Week 1

Question 1

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 1

When one haploid cell from each parent fuses together to create one single unique diploid cell(zygote) through sex.

Question 2

The six advantages of sexual reproduction are?

Answer 2

• genetic diversity
• select beneficial mutations
• can survive in a variety of environmental settings
• reduces the risk of genetic diseases
• ability to adapt to environmental changes
• harmful mutations can be purged from future generations

Question 3

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction

Answer 3

• more energy is utilized to find a mate
• fewer offspring are produced
• offspring doesn’t allows receive the best genes

Question 4

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 4

When an organism makes more of itself without exchanging genetic material with another organism through sex

Question 5

Four advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 5

• positive genetic influences are guaranteed to be passed on to future generations
  -minimal energy utilization
• only one organism is needed to start a colony
• does not require specialized cells

Question 6

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction

Answer 6

• harmful mutations linger longer
• limited genetic diversity
• competition between offspring
• one change can eliminate an entire species

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

A process of cell reproduction, duplication where two genetically identical daughter cells are produced

Question 8

What happens in Prophase?

Answer 8

1st stage
- nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope disintegrates
- chromatins coils and condenses into visible chromosomes
- centrosomes move apart, microtubules extend and mitotic spindle forms
- centromeres are attached to microtubules

Question 9

Metaphase

Answer 9

• 2nd stage
• sister chromatids are lined up in the linear plane in the middle of the cell
• metaphase plate forms between centrosomes
• microtubules pull apart sister chromatids

Question 10

Anaphase

Answer 10

-3rd stage
- pairs of chromosomes are separated to form chromosomes once again
-the chromosomes are pulled to
opposite ends, the microtubules
shorten.
- The new daughter cells will contain
identical genetic material.

Question 11

Telophase

Answer 11

final stage
- the formation of two new
daughter nuclei at either end of the dividing
cell.
- Chromosomes return to loosely packed
chromatin
- Nucleoli reappear within the new nuclear
membrane
- Mitotic spindle breaks apart
- Each cell receives its own complement of
DNA, organelles, membranes, and centrioles.
- The cell is now ready to split in half as
cytokinesis begins

Question 12

Importance of Mitosis

Answer 12

-provides new cells for growth and for replacement of worn-out cells, such
as skin cells.
- primary means of asexual reproduction.

Question 13

Meosis

Answer 13

• Meiosis takes place in specialized tissues (e.g. ovaries and
  testes)
• Involves two divisions and results in four daughter cells, each
  containing only half the original number of chromosomes (23
  in the case of humans)

Question 14

Importance of Meiosis

Answer 14

• The production of sex cells (gametes)
• allows adaptations that
  will help in surviving in an ever-changing environment.
• repair and regulation of genetic abnormalities
  that tend to arise in sex cells.