Glacial Landscapes

Question 1

When was the last ice age and how thick was the ice?

Answer 1

22,000 years ago
3km

Question 2

What is an interglacial period?

Answer 2

A period marked by the retreat of ice to higher altitude when temperatures are warmer for a longer period of time

Question 3

What are milankovitch cycles?

Answer 3

Eccentricity - earth moving away/towards the sun (extreme 100,000 years)
Obliguity - degree of tilt towards the sun (every 41,000 years)
Procession - the wobble (every 23,000 years)

Question 4

How do glaciers form?

Answer 4

• snow remains in the same area for years and slowly transforms into ice
• new layers of snow bury the previous ones
• compression forces the snow to recrystallise
• these grains grow larger and d the air pockets get smaller, so density increases
• this snow turns into firn/neve after roughly two winters
• this takes over 100 years after this

Question 5

What is weathering?

Answer 5

Breakdown of rocks in situ

Question 6

What is plucking?

Answer 6

Where the glacier moves over an area of rock, freezes and rips it when the glacier continues to move forward

Question 7

What is abrasion?

Answer 7

Where the rocks at the bottom of the glacier act like sandpaper - can cause striations

Question 8

What are striations?

Answer 8

Sharp grooves in the rocks

Question 9

What are the three transport processes in glaciers?

Answer 9

Subgalcial
Englacial
Supraglacial

Question 10

What is subgalcial material?

Answer 10

Material carried underneath the ice

Question 11

What is englacial material?

Answer 11

Material transported inside the ice

Question 12

What is supraglacial material?

Answer 12

Material carried on the top of the glacier

Question 13

What is sediment transported by ice called?

Answer 13

Glacial till

Question 14

What can glacial till form?

Answer 14

Moraines

Question 15

What is bulldozing?

Answer 15

When a glacier moves forward it can pile up sediment in front of it to create a moraine

Question 16

What is lodgement?

Answer 16

A type of till that is spread onto the valley floor beneath the ice

Question 17

What is ablation till?

Answer 17

Till that is dropped as the ice melts

Question 18

What is a recessional moraine?

Answer 18

A moraine that is formed as the glacier bulldozes and retreats of periods of time

Question 19

What is a lateral moraine?

Answer 19

Sharp crested piles of till that are dropped as the moraine retreats

Question 20

What is a terminal moraine?

Answer 20

Where the glacier bulldozes the till forward at the snout

Question 21

What is a medial moraine?

Answer 21

Till building up between two glaciers in the middle

Question 22

What is a corrie?

Answer 22

Bowl shaped hollows with steep back walls and ridges

Question 23

What can sometimes be contained in a corrie?

Answer 23

A tarn

Question 24

How is a corrie formed?

Answer 24

• snow accumulates in depressions
• this becomes glacial ice and begins to overfill
• plucking occurs as the ice moves downhill leaving the back wall steeper
• freeze thaw weathering happens causing scree to be formed
• the hollow deepens due to abrasion
• there is less erosion at the front
• a ricks slip is formed
• when all of the ice melts a tarn is formed

Question 25

What are arêtes?

Answer 25

A narrow ridge formed where two corries meet back to back

Question 26

What are pyramidal peaks?

Answer 26

Where three or more corries form a single peak where the arêtes meet

Question 27

What is a glacial trough?

Answer 27

A U shaped valley formed by a glacier moving

Question 28

What is a hanging valley?

Answer 28

When river tributaries suddenly flow through exists in a gap

Question 29

What is a truncated spur?

Answer 29

A landform that occurs when a valley fills with a glacier

Question 30

Why do ribbon lakes form?

Answer 30

Different rates of erosion occur so some parts of the valley floor have deepened

Question 31

What is a ground moraine?

Answer 31

Moraine spread all over the ground formed when a glacier retreats up a valley

Question 32

What a drumlins?

Answer 32

Egg shaped hills composed of mounds of till

Question 33

How is a drumlin formed?

Answer 33

Material is deposited underneath the glacier as a ground moraine This is sculpted by further ice movements You can tell this by the shape of it

Question 34

What are the two ends of drumlins called?

Answer 34

Blunted end Tapered end

Question 35

How are glacial erratics formed?

Answer 35

They fall off of a cliff due to freeze thaw weathering It is then transported by supraglacial transport Once the glacier begins to melt and retreat it is deposited

Question 36

What is honister pass?

Answer 36

A slate mine which is now closed down Only working slate mine in England

Question 37

How much slate does the uk import?

Answer 37

20% of the worlds slate

Question 38

What are examples of forestry in the Lake District?

Answer 38

Ennerdale water Spruce trees are invasive and are taking over Planting 1/2 million native trees

Question 39

How many tourists does the Lake District get?

Answer 39

20 million a year

Question 40

How many houses in the Lake District are lived in all year round?

Answer 40

2/28

Question 41

What are examples of tourism in the Lake District?

Answer 41

Scaffel pike Lake Windermere is uks largest lake Hiking, cycling and nature watching Shops, hotels, tourist attractions

Question 42

What is farming like in the Lake District?

Answer 42

Widespread sheep grazing Primarily hay or silage crops Specialist farming (highland beef, cattle and deer)

Question 43

What is forestry like in the Lake District?

Answer 43

Mostly involves conifer plantations Fast growing trues suited to harsh climates Used to proved wood for furniture

Question 44

What is quarrying like in the Lake District?

Answer 44

13 acting quarries Slate used for roofing