Week 1 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are essential nutrients?
Nutrients that the human body cannot make.
What are nonessential nutrients?
Nutrients that the human body can make.
What is the difference between organic and inorganic nutrients?
Orgainic nutrients contain carbon, inorganic nutrients do not.
What is homeostasis?
The process through which living organisms maintain a balanced internal state of physical and chemical conditions.
What are energy-yielding nutrients?
Nutrients that provide energy (kJ) such as protein, fat, carbohydrates, and fibre. Alcohol is not considered a nutrient.
What motives, rather than nutritional awareness, influence eating decisions?
Highly personal behavioural and social motives.
Why might personal preference influence food choices?
The personal preference for different tastes is the primary reason people may choose foods. Some research suggests that genetics may influence this.
Why might hunger and satiety influence food choices?
Hunger is a physiological response to a need for food triggered by chemical messengers. The feeling of satiety supresses hunger after eating.
Why might habit influence food choices?
Eating a familiar food and not having to make a decision about it can be comforting.
People may find certain foods and beverages most appropriate at certain times of day.
Why might ethnic heritage or tradition influence food choices?
People generally eat the foods they grew up eating.
Every country, and even regions of a country, have their own typical foods and ways of combining them into meals.
Why might social interactions influence food choices?
Most people enjoy companionship while eating.
Meals are social events and sharing food is part of hospitality.
People tend to eat more food when socialising with others.
Why might marketing influence food choices?
Food companies design marketing to attract people to their brand, and also to be loyal to their brand.
Why might availability, convenience and economy influence food choices?
People are often more likely to choose foods that are accessible, quick and easy to prepare, and within their financial means.
Data shows that today’s consumers value convenience and are willing to spend more than half their food budget on meals that require minimal preparation.
Why might positive and negative associations influence food choices?
People tend to like foods associated with happy occasions, and negative experiences can have long-lasting influences on food preferences.
Why might emotions food choices?
People may find emotional comfort in eating food, partly due to the influence of food on brain chemistry, and due to the mind’s response.
Why might values influence food choices?
Food choices can reflect people’s religious beliefs, political views or environmental concerns.
Why might body weight and health influence food choices?
Sometimes people select certain foods and supplements that they believe will improve their body weight, health or allergies.
Why might nutrition and health benefits influence food choices?
People may choose foods that they believe will benefit their health.
This could include choosing whole or minimally processed foods over ultra-processed foods.
Explain the difference between whole, minimally processed, and ultra-processed foods.
Whole foods are foods that have not been processed in any way.
Minimally processed foods are whole foods which have undergone small changes, such as freezing, juicing, smoking, drying.
Ultra-processed foods are industrial formulations of food-derived substances that contain little to no whole foods.
They are made from substances typically used in food preparation but not consumed as foods themselves, such as oils, fats, starches, preservatives, flavouring and colouring.
What is a diet?
The range of foods an individual consumes daily, forming the foundation of their nutritional habits.
Why is it important to consume a variety of foods?
Different foods are made up of different nutrients. Eating a variety ensures we receive the correct spread of nutrients.
What elements do nutrients contain?
- Minerals
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
What is the body composition of healthy-weight men and women?
Mostly water (60%), fat (13-21% for men, 23-26% for women). Carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, minerals and other minor elements make up the remainder.
Which classes nutrients contain carbon?
Organic nutreints contain carbon. These are:
* Carbohydrates
* Lipids (fats)
* Proteins
* Vitamins
