary movements
Reduced strength of movement
Unsteady/inaccurate movement
Abnormal tone (increased, decreased, or variable)
Dysarthria types
Flaccid
Spastic
Ataxic
Hypokinetic
Unilateral upper motor neuron
Hyperkinetic
Mixed
Flaccid dysarthria
LMN damage
Weakness, fasciculations, reduced reflexes, reduced tone
Hypernasality, breathiness, nasal emission, short phrases, imprecise artic
Spastic dysarthria
Bilateral UMN
Weakness, spasticity
Imprecise consonants, harshness, low pitch, slow rate, strained strangled quality, short phrases, pitch breaks
Ataxic dysarthria
Cerebellum damage
Incoordination, reduced tone, jerkiness
Drunk speech, excess and equal stress, irregular artic breakdowns, distorted vowels, prolonged phonemes, excess loudness variations
Hypokinetic dysarthria
Basal ganglia damage
Usually with Parkinson’s, rigidity, masked face
Monopitch, reduced stress, monoloudness, short rushes of speech, variable/increased rate, repeated phonemes, swallowing problems
Hyperkinetic dysarthria
Basal ganglia damage
Involuntary movements
Strained strangled voice, chorea, loudness variation
Unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria
UUMN, frontal lobe (motor strip)
Hemiparesis, unilateral lingual weakness and central facial weakness
Imprecise artic, slow rate, slow/irregular alternating motion rates, harsh/hoarse, sometimes reduced loudness,
2 common Mixed dysarthrias
Flaccid-spastic
Ataxic-spastic
Flaccid-spastic dysarthria
Associated with ALS
Imprecise consonants
Hypernasality
Harshness, breathiness
Slow rate
Monopitch, monoloudness
Short phrases, prolonged intervals
Ataxic-spastic dysarthria
Associated with MS
Impaired loudness control
Harshness, breathiness
Imprecise artic
Impaired emphasis
Hypernasality
Inappropriate pitch levels
Decreased vital capacity
Sudden artic breakdowns
