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Weather Hazards And Climate Change Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What is global atmospheric circulation?

A

Air currents in the atmosphere which are used to help explain weather patterns

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2
Q

What conditions cause tropical storms?

A
  • Low latitudes
  • Temp of ocean above 27
  • Low wind shear
  • Summer and autumn
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3
Q

How is climate change expected to affect tropical storms?

A
  • more topical storms expected in south Atlantic
  • frequency stay the same, but category 4 + 5 increase
  • increase in intesity, every 1 degree increase in surface sea temp is 3-5% wind speed increase
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4
Q

When did typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines?

A

8th November 2013

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5
Q

What category was typhoon haiyan?

A

Category 5

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6
Q

What were the primary effects of typhoon haiyan?

A

Social - 4.1 million homeless
Economic - $12 billion worth of damage
Environmental - 1.1 million tonnes of crops destroyed

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7
Q

What were the secondary effects of typhoon haiyan?

A

Social - infection and disease spread due to contaminated water
Economic - by 2014 rice prices had risen by 12%
Environmental - flooding caused land slides

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8
Q

What were the immediate responses to typhoon haiyan?

A
  • 800,000 people evacuated by authorities
  • emergency aid supplied by plane 3 days later
  • 1 million food packs supplied in 2 weeks
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9
Q

What were the long term responses to typhoon haiyan?

A
  • Oxfam replaced fish in boats
  • more cyclone shelters
  • ‘no build zone’, no homes were rebuilt in areas that were at risk from flooding
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10
Q

What type of pressure is rain created in?

A

Low

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11
Q

What are the cells called on the global atmospheric circulation model?

A

Polar
Ferrel
Hadley
Hadley
Ferrel
Polar

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12
Q

Where are hurricanes?

A

Atlantic Ocean

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13
Q

Where are cyclones?

A

Indian Ocean

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14
Q

Where are typhoons?

A

Pacific ocean

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15
Q

What is a primary effect?

A

The initial impact of a natural event on people or property

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16
Q

What is a secondary effect?

A

The after effects that occur as an indirect impact of a natural event

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17
Q

What are some examples of immediate responses to tropical storms?

A
  • people are evacuated
  • temporary shelters are set up for people made homeless
  • provide water and food for people
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18
Q

What are some examples of long term responses to tropical storms?

A
  • repair and rebuild properties
  • rehouse people
  • improve forecasting and early warning systems
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19
Q

How many people were affected by typhoon Haiyan?

20
Q

How many people were killed in Tanoa?

21
Q

What year was the beast from the east?

22
Q

What caused the beast from the east?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • northern polar jet stream changed direction
  • caused by a jump in temperatures above the artic (sudden stratospheric warming)
  • uks normally westerly winds turned easterly
  • air picked up moisture over the sea bringing snow
  • storm Emma then arrived bringing more snow
23
Q

What were some of the primary effects of the beast from the east?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • up to 50cm snow in Dartmoor and exmoor
  • coastlines issued with flood warnings
  • gusts up to 60-70mph
24
Q

What were some of the secondary impacts of the beast from the east?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • BA cancelled hundreds of flights from Heathrow
  • thousands of schools closed
  • many lorries jack knifed
  • a baby was born on the road
25
What were the responses to the beast from the east?
- gritters and snow ploughs sent out - red warnings issued - army and Royal Air Force personnel called to help move health workers through blocked roads
26
What are some techniques which show evidence for climate change?
- ice cores - pollen analysis - tree rings - instrumental record - sea level rise
27
What are sun spots and how can they cause climate change?
They are areas of more intense energy on the sun, which causes the earth to temporarily warm
28
What are milankovitch cycles?
- axial tilt - precession (wobble of the earth) - eccentricity (circular to rugby ball shape)
29
How can volcanic activity cause climate change?
- ash clouds can black out the sun, reducing the temperature on earth for a short time - fine droplets form acid which act like tiny mirrors reflecting radiation from the sun, this is a long term impact
30
How does combustion of fossil fuels cause climate change?
- creates the enhanced greenhouse effect, which is were the natural layer of greenhouse gases is thicker, meaning more heat is reflected back to earth
31
How is changing agriculture causing climate change?
- produces 20% of greenhouse gases - methane and carbon dioxide released
32
How does deforestation lead to climate change?
- trees are a carbon sink, so removing them means less carbon stores - this leads to the enhanced greenhouse effect
33
What are some social impacts of climate change?
- ski resorts will suffer from a lack of snow - increased pressure on water sources - greater risk of flooding
34
What are some environmental issues caused by climate change?
- loss of sea ice in polar regions means a loss of wildlife - coral reefs could be destroyed - biodiversity reduced
35
How does carbon capture work?
- capture CO2 at emission sources and then store or bury in a suitable location
36
How does planting trees help?
They act as a carbon sink
37
What is alternative energy production?
Renewable energy sources reduce greenhouse gas emissions
38
How has renewable energy sources increased in the uk?
10.7% in 2014 to 39.5% in 2023
39
How can we manage water supply?
- reservoirs and dams
40
What are changes in agricultural systems?
Changing levels in rainfall and higher temperatures Farmers can change crops which are more suited to new conditions
41
How do you reduce risk from rising sea levels?
Construct defences such as walls Raise properties on stilts Relocate people at risk
42
What is mitigation?
Reducing the impacts of climate change
43
What is adaptation?
Strategies to respond to new conditions created by climate change
44
What are some mitigation examples?
Alternative energy production Carbon capture Planting trees COP
45
What are some adaptation examples?
Change in agricultural systems Managing water supply Reducing risk from rising sea levels

Geography (12 decks)

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