Week 1

Question 1

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 1

Question 2

Label

Answer 2

Question 3

Explain the pericardium

Answer 3

Question 4

Explain the myocardium

Answer 4

Question 5

Explain the endocardium

Answer 5

Question 6

Label

Answer 6

Question 7

What percentage of cardiac output comes from the atrial kick?

Answer 7

Question 8

What is the diastolic and systolic mmHg in the R ventricle?

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the normal filling pressure of the left atrium?

Answer 9

Question 10

What is the normal systolic pressure of the left ventricle?

Answer 10

Question 11

Label

Answer 11

Question 12

What valves are open/closed in atrial contraction?

Answer 12

Question 13

What valves are open/closed in ventricular contraction?

Answer 13

Question 14

Explain the function of the aorta

Answer 14

Question 15

Explain the function of the right coronary artery

Answer 15

Question 16

Explain the function of the left coronary artery

Answer 16

Question 17

Label

Answer 17

Question 18

Explain the function of the pulmonary arteries and veins

Answer 18

Question 19

Explain the function of vena cava and cardiac veins

Answer 19

Question 20

Label

Answer 20

Question 21

What are the characteristics of arteries and veins?

Answer 21

Question 22

Label

Answer 22

Question 23

Label

Answer 23

Question 24

What is the difference (in anatomy) between medium sized veins and venules?

Answer 24

Question 25

Label and explain

Answer 25

Question 26

Explain

Answer 26

Question 27

What is cardiac output? How are HR and SV regulated?

Answer 27

Question 28

When is preload increased? When is afterload increased? What is the relationship?

Answer 28

Question 29

Explain

Answer 29

Question 30

Explain

Answer 30

Question 31

Label

Answer 31

Question 32

Between arterioles, capillaries, and venules. Which has the highest BP? Lowest velocity? Highest vascular area?

Answer 32

Question 33

Which 2 organs that whether an individual is at rest or doing heavy work, still receive about the same percentage of cardiac output?

Answer 33

Question 34

What makes angiotensin II? What are its effects?

Answer 34

Question 35

What are the effects of ANP/BNP?

Answer 35

Question 36

What triggers the release of ANP/BNP? What is the end result of that process?

Answer 36

Question 37

After binding with angiotensin II, what is the main action of arterioles, kidney, sympathetic NS, adrenal cortex, and hypothalamus?

Answer 37

Question 38

List the 3 layers of the heart. Function?

Answer 38

Question 39

What are the 3 unique characteristics of heart muscles?

Answer 39

Question 40

How is the pressure in the ventricles affected during diastole? Systole?

Answer 40

Question 41

Compared to veins, the arteries are:

Answer 41

thicker, more elastic, higher pressure, smaller lumens

Question 42

Explain areas affected by artery occlusion in 1) right coronary artery, 2) LAD, 3) circumflex

Answer 42

Question 43

Explain the pressure difference between L atrium and ventricle during 1) diastole, 2) systole

Answer 43

Question 44

Define afterload and stroke volume

Answer 44

Question 45

Define ejection fraction and its formula

Answer 45

Question 46

Define cardiac output and explain what causes the “lub” and “dub” sounds

Answer 46

Question 47

Explain preload and afterload

Answer 47

Question 48

Explain frank-starling mechanism

Answer 48

Question 49

What happens to cardiac output and VO2 as physical activity increases?

Answer 49

both increase linearly to meet metabolic demand

Question 50

How are preload, afterload, contractility, and HR affected cardiac output if they are increased?

Answer 50

Question 51

What do chronotropic factors influence? Iontropic?

Answer 51

Question 52

Explain the velocity, pressure, and area for 1) aorta, 2) arteries, 3) arterioles, 4) capillaries

Answer 52

Question 53

How is blood flow affected from rest to heavy work?

Answer 53

Question 54

How is angiotensin II made? What are its actions? How does it affect BP if it is increased?

Answer 54

Question 55

What are the actions of ANP/BNP?

Answer 55