Week 2

Question 1

What is a fad diet?

Answer 1

a popular, trendy eating plan, which lacks scientific support, and gains temporary popularity due to promises of weight loss or other health benefits.

Question 2

What are the Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs)?

Answer 2

The NRVs are a set of reccomended nutrient intakes for the Australian population based on currently available scientific knowledge.

Question 3

What are the NRVs designed for, and what is the target population they are intended for?

Answer 3

The NRVs are designed for both the prevention of nutrient deficiency related diseases and the reduction of chronic disease risks.

They are intended for use amongst healthy people.

Question 4

What population group is not appropriate for the NRVs?

Answer 4

People with diseases that increase or decrease nutrient needs.

Question 5

What evidence is the nutrient reference values based on?

Answer 5

• Sound scientific evidence
• Nutrient intakes of healthy people
• Reviews of populations showing nutrient deficiencies correctable by diet
• Biochemical markers of nutrient levels
• Nutrient balance studies
• Metabolic studies of deficient individuals
• Extrapolation from animal studies

Question 6

What is the estimated average requirement (EAR) of a nutrient?

Answer 6

The EAR is the estimated daily requirement of a nutrient level that is sufficient for half of the healthy individuals in the population at a particular life stage and gender group.

Question 7

What is the recommended dietary intake (RDI)?

Answer 7

The average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Question 8

Is the RDI higher than the EAR?

Answer 8

Yes, the recommended dietary intake is much higher than the estimated average requirement. The RDI is a value that would meet the requirements of 98% of the healthy population.

Question 9

What is an Adequate Intake (AI) value?

Answer 9

The Adequate Intake reflects the average amount of a nutrient that a group of healthy people consume.

Question 10

In what situation is an Adequate Intake value established?

Answer 10

An Adequate Intake for a nutrient is set when there is insufficient scientific evidence to determine an estimated average requirement.

Question 11

What are the differences between an Average Intake value and a Recommended Daily Intake value?

Answer 11

An RDI is based on scientific evidence to expect that almost all healthy people’s needs will be met.
An AI is based on scientific judgement rather than evidence, and the percentage of people covered by it are unknown.

Question 12

What age group has an Adequate Intake instead of an Estimated Adequate Requirement?

Answer 12

Infants - 0-6 months and 7-12 months.

Question 13

How was the Adequate Intake of calcium for infants determined?

Answer 13

By multiplying together the average breast milk intake and the average concentration of calcium in breast milk.

Question 14

What is a balance study?

Answer 14

A study that looks at estimating an intake of a nutrient at which the excreted nutrient equals net absorbed nutrient, allowing for losses from absorbtion and excretion.

Question 15

What is the Upper Level of Intake?

Answer 15

The upper level of intake is the point at which further intake of a nutrient would become toxic.

Question 16

High calcium intake interferes with the absorbtion of which 2 nutrients?

Answer 16

Iron and Zinc

Question 17

Why is the energy recommendation not generous?

Answer 17

Excess energy cannot be readily excreted and is stored as body fat. This can lead to obesity.

Question 18

What is the Estimated Energy Requirement?

Answer 18

The EER represents the average dietary energy intake (kJ/day) that will maintain energy balance in a person who has a healthy body weight and level of physical activity.

Question 19

Has an upper level of energy been determined?

Answer 19

No upper level has been determined as any amount in excess of body energy needs will result in weight gain.

Question 20

What 3 nutrients yield energy?

Answer 20

• Protien
• Fat
• Carbohydrate

Question 21

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range?

Answer 21

The AMDR is a list of values for energy producing nutrients that will provide adequate nutrients and energy and maintain current body weight.

• Carbohydrate: 45-65%
• Fat: 20-35%
• Protein: 15-25%

Question 22

What is the Suggested Dietary Target?

Answer 22

a daily average intake from food and beverages for certain nutrients that may help in prevention of chronic diseases.

Question 23

What are the Australian Dietary Guidelines?

Answer 23

The Australian Dietary Guidelines provide information about healthy food choices based on science-based evidence.

Question 24

What are the Australian Dietary Guidelines designed to do?

Answer 24

Reduce the risk of diet-related disease, and to improve community health and wellbeing.

Question 25

What are the 5 Australian Dietary Guideline statements?

Answer 25

1. To acheive and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drink to meet your energy needs. 2. Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the 5 food groups daily. 3. Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugar. 4. Encourage, support and promote breast feeding. 5. Care for your food, prepare and store it safely.

Question 26

What 4 food types should have limited consumption?

Answer 26

* Saturated fat * Sugar * Salt * Alcohol

Question 27

What guide should be used in conjuntion with the Australian Dietary Guidelines?

Answer 27

The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating

Question 28

What are the 5 food groups?

Answer 28

* Grains - Breads, cereals, rice, pasta, noodles * Vegetables and legumes * Fruit * Dairy - Milk, yoghurt and cheese * Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, nuts, legumes

Question 29

What nutrients are provided by the fruit food group?

Answer 29

* Fibre * Folate * Vitamin A * Vitamin C * Potassium

Question 30

What nutrients are provided by the Vegetables and legumes food group?

Answer 30

* Fibre * Folate * Magnesium * Potassium * Vitamin A * Vitamin E * Vitamin C * Vitamin K

Question 31

What nutrients are provided by the grains food group?

Answer 31

* Fibre * Folate * Iron * Magnesium * Niacin * Riboflavin * Thiamin * Selenium

Question 32

What nutrients are provided by the meat, poultry, eggs, nuts and seeds and legumes food group?

Answer 32

* Meat, poultry, fish and eggs: * Protein * Niacin * thiamin * Vitamin B6 * Iron * Magnesium * Potassium * Zinc * Legumes and nuts: * Protein * folate * Thiamin * Vitamin E * Iron * Magnesium * Potassium * Zinc * Fibre

Question 33

What nutrients are provided by the dairy food group?

Answer 33

* Protein * Riboflavin * Vitamin B12 * Calcium * Magnesium * Potassium * Vitamin D (if fortified)

Question 34

What do fats and oils contribute to dietary needs?

Answer 34

* Vitamin E * Essential fatty acids

Question 35

Which 2 types of fats should be chosen?

Answer 35

* Monounsaturated * Polyunsaturated

Question 36

What are phytochemicals?

Answer 36

non-nutrient compounds found in plant-derived foods that have biological activity in the body.