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Summer CPH > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Archeological findings provide
evidence of sewage disposal and written medical
prescriptions.

A

Prior to 2000 b. c. e.: Ancient Societies

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2
Q

:Perhaps the earliest written
record of public health was the Code of Hammurabi; included laws for physicians and health
practices

A

Circa 1900 b. c. e: Ancient Societies

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3
Q

Bible’s Book of Leviticus written;
includes guidelines for personal cleanliness and
sanitation

A

Circa 1500 b. c. e: Ancient Societies

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4
Q

Provide the History of Timeline

A

Ancient Societies (before
500 b.c.e.), the Classical Cultures (500 b.c.e.–500 c.e.), the Middle Ages (500–1500 c.e.), and
the period of Renaissance and Exploration (1500–1700 c.e.)

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5
Q

: Evidence that Greek
men participated in games of strength and skill and
swam in public facilities

A

Fifth and sixth centuries b. c. e.: Classical Cultures

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6
Q

They are involved in practice of community sanitation; involved in obtaining water from
sources far away and not just local wells

A

Greeks; Classical Culture

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7
Q

were community minded; improved
on community sanitation of Greeks; built aqueducts to transport water from miles away; built
sewer systems; created regulation for building
construction, refuse removal, and street cleaning
and repair; created hospitals as infirmaries for
slaves.

A

Romans; Classical Culture

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8
Q

created hospitals as benevolent charitable organizations

A

Christians; Classical Culture

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9
Q

In 476 CE this Empire fell and most public health
activities ceased.

A

Roman; ClassicalCulture

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10
Q

Early Civilization Eras (2)

A

1; Ancient Society 2; Classical Culture

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11
Q

Growing revulsion for
Roman materialism and a growth of spirituality;
health problems were considered to have both spiritual causes and spiritual solutions, a time referred to as the spiritual era of public health.

A

500–1000 c. e. (Dark Ages): Middle Ages

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12
Q

Failure to take into account the role of the physical and
biological environment in the causation of communicable diseases resulted in many unrelenting epidemics
in which millions suffered and died.

Which era?

A

Middle Ages

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13
Q

Deadliest epidemics in Middle Ages

A

Plague (Black Death)

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14
Q

Black Death Severity

A

killed 25 million; half of population of London lost and in some parts of France only 1 in 10
survived

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15
Q

1200 c. e

A

More than 19,000 Leper Cases; Middle Ages

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16
Q

What are the other epidemics of middle age period?

A

Smallpox, diphtheria,
measles, influenza, tuberculosis, anthrax, and
trachoma

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17
Q

What epidemic was last epidemic of
the middle age period.

A

Syphilis

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18
Q

What period?

Belief that disease was caused by environmental,
not spiritual, factors; for example, the term malaria,
meaning bad air, is a direct reference to humid or
swampy air.

A

Renaissance

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19
Q

Rebirth of thinking about the nature of world and
humankind.

A

Renaissance

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20
Q

What period?

observations
led to first recognition of whooping cough, typhus,
scarlet fever, and malaria as distinct and separate
diseases

A

Renaissance

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21
Q

He published the Observations on
the Bills of Mortality, which was the beginning of vital
statistics

A

John Graunt

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22
Q

What period?

Explorers, conquerors, and merchants and their crews
spread disease to colonists and indigenous people
throughout the New World.

A

Renaissance

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23
Q

When did the Modern era of public
health began?

A

1850

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24
Q

was characterized by industrial growth.

A

eighteenth century

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25
Q

Epidemics continued to be a problem in what century outbreaks
in major cities in both Europe and America?

A

19th century

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26
Q

another cholera epidemic
struck London. Dr. John Snow studied the epidemic and hypothesized that the
disease was being caused by the drinking water from the Broad Street pump.

A

1854

27
Q

another cholera epidemic
struck London. Dr. ______ studied the epidemic and hypothesized that the
disease was being caused by the drinking water from the _______.

A

John Snow; Broad Street pump

28
Q

John Snow “microorganisms can cause disease”

T or F

A

T

29
Q

The predominant theory
of contagious disease at the time of John Snow

A

“miasmas theory

30
Q

How did John Snow resolved the epidemic?

A

Removing of pump handle

31
Q

Vapors or miasma as the source of contagious
diseases

A

Miasmas Theory

32
Q

Who drew up the drew up a health report for
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts

A

United States in 1850, Lemuel Shattuck

33
Q

Shattuck’s report is such that 1850 is a key date in American public health;
it marks the beginning of the __________

A

modern era of public health.

34
Q

understanding of the causes of many communicable diseases occurred
during the

A

last third of the nineteenth century.

35
Q

Idea that living organisms could arise from inorganic or nonliving
matter

A

Spontaneous generation

36
Q

Louis Pasteur of France proposed his______

A

Germ theory of disease

37
Q

First U.S. census

A

1790

38
Q

Yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia.

A

1793

39
Q

Dr. Edward Jenner successfully demonstrated
smallpox vaccination

A

1796

40
Q

Marine Hospital Service (forerunner to U.S. Public Health Service) was formed

A

1798

41
Q

Several of America’s largest cities, including
Boston, Philadelphia, New York, and Baltimore, had
municipal boards of health.

A

1799

42
Q

U.S. government’s approach to health was

A

laissez faire
(i.e., noninterference).

43
Q

First visiting nurse in United States

A

1813

44
Q

who developed the criteria and procedures necessary to establish that a particular microbe, and no other, causes a particular disease. His first
demonstration, with the anthrax bacillus

A

German scientist Robert Koch

45
Q

Between 1877 and the end of the century,
the identity of numerous bacterial disease agents was established, including those that caused
gonorrhea, typhoid fever, leprosy, tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria, tetanus,
pneumonia, plague, and dysentery. This period (1875–1900) has come to be
known as the

A

bacteriological period of public health.

46
Q

pasteurization of milk was
introduced

A

1890

47
Q

True or False?

As the twentieth century began, life expectancy was still more than 50 years.

A

FALSE : less than

48
Q

What are the The leading causes of death in 20th Century?

A

communicable diseases

49
Q

Reed announced that yellow fever was transmitted by

A

mosquitos; 1900

50
Q

Much growth and development took place during the 60-year period from 1900 to 1960. Because
of the growth of health care facilities and providers, this period of time is referred to as the

A

Health resources development period

51
Q

health resources development period can be further divided into

A

Reform phase
(1900–1920), the 1920s, the Great Depression and World War II, and the postwar years.

52
Q

During the first 20 years of the twentieth century is also known as

A

reform phase of public health

53
Q

In 1906 the plight of the immigrants working in the meat packing industry was graphically
depicted by Upton Sinclair in his book

A

The Jungle

54
Q

Sinclair in his book The Jungle. Sinclair’s goal was to draw attention to unsafe
working conditions. What he achieved was greater governmental regulation of the food industry
through the passage of the

A

Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906.

55
Q

In 1909 it was noted that “[i]ll health is perhaps the most constant of the attendants of ______

A

POVERTY

56
Q

characterized by social movements
to improve health conditions in cities
and in the workplace

A

Reform phase of public
health

57
Q

1917, the United
States ranked______ of 16 “progressive” nations in _____ death rate

A

fourteenth; maternal death rate

58
Q

the relationship between occupation and disease had been pointed out ____ years
earlier in Europe

A

200 years

59
Q

first International Congress on Occupational Diseases was held in Chicago

A

1910

60
Q

New York passed a tentative ________ , and over the next
10 years most other states passed similar laws

A

Workman’s Compensation Act

61
Q

U.S. Bureau of Mines was created
and the first clinic for occupational diseases was established in New York at _________

A

Cornell Medical
College

62
Q

By _____ , the movement for healthier conditions in the workplace was well established.

A

1910

63
Q

By _____ , the movement for healthier conditions in the workplace was well established.

A

1910

64
Q

The
first school nursing program was begun in ______ in 1902

A

New York City

Summer CPH (7 decks)

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