Week 11 Cognition Flashcards
(39 cards)
define: personality
- the collection of emotional and behavioral traits that characterize a person
- imbedded psychological characteristics that are largely not conscious and not easily altered; express themselves automatically
- ways to perceiving, thinking, and feeling about self, others, and the enviro
what are some features of a healthy personality (4)
- adaptable
- stable
- resilient
- self-aware
what is a personality disorder according to DSM V?
- “The essential feature of a personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture and is manifested in at least two of the following areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control.
- The enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations and leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning ….”
generally, a personality disorder is… (4)
- manifested in cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning, and/or impulse control
- long standing pervasive maladaptive patterns of behavior and relating to others
- behavior deviates from the norms of one’s socio-cultural background
- causes distress to the person
what is the onset of personality disorders (2)
- adolescence
- early adults
what are the 10 identified personality disorders in the DSMV
- paranoid
- schizoid
- schizotypal
- avoidant
- narcissistic
- dependent
- obsessive-compulsive
- histioric
- borderline
these can also be clustered
what cluster is Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) apart of?
- cluster B
how many clusters of personality disorders are there
three
- cluster A
- cluster B
- cluster C
describe cluster A of personality disorders; what are some examples?
- cognitive and perceptual disorders
ex. paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
describe cluster B of personality disorders (3); what are some examples (4)?
- dramatic
- emotional
- erratic cluster
ex. antisocial, borderline, histionic, narcissistic
describe cluster C of personality disorders (2); what are some examples (3)?
- fearful
- anxious cluster
ex. avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive
what are the 4 features of BPD
- affective
- cognitive features and sense of self
- interpersonal relationships
- impulse control
describe the affective features of BPD (7)
- difficulty in regulating emotions
- intense dysphoria that doesn’t last very long
- can become quite angry or enraged (over-reaction to a perceived interpersonal situation)
- difficulty controlling anger
- quick shifts in affect (i.e labile)
- “moody”
- extreme stress & anxiety can induce psychotic symptoms (usually short-lived)
describe the “cognitive features & sense of self” feature of BPD (8)
- may misinterpret experiences such as someone being late as abandonment –> can precipitate intense feelings & behavioral rxns
- trouble accurately interpreting social cues
- experience dichotomous thinking (see individuals as all good or all bad, difficulty appreciating complexity)
- experience dissocitation (“spacing out”, “unreality”, forget blocks of time)
- may not experience a clear or stable sense of self
- shift in terms of self-image, goals, career interests
- may not be able to clearly describe self, what they like, want in life
- chronic feelings of emptiness or boredom may reflect identity disturbance
what is BPD
- a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image & affects, and marked impulsivity
describe the DSM-V criteria for BPD (9)
indicated by 5 or more of the following:
- frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
- pattern of unstable, intense relationships characterized by extreme of idealization & devaluation (either the “best” or “worst”., get close too fast, can’t tolerate flaws)
- identity disturbance –> unstable sense of self
- impulsivity in 2 or more areas that are self-damaging (eating, sex, substance abuse)
- recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, threat or self-harm, self-mutilating behaviors
- affective instability - emotional dysregulation
- chronic feelings of emptiness
- inappropriate and intense anger
- transient, stress-related paranoid ideas or dissociative symptoms
what is a primary defense mechanism in BPD
- splitting
describe: splitting
- inability to synthesis positive and negative aspects of self & others
- split closely connected behaviors, thoughts, or feelings
ex. splitting of staff: seeing 1 HCP as all good, others as all bad
what is idealizing r/t BPD
- idealize people (ex, nurse) when they meet the needs of the individual
what is devaluing r/t BPD
- extreme devaluing of person when needs are not being met
why do individuals w BDP engage in self-harm behaviors (6)
- thought to be a way of coping w numbness/emptiness as a way to feel
- can occur during a dissociated state
- way to cope w difficult emotions & self-hatred as a way to punish the self
- way to self-soothe
- gain relief from distressing thoughts and emotions
- intent is NOT to die, but cope
is there a risk of suicide when someone has BPD?
- yes always a risk - 10%
what causes BPD
- often history of childhood trauma or abuse (abandonment, lack of stability)
- biosocial theory of BDP
describe the biosocial theory of BPD (5)
- suggests that there is a complex interaction of biological and psychosocial factors that contribute to or place a person at risk for developing BPD
- biological vulnerabilities combined w invalidating psychosocial enviro during early child development are thought to contribute
- serotonin dysregulation & decreased activity of the frontal lobe may contribute
- biologically determined emotional vulnerability (emotional sensitivity and reactivity, slow return to baseline)
- invalidating enviro (rejecting, trivializing, abusive)