Week 1 & 2

Question 1

What are the steps of nursing process ?

Answer 1

Assessment , Diagnosis , Plan, Intervention , Evaluation.

Question 2

What is a Nursing diagnosis ?

Answer 2

An actual or potential problem , is not a medical diagnosis.

Question 3

What is pain?

Answer 3

An unpleasent sensory expierence with an actual or potential tissue damage

Question 4

What are the components of pain?

Answer 4

Physical , emotional , and cognitive

Question 5

What is the most reliable indicator of pain?

Answer 5

The patients report

Question 6

What is addiction?

Answer 6

A compulsive behavioral pattern

Question 7

What is an agonist ?

Answer 7

A drug that affects the receptors

Question 8

Whats is an antagonist ?

Answer 8

A substance that blocks drugs or reverces the effect

Question 9

What is dependence ?

Answer 9

Causes withdrawl syndrom when stopping the opioid , not indication of addiction

Question 10

What is a nociceptor ?

Answer 10

A receptor that is senstive to a noxious stimulus (pain receptor)

Question 11

What is the most common reason for seeking medical help

Answer 11

Pain

Question 12

What is a non-nociceptor?

Answer 12

A receptor that doesn’t transmit pain

Question 13

What is the meaning of algogenic ?

Answer 13

A substance that causes pain

Question 14

What is an opioid?

Answer 14

Drugs that relief pain, may have side effects

Question 15

What is pain tolerance ?

Answer 15

The maximum amount of pain that the paitent can endure

Question 16

What is a PCA?

Answer 16

Patient controlled analgesia , its a self adminstered medication

Question 17

What is referred pain?

Answer 17

Pain coming from a site that isnt the site of the injury or disease

Question 18

What is tolerance ?

Answer 18

When the sensitivity to a medication lessens , need for a stronger dose

Question 19

Types of pain?

Answer 19

Duration (chronic , acute , cancer related) , location and etiology

Question 20

What is diaphoresis ?

Answer 20

Excessive sweating

Question 21

What kind of pain activates the fight-or-flight response ?

Answer 21

Mild or moderate pain, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, HR & BP & blood glucose increase

Question 22

What is the physical response to deep pain?

Answer 22

Parasympathetic , opposite affects of the fight or flight, adapts to pain

Question 23

What happens if acute pain goes untreated?

Answer 23

Can affect other systems (endocrine, respiratory, cardivascular, immune),risks physiological disorders

Question 24

What happens if chronic pain goes untreated?

Answer 24

Increased disability, depression, supression of immune function and promotion of tumor growth

Question 25

What are the factors that influnce pain?

Answer 25

Past experiences with pain, fatigue

Question 26

Summarize the WHO pain managment ladder ,

Answer 26

1-3 : non opioid , 4-6 : weak opioid , 7-10 : strong opioid.

Question 27

What is respiratory depression?

Answer 27

Difficulty breathing , when IV, SQ or intraspinal route is used, higher risk in elderly, develops over a period of days,

Question 28

Meperidine (demrol)

Answer 28

Only 50% absorbed orally, check the patients liver function, HR/BP/RR drops, vertigo, look for urinary retention, look for confusion , rise in fluid and fiber (bulf and fluid)

Question 29

Morphine

Answer 29

Metabolized by the liver , same effects as demrol , commonly used

Question 30

Fentanyl (sublimaze)

Answer 30

IM/IV route, used transdermally, liver metabolism, same effects as demrol but no urinary retention, PCA system (80 doses over 24hrs) , used if patient has allergy to morphine or demrol

Question 31

Versed (midazolam )

Answer 31

Sedative/anti-anxiety/anesthesia , used before or after surgery , impair short term memory by enhancing a chemical in the brain, may cause breathing problems and tenderness at the injection site and nuasea

Question 32

What are NSAIDS ?

Answer 32

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug e.g aspirin

Question 33

What is a narrow theraputic index ?

Answer 33

Strong but short term effects , must be constantly given

Question 34

NSAIDS

Answer 34

Used for mild or moderate pain, inhibits (stops) cyclo-oxygenase that circulates prostaglandin, monitor for salicylism (tinnitus , vertigo, and decreased hearing acuity) , monitor urine & fecal output, patient with renal faliure require a small dose, causes bleeding and gastric irratatoon

Question 35

What are anti convulsants?

Answer 35

Anti seizure medication like carbamazepine (tegrol), monitor for agranulocytosis and hyponatremia(low sodium levels) , used for treating neuropathic pain

Question 36

What is PQRST?

Answer 36

Provocation/palliation, quality , region/radiation , severity, timing ,