Week 1 Flashcards
(56 cards)
1
Q
how widespread is mental health?
A
- affects many Canadians both directly and indirectly
- about 1 in 5 Canadians
2
Q
describe the effect of mental health on QOL
A
- most significant to one’s emotional well-being & QOL
3
Q
why is it important to understand the history of mental illness
A
- to help understand the concept of recovery
- learning about the history & treatment of individuals w mental illness eventually lead to the development of the concept of Recovery & Recovery Oriented Practice
4
Q
describe the historical perspectives of mental health care & mental illness (6)
A
- individuals were thought as evil spirits, demonic possessions, brain disturbances
- individuals were killed, left to die, trephined (hole into back of skull to “release spirits”)
- were banished outside the “city walls”
- belief that people were affected by the moon (where “lunatic” came from)
- churches sometimes looked after those w mental illness
- started w barbaric treatment bc mental illness wasnt understood
5
Q
what is an example of early forms of institutional care
A
- Bethlehem (Bedlam) in 1400s –> oldest hospital for treating the mentally ill
6
Q
describe the conditions of the Bethlehem hospital (3)
A
- horrific conditions
- v crowded
- patients were treated like an exhibit to high society
7
Q
what occurred in the 1700s r/t mental health care
A
- more humane treatment began
- belief that the insane were ill, needed treatment, and should be under the care of physicians
8
Q
what contribution did philippe phil in France make to mental health care
A
- made efforts to stop abuses
- instrumental in the development of a more humane psychological approach to the custody and care of psychiatric patients, referred to today as “moral therapy/treatment”
9
Q
who is an example of a social reformer for mental health care/illness
A
- dorthea dix
10
Q
describe the contributions of Dorthea Dix for mental health care
A
- visited inmates in prisons & saw a mix of people, including people w mental illness
- came up with the idea for special, humane housing for people w mental illnesses, leading to large hospital = asylums
- thought asylums would be good, but they were built away from general population/society in rural towns, and conditions became overcrowded, contibuted to stigma
11
Q
what is considered the asylum era
A
- the 19th and early 20th centuries
12
Q
what are some characteristics of the asylum era/institutionalization (6)
A
- lots of custodial care (ADLs)
- overcrowding
- pts cut off from society
- occurrences of abuse
- pts had no rights & families could have their family member committed –> pts wanted to leave but couldn’t
- no effective treatment, but other “treatments” done
13
Q
what are 3 examples of treatments done in asylums
A
- hydrotherapy
- insulin shock
- lobotomy
14
Q
what is hydrotherapy
A
- involves exposing pts to water (bath, shower, etc.) for 3 days which they thought would cure them
15
Q
what is insulin shock
A
- a form of psychiatric treatment in which patients were repeatedly injected with large doses of insulin in order to produce daily comas over several weeks
16
Q
what is a lobotomy
A
- barbaric treatment
- nearly all pts received one
- involves severing connections in the brain’s prefrontal cortex
17
Q
describe pts post-lobotomy (4)
A
- no emotions or feelings after
- needed total care
- no problem solving
- no independence
18
Q
what were some significant influences in the treatment of mental illness (6)
A
- sigmund freud & psychoanalysis
- intro of antipsychotic meds
- canadian mental health association (CHHA)
- mental health act
- universal health care
- new demands for research and education
19
Q
what was the biggest factor in the treatment of mental illness
A
- intro of antipsychotic meds in the 1950s –> until then there was no treatment
20
Q
what are 2 examples of anti-psychotic medications-
A
- Chlorpromazine
- haldol
21
Q
what is the mental health act
A
- created to protect pt rights
- sets out in law the admission and treatment requirements for patients in psychiatric facilities
22
Q
what significant theories influenced mental health (6)
A
- psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories
- humanistic therapies
- behavioral theories
- cognitive theories
- biological theories
- interpersonal theories
23
Q
review the study guide for theories posted on UM learn
A
….
24
Q
briefly describe the contributions of psychoanalysis to mental health care (2)
A
- made the connection of trauma & dissociation
- considered how does developmental childhood contribute to mental illness
25
briefly describe the contributions of humanistic therapies to mental health care (3)
- includes Maslow's hierarchy of needs
- see potential/positive in people's human behaviors
- see positive potential in human beings
26
briefly describe the contributions of behavioral therapy to mental health care (3)
- involved rewarding good behavior
- and negative consequences for bad behavior
- some treatments were based on this
ex. w eating disorders: if gain weight = rewarded w passes or privileges
27
briefly describe the contribution of cognitive theories to mental health care
- considered the relationship between negative thoughts and behaviors
28
describe the nurses role in mental health care historically (3)
- provided custodial care
- conditions controlled by staff
- medical model of care dominated --> pt was at the bottom & told what to do, no say in care
29
describe Hildegard Peplau's contribution to mental health care (4)
- "grandmother of psychiatric nursing"
- introduced change in publishing her nursing theory in Interpersonal Relations for Nursing
- described the phases of the therapeutic nurse-client relationship (until then nurses only provided custodial care)
- took students to talk to pts
30
what occurred in the 1970s
- era of deinstitutionalization --> shift to community care
| - the vision of community mental health care
31
describe the era of deinstitutionalization
- saw that pts did not need to be asylums --> could live independently but needed supports
- vision of community mental health: availability & equal access to all lvls of mental health prevention, treatment, and services would be available to those experiencing mental health problems
32
what ended up happening w the era of deinstitutionalization
- discharge huge #s of people into the community, thinking they would have community services, but there rlly wasn't enough access to them
33
define stigma
- negative, discriminatory, and rejecting attitudes & behavior toward a characteristic or element exhibited by an individual or group
34
describe the impact of stigma on individuals w mental illness
- often the stigma of mental illness has a greater negative impact on an individual than the illness itself
35
what are aspects of stigma (10)
- public or social stigma
- stereotyping, prejudicial attitudes
- labelling --> ex. "pchixophrenic"
- avoidance of seeking care
- separating "them" from "us"
- stigma by HCP
- self-stigma
- discrimination --> employment, rental, NIMBY
- cultural variations
- availability of research for mental illness/health
36
what is self-stigma
- the feeling that its wrong to be struggling w mental health
- the feeling that you're not good enough
37
describe cultural variations r/t stigma
- may restrict expression of emotion
- may not be able to talk about mental health in certain cultures
- come cultures are hesitant to recognize mental illness as a problem
38
define mental health
- a state of well-being in which the individual realizes their own abilities, can cope w the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to their community
- the capacity to feel, think, act in ways that enhance our ability to enjoy life and deal w the challenges we face
39
what is critical w mental health
- adaptability
40
define mental health problem
- diminished capacities, whether cognitive, emotional, interpersonal, etc. that interfere w person's enjoyment of life
41
define mental illness (3)
- all diagnosable mental disorders
- health conditions characterized by major/significant alterations in thinking, mood, behavior
- associated w distress and/or impaired functioning
42
define serious mental illness
- encompass illnesses w potential to be more incapacitating
43
what is used by professionals for diagnosis of mental disorders
- diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-V)
44
describe the universality of mental health
- everyone has the potential to be mentally healthy
| - you can have a mental illness but be mentally healthy
45
describe the relationship between mental health & physical health
- mental health shapes the way we think, feel, and communicate
- you can be physically ill but mentally healthy
46
what is mental health promotion
- the process of enhancing the capacity of individuals and communities to take control over their lives & improve their mental health
47
what are significant influences in mental health care today (3)
- senator michael kirby
- mental health commission of Canada
- canadian mental health strategy
48
describe the influence of senator michael kirby on mental health care today (3)
- highlighted fragmented care --> difficulties in access between urban and rural area
- social, economic, and policy considerations
- "out of the shadows at last"
49
describe the influence of the Mental Health Comission of Canada on mental health care today
- provide research, grants, etc.
50
what was the first canadian mental health strategy
- Changing directions, changing lives
51
what are the 6 strategic directions of changing direction, changing lives mental health strategy
- promotion & prevention
- recovery & rights
- access to services
- disparities & diversity
- first nations, inuit, and metis
- leadership & collaboration
52
what recent shift in philosophy occurred in r/t mental health care
- biomedical model --> recovery oriented practice
53
describe the approach in the biomedical model
- top down approach (idrk what this means)
54
describe recovery oriented practice (4)
- envisioned as a path rather than a destination w an endpoint --> may not mean a cure
- conveys a vision of meaning, purpose, hope, and fulfilling dreams in one's life
- involves "consumers" taking a much more active role to regain power and control --> necessary for self-dignity and self-determinations
- includes understanding the lived experiences of others (personal stories, artwork, etc.)
55
define recovery
- a non-linear process of self-organization and adaptation that offsets the personal disintegration of mental illness and enables the individual to reconceive his or her sense of self & wellbeing on all biopsychosocial levels
56
what is a more local public policy the is a significant influence in mental health care today
- "Recovery: hope changes everything --> a guide to recovery-oriented system transformation in Manitoba"
